标签 城堡 下的文章

香波城堡,中央-卢瓦尔河谷大区,法国 (© Susanne Kremer/eStock Photo)

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香波城堡,中央-卢瓦尔河谷大区,法国 (© Susanne Kremer/eStock Photo)

介于文艺复兴与独创性之间

香波城堡,法国

你知道香波城堡吗?这个古建筑是法国文艺复兴时期的一颗“明珠”,其建筑灵感来源于法国国王弗朗西斯一世和著名画家达·芬奇。香波城堡的设计者是谁一直存在争议,至今没有定论,但可以确定的是,它的建筑特色受到了达·芬奇的影响。1515年马里尼亚诺战役后,弗朗西斯一世被意大利壮丽的建筑吸引,倾慕于达·芬奇的才华,他邀请达·芬奇来到法国宫廷担任艺术家和总工程师。香波城堡的中心平面设计和双螺旋楼梯见证了这一非凡的合作。主楼是这座建筑的真正核心,它融合了中世纪的宏伟与文艺复兴时期的创新,展示出了一种独特的引人注目的建筑风格。时流转,这座古老的建筑见证着荣耀与兴衰,艺术、历史和技术在这里相遇,为游客们创造出一种难忘的体验。

姬路城,姫路,兵库县,日本 Himeji Castle, Himeji, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan (© Julian Elliott Photography/Getty Images)

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姬路城,姫路,兵库县,日本 Himeji Castle, Himeji, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan (© Julian Elliott Photography/Getty Images)

皇家景观 A royal view

姬路城,兵库县,日本

从“草莓日”到“猫日”,甚至“蔬菜日”,日本有一系列“谐音节日”,这些节日都来源于駄洒落(一种用读音相同或相近的词汇来玩乐的日本文字游戏,与英语中的双关语类似)。今天的日期是4月6日,而日语中的“shiro”(城堡)这个词恰好是由“shi”(4)和“ro”(6)组成的。因此,这一天就成为了庆祝城堡的日子。还有什么比城堡日更好的机会来了解日本最大、游客最多的城堡——姬路城呢?它的历史可以追溯到1333年,是联合国教科文组织认定的世界遗产,拥有先进的防御设计和五个国宝级建筑。

Castle Day in Japan

From Strawberry Day to Cat Day and even Vegetable Day, Japan has a list of faux holidays, which are the clever results of 'dajare' or word plays. Today's date, April 6, makes up the Japanese word for castle, 'shiro' from 'shi' (4) and 'ro' (6). Hence, the celebration of castles. What better opportunity than Castle Day, to learn about the country's largest and most-visited castle, Himeji Castle? Dating back to 1333, this UNESCO World Heritage Site boasts an advanced defensive design and five National Treasure structures. The castle has also withstood time and nature's fury, surviving the bombings of World War II and the Great Hanshin earthquake in 1995. Nearly 700 years of glory, local legends, and ghost stories reverberate through the 83 rooms of this hilltop fortress. Would you care to explore?

班堡城堡,诺森伯兰郡,英格兰 Bamburgh Castle, Northumberland, England (© Blackbeck/Getty Images)

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班堡城堡,诺森伯兰郡,英格兰 Bamburgh Castle, Northumberland, England (© Blackbeck/Getty Images)

随波逐流 Grow with the flow

班堡城堡,诺森伯兰郡,英格兰

班堡城堡坐落在英格兰诺森伯兰郡班堡地区,矗立在海岸旁边突出的黑色火山岩上。图中所展示的是班堡沙丘,班堡城堡和附近的海滩就掩映在该地区独特的沙质地貌中。班堡城堡曾经是盎格鲁-撒克逊人的战略要塞,经过几个世纪的演变,形成了如今这座宏伟的建筑。这座城堡在抵御维京人的入侵中曾发挥了关键作用。然而,北欧人摧毁了城堡最初的防御工事,之后在中世纪期间又对其进行了重大改造。城堡还是古代诺森伯兰王国的所在地,这是一个中世纪的盎格鲁-撒克逊王国,位于今天的英格兰北部和苏格兰东南部。班堡城堡面朝北海,被生机盎然的绿草所环绕,怀抱如此美景,班堡城堡成为了许多电影的取景地,比如《麦克白》、《夺宝奇兵:命运之盘》、《艾芬豪》等。

