标签城堡下的文章

乌特湖的克拉夫特城堡，卡文郡，爱尔兰 Cloughoughter Castle in Lough Oughter, County Cavan, Ireland (© 4H4 PH/Shutterstock)

古老的中世纪奇迹 A time-worn medieval marvel

克拉夫特城堡，卡文郡，爱尔兰

克拉夫特城堡位于爱尔兰卡文郡，坐落在一个湖中小岛上。据说，这座城堡起初是由盎格鲁-诺曼人在13世纪初建造的。城堡的圆柱形结构美观且实用，既能控制水道，又能为周围区域提供防御。在接下来的几个世纪里，这座城堡和周围的土地几经易主，直到1653年被炸毁遗弃，只剩断壁残垣。克拉夫特城堡是爱尔兰中世纪遗产的象征，对于历史爱好者和城堡爱好者来说是必看之地。

Cloughoughter Castle, County Cavan, Ireland

Cloughoughter Castle sits on a small island in the middle of Lough Oughter, a huge complex of lakes and waterways in County Cavan in Ireland. Its first stones are thought to have been laid in the early 13th century by the Anglo-Norman de Lacy family, but the O'Reilly clan took possession of the area in 1233 and completed the castle's construction. They retained control of Cloughoughter Castle for centuries, but by 1653, it had been bombed and abandoned. Since then, it has been in ruins, resplendent in a sort of tattered grandeur. It can only be visited by boat but, as a symbol of Ireland's medieval heritage, it is a must-see for history and castle enthusiasts alike.

从意大利圣天使城堡俯瞰罗马 (© sborisov/Getty Images)

超凡脱俗的风景

罗马，意大利

今天的照片是从圣天使堡（又称哈德良陵墓）拍下的罗马美景。圣天使堡是由罗马帝国皇帝哈德良所修建，用作自己和后代的陵墓。除他之外，还有许多皇帝被葬在这里，公元217年的卡拉卡拉是最后一位。

从中世纪到19世纪，这座建筑被改造成了保卫罗马的堡垒，梵蒂冈也因此没有落入西哥特人和汪达尔人手中。1365年左右，圣天使堡成为了教会的财产。而在意大利统一后，这座建筑最终成为了博物馆，教会也就随之失去了它的所有权。

即使在今天，这座雄伟的建筑仍然吸引着数百万来自世界各地的游客，一直是罗马游客最多的博物馆之一。

维朗德里城堡及花园，卢瓦尔河谷，法国 Château de Villandry and its garden, Loire Valley, France (© VLADJ55/Shutterstock)

奢华的迷宫 A labyrinth of luxury

维朗德里城堡，法国

法国的维朗德里城堡以其精美绝伦的花园出名。它的花园也被认为是一个文艺复兴时期园林设计的典范。花园被细分成了不同的区域，有着几何纹路、生机盎然的花床、静谧的水景和精心修建的树篱。每个区域都有其主题，有的有装饰性，有的有实用性，缤纷的色彩和纹路相交织，美不胜收。城堡的花园体现了建筑设计和自然的和谐关系，其美景和艺术创造力使游客为之着迷。

Château de Villandry, France

The Château de Villandry in France is renowned for its exquisite gardens that are considered a masterpiece of Renaissance horticulture. The gardens, which are divided into sections, feature geometric patterns, vibrant flowerbeds, serene water elements, and meticulously trimmed hedges. Each section has its own theme, ranging from ornamental to practical, and is bursting with a stunning blend of colors and textures. The château's gardens showcase the harmonious relationship between architecture and nature. Stunning gardens have surrounded the château since it was built in 1532, but their appearance changed drastically over the centuries. After Joachim Carvallo acquired the estate, he spent 10 years from 1918 reinventing and restoring the Renaissance formal gardens. Other elements have been added in the decades since and the gardens continue to captivate visitors to this day.

