标签森林下的文章

天门洞，湖南天门山国家森林公园，中国 Heaven's Gate Cave in Tianmen Mountain National Park, China (© Shane P. White/Minden Pictures)

通往天门的阶梯 Stairway to heaven

天门洞，湖南天门山国家森林公园

这张照片所呈现的石拱就是天门洞，它是湖南省北部最受欢迎的标志性景点之一，位于湖南天门山国家森林公园内。要想到达天门洞，你要么选择乘坐缆车，要么乘坐公共汽车穿过有九十九道弯的公路。下车后，你还需要步行登上陡峭的九百九十九级天梯。天门洞海拔高度有4100英尺，整个洞高440英尺、宽180英尺。尽管到达天门洞并非易事，但这趟行程绝对物超所值。

Heaven's Gate Cave, Tianmen Mountain National Park, China

The rock arch formation you're looking at today is Heaven's Gate Cave, a popular landmark in Hunan province, China. This busy tourist destination is located on Tianmen (Heaven's Gate) Mountain in Tianmen Mountain National Park. To reach the arch, you must either ride a cable car or take a bus up a twisty, winding road with 99 turns. (The number 9 represents eternity in Chinese numerology.) Once off the bus, you'll need to walk 999 steps up a 45-degree incline—a stairway to the heavens. It's no easy feat, but this is no ordinary cave. At an elevation of 4,100 feet, the arch is 440 feet high and 180 feet wide.

位于阿伯费尔迪桦树林中的罗伯特·彭斯雕像, 苏格兰 Statue of Robert Burns in the Birks of Aberfeldy, Perth and Kinross, Scotland (© Dennis Barnes/Getty Images)

谁写下了友谊天长地久？ Celebrating the Scottish Bard

纪念这位苏格兰诗人

今天是罗伯特·彭斯的生日，让我们向他说一声“生日快乐”！罗伯特·彭斯是著名苏格兰诗人，被视为浪漫主义运动的先驱。今天照片中展示的是位于珀斯-金罗斯的阿伯费尔迪桦树林中的罗伯特·彭斯雕像。为了纪念这位诗人，今天还有一个庆祝活动——彭斯之夜。人们会在活动上享用丰盛的晚餐，品尝着羊肚脍的同时朗诵彭斯的诗歌《羊肚脍颂》。晚会通常会以大家合唱《友谊地久天长》而结束，这首诗歌由彭斯于1788年创作。

Burns Night

Today we're wishing a very happy birthday to the man regarded as Scotland's national poet and a pioneer of the Romantic movement, Robert Burns. Perhaps you can celebrate by visiting his statue at the Birks of Aberfeldy in Perth and Kinross, as seen in today's photo. The birch trees here ('birks' in the Scots language) and a local waterfall inspired him to write a song lyric, 'The Birks of Aberfeldy,' in 1787.

You might also take part in Burns Night, a worldwide celebration that involves a lavish, multicourse dinner, a recital of Burns' 'Address to a Haggis,' and a serving of that poem's titular dish. After much discussion and several poetry readings, the night traditionally ends with guests singing the New Year's standard, 'Auld Lang Syne,' with words written by Burns himself in 1788.

穆涅略斯自然保护区，西班牙 Muniellos Nature Reserve in Asturias, Spain (© Andres M. Dominguez/Minden Pictures)

树木之美 Beauty comes in trees

穆涅略斯自然保护区，西班牙

穆涅略斯自然保护区有西班牙保护最好的栎树森林之一。栎树也被称作普通橡树、欧洲橡木或英国橡树。除橡树外，这片面积13560英亩的保护区内还有无梗花栎。

20世纪70年代起，穆涅略斯自然保护区便禁止伐木和打猎。如今，这里被联合国教科文组织列为生物圈保护区，进入其中的人数都被严格控制。保护区内设有游客中心，大多数游客最远也就能被允许走到这里。因此今天的这张照片，可以说非常珍贵。

Muniellos Nature Reserve

The Muniellos Nature Reserve is one of Spain's best-preserved forests of Quercus robur, otherwise known as common oak, European oak, or English oak. The 13,560-acre reserve in Asturias province also includes sessile oaks, seen in our photo alongside beech trees.