Bamburgh Castle, Northumberland, England

Bamburgh Castle perches on a crag of volcanic rock, overlooking sand dunes and the coast of Northumberland, England. The fortress, once a strategic Anglo-Saxon stronghold, evolved over centuries into the imposing structure seen today. The site was the seat of the ancient Northumbrian kingdom—an early medieval Anglo-Saxon kingdom covering present-day northern England and southeast Scotland. The original castle was destroyed by invading Vikings in 993 and a new castle was built here by the Normans. Today's castle is the result of various restorations in the 18th, 19th, and early 20th centuries. After surviving its share of attacks, Bamburgh Castle has made its way to the limelight due to its impressive silhouette against the North Sea, featuring in productions like 'Macbeth,' 'Indiana Jones and the Dial of Destiny,' and 'Ivanhoe.'

贾斯旺萨达陵墓和梅兰加尔古堡,焦特布尔,拉贾斯坦邦,印度 (© Twenty47studio/Getty images)

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贾斯旺萨达陵墓和梅兰加尔古堡,焦特布尔,拉贾斯坦邦印度 (© Twenty47studio/Getty images)

百年城堡

焦特布尔的梅兰加尔古堡

夕阳西下,印度拉贾斯坦邦的焦特布尔市沐浴在温暖的芒中,一幅神奇的景象徐徐展开。坐落在岩石山顶上的梅兰加尔古堡矗立于这片景色中,这里曾是拉索尔王朝的权力中心,见证了荣耀和挑战。这座城堡始建于1459年,由当时的统治者拉奥·约达创建,至今已经有500多年的历史。

这座堡垒不仅是一处遗迹,更是拉贾斯坦邦的文化瑰宝。在这座城堡蜿蜒的深处,过去的秘密在一连串的宫殿中重现。从珍珠宫、镜宫、武器宫到宫和藏宝阁,这些建筑瑰宝各有各的故事,是拉贾斯坦邦辉煌历史的篇章。再往前走,这里的博物馆展示了皇室专用的轿子、华丽的穹顶塔和乐器。


天鹅堡和旧天鹅堡,巴伐利亚阿尔卑斯山,德国 Neuschwanstein and Hohenschwangau Castles, Bavarian Alps, Germany (© Harald Nachtmann/Getty Images)

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天鹅堡和旧天鹅堡,巴伐利亚阿尔卑斯山德国 Neuschwanstein and Hohenschwangau Castles, Bavarian Alps, Germany (© Harald Nachtmann/Getty Images)

童话故事中的场景 Straight out of a fairy tale

新天鹅堡和旧天鹅堡,巴伐利亚,德国

巴伐利亚阿尔卑斯是德国南部一座雄伟的山脉,拥有两座城堡:新天鹅堡和旧天鹅堡。新天鹅堡是19世纪由巴伐利亚国王路德维希二世委托建造的罗曼式复兴宫殿,以童话般的建筑、塔楼和令人叹为观止的山景而闻名。越过山谷,远眺阿尔卑斯,是同样壮观的旧天鹅堡,由路德维希二世的父亲,巴伐利亚国王马克西米连二世建造。这两座城堡拥有奢华的内部装饰、丰富的艺术品和历史文物,每年都有数百万游客前往,一窥巴伐利亚的辉煌历史。

Neuschwanstein and Hohenschwangau castles, Bavaria, Germany

The Bavarian Alps, a mountain range in southern Germany, are home to these enchanting 19th-century castles, Neuschwanstein and Hohenschwangau. Neuschwanstein Castle, on the left of our homepage image, was commissioned by King Ludwig II of Bavaria. Building work began in 1869 on this Romanesque Revival palace with its fairy-tale-like architecture and breathtaking mountain backdrop. Across the valley, gazing out over Lake Alpsee, is the equally spectacular Hohenschwangau Castle, built by Ludwig II's father, King Maximilian II of Bavaria. These two castles boast rich interiors with intricate artwork and historical artifacts. Both castles attract millions of visitors every year, offering a glimpse into the opulent past of Bavaria.