科孚岛旧城堡 The Old Fortress of Corfu, Greece (© Netfalls Remy Musser/Shutterstock)

历史在这里复活 Where history comes alive

旧城堡，科孚岛，希腊

希腊科孚岛的旧城堡矗立在半岛的尖端，现在是科孚公共图书馆和档案馆的所在地。这座城堡历史悠久，可以追溯到拜占庭时期。6世纪，入侵者袭击了科孚，促使幸存者建造了一个被城堡包围的新村庄。后来在威尼斯统治期间，城堡又经历了加固改建，以抵御奥斯曼军队的侵扰。数个世纪以来，这座希腊地标见证了当地的巨大变化以及几个帝国的兴衰。

Old Fortress, Corfu, Greece

This imposing structure is the Old Fortress on the Greek island of Corfu, off the western coasts of Greece and Albania. Situated in a strategic location between the Ionian and Adriatic seas, Corfu became one of the most fortified places in Europe amid successive sieges by the Ottoman Empire. The island was ruled by the Republic of Venice for 400 years until the late 18th century, which built forts in Corfu's Old Town to defend its maritime trading interests. They held off three Ottoman sieges in 1537, 1571, and 1716 but have been repaired, rebuilt, and added to over the centuries. The Old Fortress has witnessed the rise and fall of mighty empires for hundreds of years, from the tip of a rocky peninsula jutting into the sea. These days, however, it is home to the public library and Corfu's archives.

从纳哈加尔城堡鸟瞰斋浦尔，印度 (© Sean3810/iStock/Getty Images Plus)

宏伟的堡垒和宫殿

纳哈加尔城堡，拉贾斯坦邦，印度

纳哈加尔堡矗立于阿拉瓦利山脉的一座山脊上，为斋浦尔增添了一道雄伟而壮丽的背景。它始建于1734年，又于1868年经历了扩建。纳哈加尔，意为老虎的住所，如同强大的壁垒，保卫斋浦尔抵御敌人的攻击。

城堡内有印度王室成员的夏季度假宫殿，包含12间为王后准备的会客室，还有给国王准备的套房，这些房间通过走廊相连，走廊上装饰着精美壁画。如今，这里是非常受当地人欢迎的野餐目的地。夜间，这座堡垒在泛光灯的照耀下光彩夺目，与斋浦尔这座粉红之城交相辉映。

吕贝克的霍尔斯滕门，德国 The Holsten Gate in Lübeck, Germany (© Harald Nachtmann/Getty Images)

纪念硬币上的著名建筑 Famous on commemorative coins

霍尔斯滕门，吕贝克，德国

霍尔斯滕门是一座城门，标志着汉萨同盟城市吕贝克旧中心的西部边界。
砖砌哥特式建筑建于1464年，是吕贝克中世纪城市防御工事的遗迹之一，也是现存的两座城门之一，另一座是城堡门 (Burgtor)。
它以其两个圆形的塔楼和拱形入口而闻名，今天被视为这座城市的象征。

1950年，Holsten Gate 再次成为博物馆，这次是为了展示市政历史。展示了历史悠久的吕贝克遗物，以模型和图片展示了中世纪吕贝克的发展，展示了汉萨同盟舰船模型和旗舰“吕贝克之鹰”。

Holsten Gate, Lübeck, Germany

The Holsten Gate is a city gate marking off the western boundary of the old center of the Hanseatic city of Lübeck. Built-in 1464, the Brick Gothic construction is one of the relics of Lübeck's medieval city fortifications and one of two remaining city gates, the other being the Citadel Gate (Burgtor). Known for its two-round towers and arched entrance, it is regarded today as a symbol of the city.

In 1950 the Holsten Gate was again a museum, this time for municipal history. Relics from historic Lübeck were presented, the development of medieval Lübeck was shown by using models and pictures, and models of the ships of the Hanseatic League and the flagship "Eagle of Lübeck" were exhibited.

艾琳多南堡，苏格兰高地 (© VisualCommunications/Getty Images)

湖滨城堡

艾琳多南堡，苏格兰

艾琳多南堡坐落在苏格兰三个湖泊的交汇处，其宁静的表面下，是数个世纪的风云动荡。维京人、封建贵族和起义军来来去去，在这个苏格兰西部高地的湖滨城堡里留下了他们的足迹。

艾琳多南城堡始建于13世纪，用来防御维京人。后来，艾琳多南城堡经历了至少四次重建。中世纪时，这座城堡大部分时间都处于麦肯齐家族及其盟友马克雷家族的掌控下。1719年詹姆斯党人叛乱期间，艾琳多南城堡被英国皇家海军的炮弹摧毁，荒废了200年。

