Zaha Hadid Architects设计的港口大楼, 安特卫普, 比利时 Port House designed by Zaha Hadid Architects, Antwerp, Belgium (© Dmitry Rukhlenko/Alamy)

建立在过去之上的未来 A future built on the past

世界建筑日

安特卫普港口管理局大楼（又名港口大楼）是一座闪闪发光的方尖碑，矗立在数百年前的建筑之上。这座引人注目的建筑是扎哈·哈迪德（Zaha Hadid）与她的团队在扎哈·海迪德建筑师事务所（Zaha-Hadid Architects）创造的愿景，该事务所在2009年赢得了围绕历史消防站修建新建筑的竞赛。工程于2016年竣工，同年这位著名建筑师去世。扩建计划类似于一艘帆船的船体，突出的船头闪烁着钻石，让人想起安特卫普长期以来的宝石贸易。

今天，我们庆祝世界建筑日及其2022年的主题“建筑造福人类”通过将历史建筑与现代建筑相结合来保护历史建筑的建筑正变得越来越普遍，因为城市在创造新的现代空间和前所未有的建筑的同时，也在寻求保留其早期化身的精神。这种风格的一些著名例子包括纽约市的布鲁克林博物馆、德国德累斯顿的军事历史博物馆，以及另一个哈迪德设计，英国牛津的圣安东尼学院。

World Architecture Day

Antwerp's Port Authority Building (aka Port House) is a gleaming obelisk perched above a building from centuries past. This striking structure was the vision Zaha Hadid created with her team at Zaha Hadid Architects, which won a 2009 competition to build a new building around a historic firehouse. Work completed in 2016, the same year the famed architect died. The expansion is intended to resemble the hull of a sailing ship, with a protruding bow glimmering with diamonds, recalling Antwerp's longtime trade in precious stones.

Today we celebrate World Architecture Day and its 2022 theme of 'Architecture for wellbeing.' Architecture that preserves historic buildings by combining them with modern structures is becoming more prevalent as cities seek to retain the spirit of their earlier incarnations while creating new, modern spaces and never-before-seen constructions. Some famous examples of this style include the Brooklyn Museum in New York City, the Museum of Military History in Dresden, Germany, and another Hadid design, St. Antony's College in Oxford, England.

阿尔伯克基国际气球节上的气球, 阿尔伯克基市, 新墨西哥州 Balloons at the Albuquerque International Balloon Fiesta in Albuquerque, New Mexico (© gmeland/Shutterstock)

最古老的飞行方式 The oldest way to fly

Albuquerque International Balloon Fiesta

October means pumpkin fields, Halloween, leaf-peeping, and the World Series. But in Albuquerque, New Mexico, the beginning of October means a skyful of hot air balloons. The 50th Albuquerque International Balloon Fiesta is the largest gathering of balloonists in the world, with more than 500 hot air balloons going aloft this week. The now 9-day event got its start by launching 13 balloons from a shopping mall parking lot in 1972 to celebrate the birthday of a local radio station. It has easily become the biggest event of the year in Albuquerque, whose entire populace can view balloons in flight simply by stepping outside their homes and looking up.

The event is staged from the 365-acre Balloon Fiesta Park, on the northern outskirts of Albuquerque with the Sandia Mountains a few miles away. The Balloon Fiesta claims to be the most photographed event in the world, and it's easy to understand why. The highlight of the week is a mass ascension, in two waves, of all the balloons, decorated with every color and some shaped like animals or cartoon characters. In the age of jets and helicopters and rockets, this mass celebration of nearly silent flight reminds us that the magic of flying is not about speed, but simply reaching the sky.