什未林湖上的什未林城堡,梅克伦堡-前波美拉尼亚州,德国 (© Hannes Wendt/Shutterstock)

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什未林上的什未林城堡,梅克伦堡-前波美拉尼亚州,德国 (© Hannes Wendt/Shutterstock)

童话中的城堡

什未林城堡,什未林市,梅克伦堡-前波美拉尼亚州

与大多数的德国城堡一样,什未林城堡就像是从童话故事中走出来的。它最早的雏形可追溯至941年。研究表明,它是由西斯拉夫奥博特人部落建造的。这个部落生活在现在的梅克伦堡-前波美拉尼亚州和波兰,尤其是波罗的海的南部海岸。从12世纪起,该部落就被基督教化,并被德国和丹麦统治者进行政治整合。

说回城堡,16世纪,约翰·阿尔布雷希特一世公爵将什未林城堡扩建成一座宏伟的文艺复兴时期的府邸,这标志着中世纪建筑向现代建筑的过渡。到了19世纪,建筑师乔治·阿道夫·丹姆勒按照浪漫的新哥特式风格对城堡进行了重新设计,最终,这座城堡被修建成我们今天所看到的样子。

几个世纪以来,什未林城堡一直是梅克伦堡-什未林大公的府邸,后来成为艺术和文化中心。此外,城堡里还有一些令人印象深刻的艺术藏品。若有机会,你可以去参观一下什未林州立博物馆,从内部欣赏这座宏伟的城堡。


科奇城堡,Tongwynlais,卡迪夫,威尔士,英国,欧洲 (© Billy Stock/robertharding/Alamy Stock Photo)

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科奇城堡,Tongwynlais,卡迪夫,威尔士英国,欧洲 (© Billy Stock/robertharding/Alamy Stock Photo)

童话城堡

科奇城堡,威尔士

科奇城堡坐落在威尔士的一座木繁茂的山丘上,该城堡的名字在威尔士语中的意思是“红色城堡”,著名建筑师威廉·伯吉斯是它的设计师。这座城堡的内部装饰颇为奢华,犹如一首由繁复的雕刻工艺、鲜艳的彩色玻璃和奢华的家具交织而成的华丽交响乐。城堡的独特外形和维多利亚时期的内部设计充分展示了设计师的才华。其设计融合了中世纪的底蕴及19世纪的创新,被誉为英国哥特式复兴的典范。城堡的四周树林密布,从远处望去,宛若童话世界。这片山毛榉森林拥有丰富的植被,包括蝴蝶兰、燕窝兰和多年生靛等稀有植物,具有特殊的科考价值,因而被保护起来了。


上巴尔城堡,阿尔萨斯,法国 Haut-Barr Castle, Alsace, France (© Andrea Pistolesi/Getty Images)

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上巴尔城堡,阿尔萨斯,法国 Haut-Barr Castle, Alsace, France (© Andrea Pistolesi/Getty Images)

你知道“阿尔萨斯之眼”吗? Did you know the "Eye of Alsace"?

上巴尔城堡,孚日省

上巴尔城堡是一座位于阿尔萨斯北部,海拔450米的中世纪堡垒。它建于1170年,几个世纪以来经历了重大改造和修复。该城堡的建造由斯特拉斯堡的主教发起,旨在监视佐恩山谷和阿尔萨斯平原,因此被赋予了富有诗意的绰号“阿尔萨斯之眼”。天气晴朗时,甚至可以看到斯特拉斯堡大教堂的尖顶。

这座城堡建在三块岩石上,由一座被称为“魔鬼”的桥梁连接起来。相传这座桥是由魔鬼建造的,因为普通人很难造出如此坚固的桥梁。在传说中,一个化身为小贩的魔鬼出现在城堡入口,提出可以帮助建造这座桥。但作为交换,他要向第一个过桥的生物索要灵魂。为了避免牺牲人类的灵魂,据说主教们派了一只动物先过桥。看来,即使是魔鬼有时也敌不过人类的智慧。

Haut-Barr Castle, Vosges

Haut-Barr Castle is a medieval fortress situated at an altitude of 450 meters (1,476 ft), in northern Alsace. Built in 1170, it underwent significant transformations and restorations during the centuries. Its construction was initiated by the bishops of Strasbourg with the purpose of overseeing the Zorn Valley and the Alsace plain, earning it the evocative nickname "the eye of Alsace." On a clear day, it is possible to catch a glimpse of the spire of Strasbourg Cathedral.

The castle, constructed on three rocks, is connected by a bridge, known as "the Devil's Bridge." Legend has it that its construction is attributed to the devil as it would have been impossible for anyone to build such a sturdy bridge. The tale goes that a devil disguised as a peddler appeared at the castle's entrance and offered his services to build the bridge. In exchange, he asked for the soul of the first creature to cross it. To avoid sacrificing a human soul, the bishops reportedly sent an animal to cross the bridge first. Even the devil sometimes struggles to compete with the deceit of others!