In the 1970s logging was banned in the reserve. Soon after, hunting was also banned. Today, even human access to this UNESCO-designated biosphere is carefully controlled. There's a visitor center, and that's about as far as most tourists are allowed. We're just glad we have photos of this incredible forest.

博罗韦茨，保加利亚 Borovets, Bulgaria (© Grigor Ivanov/Cavan Images)

冬季仙境 Winter wonderland for your wallet

保加利亚Borovets滑雪场

Borovets是保加利亚最古老的冬季滑雪胜地，成立于1896年。它是一个更便宜的欧洲滑雪胜地，而不是阿尔卑斯山上更昂贵的滑雪胜地，特别是对于滑雪新手和那些在斜坡上寻找乐趣而不花大钱的人来说。

该度假区曾被保加利亚皇室用作狩猎场。Borovets覆盖了保加利亚和巴尔干半岛最高的山峰Musala Peak的山麓和山脊，位于国家首都索非亚以南几十英里的东部Rila山脉。

Borovets ski resort in Bulgaria

Borovets is Bulgaria's oldest winter resort, established in 1896. It's a cheaper European skiing alternative to the more expensive resorts in the Alps, especially for novice skiers and those looking for fun on the slopes without shelling out the big bucks.

The resort area was once used by Bulgarian royalty as hunting grounds. Borovets covers the foothills and ridge-spine of Musala Peak, the highest mountain in Bulgaria and the Balkans, in the eastern Rila Mountains only a few dozen miles south of the national capital, Sofia.

威斯特曼森林，达特穆尔国家公园，英格兰德文郡 (© Richard Garvey-Williams/Alamy)

一片迷人的森林

威拉米特国家森林麦肯齐河步道上的桥，美国 Bridge on the McKenzie River Trail, Willamette National Forest, Oregon (© Don Paulson/Danita Delimont)

徒步旅行 Take a hike!

麦肯齐河步道上的桥梁

我们的照片显示俄勒冈州的麦肯齐河国家休闲步道，威拉米特国家森林的一部分。这条小径蜿蜒于湖泊、河流和泉水之间，引导您穿过荫蔽的古老森林。其中一个亮点是可以俯瞰塔莫利奇蓝池（Tamolich Blue Pool），这是一个清澈见底的游泳池，由河水注入其中而成。

Bridge on the McKenzie River Trail

Our photo shows Oregon's McKenzie River National Recreation Trail, part of the Willamette National Forest. This trail winds by lakes, rivers, and springs, guiding you through shady old-growth forests. One highlight: the view overlooking Tamolich Blue Pool, a crystal-clear pool created by the river bubbling up into it.

秋天的图林根森林与瓦特堡城堡，德国 Thuringian Forest in autumn with Wartburg Castle, Germany (© ezypix/Getty Images)

等等，这山上得有座城堡！ 'Wait, mountain—you shall bear my castle!'

俯瞰德国图林根森林的沃特堡城堡

当你浏览今天德国图林根森林树木变色的照片时，请注意远处的城堡。这就是瓦茨堡，一座建于中世纪的城堡，对有信仰的人来说意义重大。它是图林根天主教圣伊丽莎白的故乡，也是马丁·路德流亡期间将新约翻译成德语的地方。它是该地区最受欢迎的旅游景点，以其典型的中世纪建筑而闻名。

关于沃特堡的命名，有一些巧妙的文字游戏正在进行。”“Warte”是德语中“watchtower”和“wait”的意思传统认为，城堡的创建者惊呼“Warte，Berg du sollst mir eine Burg tragen！”或者“等等，大山，你将承受我的城堡！”看到位置后。注意那句引语中的“berg”和“burg”，它们分别翻译为山和堡垒。因此，在德国将单词拼凑在一起的伟大传统中，沃特堡这个名字应运而生。

如果你对这座城堡不感兴趣，那么素有“德国绿心”之称的图林根森林对游客来说也有其独特的魅力。德国最古老、最受欢迎的长途徒步旅行步道伦斯泰格（Rennsteig）在森林中绵延约110英里。如果你外出徒步旅行，你会注意到该地区总体上很安静，空气清新、无污染。你甚至可能会遇到一些小村庄，这些村庄遍布该地区，以欢迎外来者而闻名。

Wartburg Castle overlooking Thuringian Forest in Germany

As you glance over today's photo of the trees changing color in Thuringian Forest in Germany, make note of the castle in the distance. That's Wartburg, a castle built in the Middle Ages that holds significance to people of faith. It was the home of the Catholic Saint Elizabeth of Thuringia, and also where Martin Luther translated the New Testament into German while in exile. It's the area's most popular tourist attraction and has been recognized for its quintessential medieval architecture.