国际热气球节

十月意味着南瓜田、万圣节、偷看树叶和世界系列赛。但在新墨西哥州的阿尔伯克基，10月初意味着满天都是热气球。第50届阿尔伯克基国际气球节是世界上最大的气球爱好者聚会，本周有500多个热气球升空。1972年，为了庆祝当地广播电台的生日，这项为期9天的活动从一个购物中心停车场发射了13个气球开始。它很容易成为阿尔伯克基一年中最大的盛事，那里的全体民众只要走出家门，抬头就能看到飞行中的气球。

该活动在365英亩的气球嘉年华公园举行，该公园位于阿尔伯克基北郊，距离桑迪亚山脉几英里。气球嘉年华声称是世界上拍摄次数最多的活动，原因很容易理解。本周的亮点是所有气球的两次大规模提升，气球上装饰着各种颜色，有些形状像动物或卡通人物。在喷气式飞机、直升机和火箭的时代，这种近乎无声飞行的大规模庆祝活动提醒我们，飞行的魔力不在于速度，而仅仅在于飞向天空。

仙女谷，苏格兰斯凯岛 (© e55evu/Getty Images)

仙境之旅

倒映在湖中的勃朗峰山脉，法国霞慕尼市 (© Stefan Huwiler/Alamy)

切斯瑞湖

山上的日出，河北蔚县 Mountain sunrise, yuxian, hebei, China (© zhao zhenhao/Getty Images)

祖国生日快乐！ Happy birthday to our motherland!

Mountain sunrise, yuxian, hebei

Yuxian is a national historical and cultural city, with 21 national key cultural relics under protection,35 Chinese traditional villages, two Chinese historical and cultural towns, two Chinese historical and cultural villages, one national 4A-level tourist attraction, and four national 3A-level tourist attractions.

In addition, the county is a hometown of folk art and paper-cutting, a center of research for the art of paper-cutting, and a leading folklore cultural tourism city, among other things.

河北蔚县日出山

蔚县是国家历史文化名城，有21处国家重点文物保护单位，35处中国传统村落，2处中国历史文化名镇，2处历史文化村，1处国家4A级旅游景区，4处国家3A级旅游景区。

此外，该县还是民间艺术和剪纸之乡、剪纸艺术研究中心、领先的民俗文化旅游城市等。

在新湾潜水的南露脊鲸，阿根廷瓦尔德斯半岛 Southern right whale diving in the Golfo Nuevo near the Valdes Peninsula, Argentina (© Gabriel Rojo/Minden Pictures)

南冰洋里的巨鲸 Giants of the Southern Ocean

Southern right whale

The end of September in the Southern Hemisphere means warming weather and the nearing of summer. For southern right whales like this one off the coast of Argentina, this means a transit southward toward Antarctica and rich feeding grounds. Southern right whales are a subspecies of right whale that inhabit the oceans below the equator. They feed on krill at the surface of the water, holding their mouths open as they swim through clouds of the tiny crustaceans.

Right whales got their names because they were the 'right' whale to hunt, desirable to whalers because they were relatively slow and floated when they died. Right whales are easily identifiable by the thick white calluses on their heads. They tend to be social and curious creatures and have been known to have close encounters with humans. They spend winters in warmer waters closer to the equator. The whale featured today surfaced off the Valdes Peninsula, home to the largest breeding population in the world, and a fitting location for the Southern Whale Natural Monument, created in 1984. In these protected waters, thousands of whales will mate and give birth, staying until October or November, when they will begin their great migration south.

南露脊鲸

南半球的9月底意味着气候变暖和夏季临近。对于阿根廷海岸外的这种南露脊鲸来说，这意味着向南迁移到南极洲和丰富的觅食地。南方露脊鲸是露脊鲸的一个亚种，栖息在赤道以下的海洋中。它们以水面上的磷虾为食，在穿过微小甲壳动物云层时张大嘴巴。

露脊鲸之所以得名，是因为它们是捕鲸的“正确”鲸鱼，捕鲸者之所以喜欢露脊鲸，是因为露脊鲸的速度相对较慢，死后会浮在水面上。露脊鲸头上厚厚的白色胼胝很容易辨认出来。它们往往是社会性和好奇的动物，并且已知与人类有密切接触。它们在靠近赤道的温暖水域过冬。今天，这头鲸鱼在巴尔德斯半岛浮出水面，这里是世界上最大的繁殖种群所在地，也是1984年建立的南方鲸鱼自然纪念碑的合适地点。在这些受保护的水域中，数千头鲸鱼将交配并产子，一直呆到10月或11月，届时它们将开始大规模向南迁徙。