艾琳多南城堡位于杜伊奇湖、朗湖和阿尔什湖的交汇处。1911年，陆军中校约翰·麦克雷-吉尔斯特拉普买下它，用了20多年的时间重建城堡，并于1932年对外开放。重建时，城堡还新增了一座石桥，跨湖连接陆地，让城堡变得更加实用、美观和现代。现在，艾琳多南堡已成为苏格兰高地最受欢迎的景点之一，它的形象经常出现在包装和广告上。

冬天的乐趣 Good cold fun

魁北克冬季嘉年华

在2月大斋节之前，世界各地会举办庆祝活动，其中广为人知的活动大多位于气候温暖的城市，如里约热内卢和新奥尔良，在圣灰星期三（大斋节首日）之前，狂欢者们会穿着精美的服装狂欢。而魁北克冬季嘉年华则截然不同，正如我们今天的照片展示的那样，这里的庆祝活动充满冬日氛围，有冰雕、雪橇比赛等等冬天才有的特色活动。如今，魁北克的冬季嘉年华已经成为整个西半球规模最大的冬季节日。

Quebec City, Quebec, Canada

Among all the pre-Lenten celebrations that take place around the world in February, the most famous are associated with warm-weather cities like Rio and New Orleans, where revelers party it up in elaborate costumes during the run-up to Ash Wednesday. It's a different affair in Quebec City, pictured here, where participants in the Quebec Winter Carnival enjoy all things winter, from snow sculptures to sleigh races. This former frontier outpost, and little sister to Montreal, is known for its spirited embrace of the coldest, darkest season. No surprise that its winter festival is the biggest in the Western Hemisphere.

日出时分的古老城堡 The old castle at sunrise

皮埃尔丰城堡，法国皮卡第大区

皮埃尔丰城堡拥有丰富而复杂的历史，可追溯到中世纪。它建于14世纪，由法国国王查理六世的兄弟路易斯·奥尔良 (Louis d'Orléans) 在一座古老城堡的废墟上建造。在17世纪初被路易十三的军队围困并拆除后，这座城堡一直是废墟，直到19世纪拿破仑三世要求建筑师Viollet-le-Duc对其进行修复。这将使用创新的重建技术来修复城堡受损的部分。

Chateau de Pierrefonds, France

Pierrefonds Castle has a rich and complex history dating back to the Middle Ages. It was built in the 14th century by Louis d'Orléans, brother of King Charles VI of France, on the ruins of an older castle. After being besieged and then dismantled at the beginning of the 17th century by the troops of Louis XIII, the castle remained in ruins until the 19th century when Napoleon III asked the architect Viollet-le-Duc to restore it. This will use innovative reconstruction techniques to restore the damaged parts of the castle.

正如童话一般 Fit for a fairytale

德国斯图加特附近的霍亨索伦城堡

迷人的霍亨索伦城堡经过三次重建后，是真的魅力非凡。这座城堡位于霍亨索伦山顶，修建于11世纪，但大部分建筑在1423年长达10个月的围攻中被摧毁，直到几十年后才得以重建。之后它成为了一个重要的战略据点，然而后来它再次失修。19世纪，普鲁士国王腓特烈·威廉四世（他因在德国各地建造了许多伟大的建筑而闻名）在这里建造了一座新的城堡，几乎完全替换了这座城堡15世纪的建筑结构。如今，霍亨索伦城堡已成为一座露天博物馆，每年接待超过35万名游客，是德国参观人数最多的城堡之一。

Hohenzollern Castle near Stuttgart, Germany

For the charming Hohenzollern Castle, the third time really was the charm. Constructed on the top of Hohenzollern Mountain in the 11th century, the castle was largely ruined by a 10-month siege in 1423, only to be rebuilt a few decades later. It then served as an important strategic stronghold before again falling into disrepair. In the 19th century, King Frederick William IV of Prussia, best remembered for his commitment to building great works across Germany, had a new castle built on the grounds, replacing almost all the 15th-century construction. Today, Hohenzollern Castle is an open-air museum that hosts more than 350,000 visitors per year, making it one of the most-visited castles in Germany.

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