There's some clever wordplay going on regarding how Wartburg was named. 'Warte' is German for both 'watchtower' and 'wait.' Tradition suggests the castle's founder exclaimed 'Warte, Berg—du sollst mir eine Burg tragen!' or 'Wait, mountain—you shall bear my castle!' upon seeing the location. Note the 'berg' and 'burg' in that quote, which translate to mountain and fortress, respectively. And so in the grand German tradition of mashing words together, the name Wartburg came to be.

If the castle isn't of interest to you, Thuringian Forest, known as the Green Heart of Germany, has plenty of its own charm for tourists. The oldest and most popular long-distance hiking trail in Germany, the Rennsteig, runs for about 110 miles within the forest. If you're out for a hike you'll notice the general quietness of the area and fresh, unpolluted air. You may even happen upon the tiny villages that pepper the area and have a reputation for welcoming outsiders.

普雷维利峡谷里的河流和棕榈树森林，希腊克里特岛 Preveli Gorge with river and palm tree forest, South Chania, Crete, Greece (© borchee/Getty Images)

值得一去的魅力峡谷 A gorge-ous place to drop in

Prevali Gorge

Trojan War-era rest stop? Local legend has it that this striking and historic location in southern Crete was a stopover on Odysseus's long return to Ithica. Whatever credence you give to Homeric tales of island hopping, there's no denying the appeal of the palm-lined Preveli Gorge or the enchanting beach it pours out to. Preveli Beach, just out of the frame of this image, was a favorite spot for hippie travelers in the '60s and '70s and remains an idyllic tourist destination today.

Like most of the ancient, well-trodden Mediterranean islands, Crete—the largest of the many Greek isles—has a rich, epoch-spanning history. Here on Crete's southern coast, Preveli Gorge is home to an influential monastery with two building complexes: the Lower (Kato) Monastery of Saint John the Baptist and the Rear (Pisso) Monastery of Saint John the Theologian. The holy sites date back at least as far as the 16th century, and possibly had origins as far back as the 10th century.

During the long occupation of Crete by the Ottoman Empire, Preveli Monastery was a center of rebellion and patriotism, with monks often serving as leaders and warriors in the many revolts against the occupiers. After more than 250 years, Crete finally won its freedom and joined Greece in 1913. The monastery would again find itself at the center of world events when it provided shelter and supplies to Allied soldiers fighting German occupiers during World War II.

普雷瓦利峡谷

特洛伊战争时代休息停止？当地传说，这个位于克里特岛南部的引人注目的历史遗址是奥德修斯长期返回伊提卡的中途停留地。无论你如何相信荷马式的跳岛故事，都无法否认棕榈林环绕的普雷维利峡谷或它倾泻而出的迷人海滩的吸引力。普雷维利海滩，就在这张照片的框架之外，是60年代和70年代嬉皮士旅行者最喜欢的地方，今天仍然是一个田园诗般的旅游目的地。

克里特岛是希腊众多岛屿中最大的岛屿，与大多数古老、人迹罕至的地中海岛屿一样，有着丰富、跨越时代的历史。普雷维利峡谷位于克里特岛南部海岸，是一座有两座建筑群的有影响力的修道院的所在地：浸礼会圣约翰下（加藤）修道院和神学家圣约翰后（皮索）修道院。这些圣地至少可以追溯到16世纪，可能起源于10世纪。

在奥斯曼帝国长期占领克里特岛期间，普雷维利修道院是叛乱和爱国主义的中心，僧侣经常在许多反抗占领者的起义中担任领袖和战士。250多年后，克里特岛终于赢得了自由，并于1913年加入希腊。当修道院为二战期间与德国占领者作战的盟军士兵提供住所和物资时，它将再次成为世界事件的中心。

垂钓者的天堂 An angler's paradise

Hyalite Creek at Custer-Gallatin National Forest, Montana

Today we're taking a little fishing trip just south of Bozeman, Montana, to Hyalite Creek, which runs through Custer Gallatin National Forest. This is one of the most heavily visited recreation areas in Montana, especially for those who like to fish. Late 1800s logging operations in the surrounding forest damaged the habitat for trout in Hyalite Creek, but stream restoration projects have increased trout populations to such an extent that this is now considered a world-class destination for fly fishing.