约翰斯顿峡谷，加拿大班夫国家公园 (© Jason Hatfield/TANDEM Stills + Motion)

落基山脉的宝石

卡伯特镇的福斯特廊桥，美国佛蒙特州 Foster Covered Bridge in Cabot, Vermont (© Alan Majchrowicz/Getty Images)

一场现代化的重建 A modern recreation

The A.M. Foster covered bridge in Cabot, Vermont

At one point in history, the United States had upwards of 14,000 wooden covered bridges. Most of them were built between 1825 and 1875 to cross a stream or river and were intended to withstand the elements. An uncovered wooden bridge may have a lifespan of only about 20 years while a covered bridge could stand for more than a 100. Even still, they don't fare well without upkeep and restoration costs can be high. Iron replaced wood as the preferred and cheaper bridge-building material in the mid-1800s. These days, fewer than 900 of the original wooden covered bridges are believed to still be standing. Vermont currently has 104 of them, the highest density of remaining covered bridges in the country. The Alonzo Merrill Foster covered bridge seen in today's photo can be found in Cabot, Vermont.

The A.M. Foster bridge, named after the inventor of a type of maple spout, is located on Spaulding Farm. Don't be deceived, the Foster bridge is actually a 1990s replica of a 'farm bridge' that was built in 1890 known as the Orton Bridge. Despite being a replica, the Foster bridge was authentically constructed by hand, in collaboration with Foster's great-grandson, with spruce lumber and salvaged granite. Spanning 45 feet across a man-made pond and literally bridging the gap between two farms, it took less than 6 weeks to complete. Unfortunately, it was found to be too narrow for modern farm equipment, a miscalculation that its constructors found amusing. Still, it works well as a photo opportunity and frequent venue for weddings.

佛蒙特州卡博特的福斯特廊桥

在历史上的某个时期，美国有超过14000座木桥。这些建筑大多建于1825年至1875年之间，用于跨越溪流或河流，旨在抵御恶劣天气。一座无遮盖的木桥可能只有大约20年的寿命，而一座有遮盖的桥可以支撑100多年。即使如此，如果没有维护，它们也不会很好，修复成本可能很高。19世纪中叶，铁取代木材成为首选且更便宜的桥梁建筑材料。这些天来，据信只有不到900座原始的木制覆盖桥梁仍然屹立着。佛蒙特州目前有104座桥，是该国剩余有盖桥梁密度最高的一座。今天照片中的阿隆佐-梅里尔-福斯特（Alonzo Merrill Foster）桥位于佛蒙特州的卡伯特（Cabot）。

A.M.Foster桥位于斯波尔丁农场，以一种枫树喷口的发明者命名。别被骗了，福斯特桥实际上是一座建于1890年的“农场桥”的90年代复制品，被称为奥尔顿桥。尽管是一座复制品，但福斯特桥确实是与福斯特的曾孙合作，用云杉木材和回收的花岗岩手工建造的。它横跨一个45英尺长的人工池塘，实际上弥补了两个农场之间的差距，不到6周就完成了。不幸的是，对于现代农业设备来说，它太窄了，这是一个让建造者感到有趣的错误计算。尽管如此，作为一个拍照机会和频繁举行婚礼的场所，它仍然很管用。

黄石国家公园里的上间歇泉盆地，美国怀俄明州 Upper Geyser Basin in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming (© Ray Urner/Tandem Stills + Motion)

水与火相遇的地方 Where fire and water meet

Upper Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park

The highest concentration of geysers and hydrothermal springs in the world are located here in this corner of Yellowstone National Park, called the Upper Geyser Basin. They include what is perhaps the most famous geyser of them all: Old Faithful. But the Upper Basin contains many other geysers as well, including the tallest predictable geyser (Grand Geyser) and the most voluminous geyser (Giant Geyser). Yellowstone contains about 300 geysers, about two-thirds the number in the entire world.