桑佩伦山上的菲泽尔城堡,匈牙利 Füzér Castle in the Zemplén Mountains, Hungary (© ZGPhotography/Alamy)

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桑佩伦上的菲泽尔城堡匈牙利 Füzér Castle in the Zemplén Mountains, Hungary (© ZGPhotography/Alamy)

这片迷密布的树林里潜藏着什么? What lurks in these misty woods?

桑佩伦山上的菲泽尔城堡,匈牙利

匈牙利是一个历史悠久、风景迷人的国家,也是一个拥有众多城堡的宝库。从布达佩斯那拥有富丽堂皇的建筑并可以俯瞰多瑙河美景的布达城堡,到因成功抵御近四万土耳其大军而闻名的埃格尔城堡,每座城堡都讲述着各自关于战争、皇室和文化演变的故事。

位于在桑佩伦山脉顶端的菲泽尔城堡就是其中之一,其历史可以追溯至13世纪。菲泽尔城堡坐落在海拔约1800英尺的火山之上,在历史上也占有一席之地。1526年,匈牙利王室的拥护者彼得·佩瑞尼在摩哈赤战役后曾在这座古老的石墙内避难。沦为废墟多年之后,小教堂于2016年得到修复,城堡的下半部分也已重建,可谓恢复不少昔日荣。而游客中心开设的展览,在讲述城堡历史的同时也向人们展示了整个村庄丰富的自然和文化遗产。

Füzér Castle in the Zemplén Mountains, Hungary

Hungary is a country blessed with stunning landscapes and a host of historic castles. From the opulent Buda Castle in Budapest, with its commanding views of the Danube, to Eger Castle, renowned for its heroic defense against the Turks, each site has a story to tell.

Our homepage image shows one such stronghold, Füzér Castle, which crowns the Zemplén Mountains near Hungary's northern border and dates back to the 13th century. Perched at an elevation of over 1,800 feet above sea level, this castle stands on a mountain of volcanic origin. Here, within its ancient stone walls, the crown of Hungary was hidden following the country's defeat by the Ottoman Empire in the 1526 Battle of Mohács. After years of ruin, the castle's chapel was restored in 2016, and the keep was rebuilt to its former glory.

洛夫里耶纳克堡,西港,杜布罗夫尼克,克罗地亚 Fort Lovrijenac, West Harbor, Dubrovnik, Croatia (© Benny Marty/Shutterstock)

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洛夫里耶纳克堡,西杜布罗夫尼克克罗地亚 Fort Lovrijenac, West Harbor, Dubrovnik, Croatia (© Benny Marty/Shutterstock)

小心龙出没! Watch out for dragons!

杜布罗夫尼克,克罗地亚

来到克罗地亚的杜布罗夫尼克,你可能会本能地警惕入侵的舰队或空中的巨龙,不过放心,你更有可能遇到的是游客,而不是兰尼斯特家族。美剧《权力的游戏》经常在这里取景拍摄,因为杜布罗夫尼克老城是世界上保存最完好的中世纪城市之一。历史上,杜布罗夫尼克曾以“拉古萨共和国”的身份蓬勃发展了数百年,通过灵活的外交和强大的航海贸易保持独立。这颗“亚得里亚海的明珠”也经历过炮火和大地震,但重建后的城市依然充满生机。古城墙、教堂博物馆艺术等文化遗产都是吸引游客前往杜布罗夫尼克的原因,最近的一份报告显示,2019年,杜布罗夫尼克平均每位居民接待了36名游客。

Dubrovnik, Croatia

Though you might instinctively watch out for invading fleets or dragons overhead, you're more likely to encounter a tourist than a Lannister in the Croatian city of Dubrovnik. As you may know, 'Game of Thrones' filmed here frequently throughout the run of the show, and you can scarcely blame them; Dubrovnik's Old Town is one of the best-preserved medieval cities in the world. For centuries it flourished as the Republic of Ragusa, maintaining independence through diplomacy and robust trade networks. This 'Pearl of the Adriatic' has withstood military bombardments and devastating earthquakes, yet the city has always rebuilt and persevered. While pop culture, history, and UNESCO World Heritage Site status are all big draws, they might be too effective: A recent report estimated that in 2019 there were 36 tourists for every resident.