Even if you're not the fishing type, the ecologically diverse landscapes of Custer Gallatin National Forest will delight most any visitor. Stretching across more than 3 million acres, there's plenty of hiking, camping, and mountain climbing to be had. If you're up for something a little different, hop over to Grasshopper Glacier in the Beartooth Mountains. Entombed inside the ice are millions of the now extinct Rocky Mountain locusts that were trapped long ago while swarming during severe storms.

蒙大拿州卡斯特加拉廷国家森林的Hyalite溪

今天，我们将在蒙大拿州博兹曼南部进行一次小钓鱼之旅，前往穿过卡斯特加拉廷国家森林的Hyalite Creek。这是蒙大拿州游客最多的休闲区之一，尤其是对于那些喜欢钓鱼的人来说。19世纪后期，在周围森林进行的伐木作业破坏了Hyalite Creek鳟鱼的栖息地，但河流恢复项目增加了鳟鱼的数量，以至于现在这里被认为是世界级的飞钓目的地。

即使你不是钓鱼爱好者，卡斯特·加拉廷国家森林的生态多样性景观也会让所有游客感到愉悦。绵延300多万英亩，有大量的徒步旅行、露营和登山活动。如果你想做一些不同的事情，那就跳到Beartooth山脉的Grasshopper Glacier。数百万现已灭绝的落基山脉蝗虫被埋在冰中，这些蝗虫很久以前就被困在暴风雨中成群结队。

上面的空气怎么样？ How's the air up there?

Monteverde Cloud Forest in Costa Rica

Today we're taking a walk through the clouds to visit one of the most beautiful and biodiverse places on the planet. Costa Rica's Monteverde Cloud Forest is in the Tilarán mountain range 5,000 feet above sea level. Hundreds of different animal species and thousands of insect and plant species call the forest home. Diligent nature lovers could count nearly 700 different types of butterflies and 500 different species of orchids during a visit. Famous in the scientific community, the forest also attracts more than 70,000 tourists a year.

You may be wondering, what exactly is a 'cloud forest?' Different than a rainforest, they're forests high enough above sea level to be covered by persistent mist and fog generated by the forest's own evaporating moisture. This makes for a damp and humid, yet cool environment. Generally tropical, they're pretty rare. Only 1% of the current global woodland is considered true cloud forest. Entirely dependent on an area's local climate, it is expected that many of the 736 locations currently identified as cloud forests will be strongly impacted and altered in the coming years. Monteverde, in fact, is known as the location where the first climate-related species extinction was recorded—in the 1980s, the golden toad fell victim to a parasitic fungus that spread into the area due to the changing climate.

哥斯达黎加蒙特维德云林

今天，我们将在云层中漫步，参观地球上最美丽、生物多样性最强的地方之一。哥斯达黎加的蒙特维德云林位于海拔5000英尺的蒂拉兰山脉。数百种不同的动物物种和数千种昆虫和植物物种称之为森林之家。勤奋的自然爱好者在一次参观中可以数出近700种不同类型的蝴蝶和500种不同种类的兰花。这片森林在科学界享有盛誉，每年也吸引了70000多名游客。

你可能想知道，“云林”到底是什么与雨林不同的是，它们的海拔高度足以被森林自身蒸发水分产生的持续雾所覆盖。这就形成了一个潮湿而凉爽的环境。通常是热带地区，它们非常罕见。目前全球只有1%的林地被认为是真正的云林。完全取决于一个地区的当地气候，预计目前被确定为云林的736个地点中的许多将在未来几年受到强烈影响和改变。事实上，蒙特维德是20世纪80年代记录的第一个与气候相关物种灭绝的地方，金蟾是一种寄生真菌的受害者，这种真菌由于气候变化而传播到该地区。

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