Geysers are essentially a rare form of hot spring—a water-filled tube that extends thousands of feet into the Earth's crust, so deep it makes contact with molten rock called magma. The water in the tube boils and under extreme pressure ejects the water column into the air, emptying the tube. After some time, more groundwater seeps into the tube, filling it, and starting the process over again. That's why geysers erupt at somewhat regular intervals. The bigger the tube, the more water, and the longer the eruption. Yellowstone is one of the few places in the world where you can safely walk among so many geysers and superheated springs, and view them close up. Trails and boardwalks guide the way, making the Upper Geyser Basin one of the star attractions of this famous national park.

黄石国家公园上间歇泉盆地

世界上最密集的间歇泉和热泉位于黄石国家公园的这个角落，被称为上间歇泉盆地。其中最著名的喷泉可能是：老忠实喷泉。但上盆地也有许多其他间歇泉，包括最高的可预测间歇泉（大间歇泉）和最大的间歇泉（巨型间歇泉）。黄石公园有大约300个间歇泉，大约是全世界的三分之二。

间歇泉本质上是一种罕见的温泉，它是一种充满水的管子，伸入地壳数千英尺深，与称为岩浆的熔融岩石接触。管子中的水沸腾，在极端压力下将水柱喷射到空气中，排空管子。一段时间后，更多的地下水渗入管道，将其充满，然后重新开始这一过程。这就是间歇泉每隔一定时间喷发的原因。管子越大，水越多，喷发时间越长。黄石公园是世界上为数不多的几个可以在众多间歇泉和过热泉水之间安全漫步并近距离观看的地方之一。小径和木板人行道指引着道路，使上间歇泉盆地成为这个著名国家公园的明星景点之一。

两头穿越苏西特纳河的驯鹿，美国阿拉斯加 Caribou crossing the Susitna River during the autumn rut, Alaska (© Tim Plowden/Alamy)

令人印象深刻的时刻 Time to make an impression

Caribou rutting season in Alaska

It's that time of year when Alaskan caribou are beginning to feel a little frisky. From late September until early November, males will be strutting their stuff, locking antlers with one another, and competing for the attention of females in hopes of furthering the species. Successful males will mate with 15-20 females a season. After the rutting season males will shed their antlers while females keep theirs until spring. In today's photo we're looking at some caribou in southcentral Alaska crossing the Susitna River.

Alaska has 32 distinct caribou herds. It's likely today's caribou are members of the Nelchina herd, which roams across about 20,000 square miles in the high basin surrounded by the Talkeetna, Chugach, Wrangell, and Alaska ranges. The Nelchina herd is among the most studied and recognized of Alaskan caribou partly because their range is relatively close to the major human population centers of the state. The herd has provided food for Alaskans for hundreds of years and its population is maintained through carefully monitored hunting regulations. But caribou populations can fluctuate from one year to the next depending on the availability of food and severity of the weather.

阿拉斯加驯鹿发情季节

每年的这个时候，阿拉斯加驯鹿开始感到有点活泼。从9月下旬到11月初，雄性将昂首阔步，相互锁住鹿角，争夺雌性的注意力，以期进一步丰富物种。成功的雄性每季度将与15-20只雌性交配。发情期过后，雄性会脱掉鹿角，而雌性会一直保留到春天。在今天的照片中，我们看到一些驯鹿在阿拉斯加中南部穿越苏西特纳河。

阿拉斯加有32个不同的驯鹿群。今天的北美驯鹿很可能是Nelchina鹿群的成员，它们在塔基特纳山脉、楚加赫山脉、朗格尔山脉和阿拉斯加山脉环绕的高盆地中漫游，占地约20000平方英里。Nelchina驯鹿群是阿拉斯加驯鹿中研究和认识最多的驯鹿群之一，部分原因是它们的分布范围相对接近该州的主要人口中心。数百年来，牧群一直为阿拉斯加人提供食物，通过仔细监测狩猎法规来维持种群数量。但是驯鹿的数量可能会随着食物的供应和天气的恶劣程度而在一年到另一年之间波动。