杰灵的斯科茨布拉夫国家纪念碑, 内布拉斯加州,美国 Scotts Bluff National Monument in Gering, Nebraska (© Hawk Buckman/Getty Images)
杰灵的斯科茨布拉夫国家纪念碑, 内布拉斯加州,美国 Scotts Bluff National Monument in Gering, Nebraska (© Hawk Buckman/Getty Images)
彩绘的云,静默的悬崖 Painted clouds, still cliffs
斯科茨布拉夫国家纪念碑, 内布拉斯加州
在GPS问世之前,像斯科茨布卢夫(Scotts Bluff)这样的自然地标就已高耸于大草原之上,为西行的旅人指明方向。在1887年杰林镇(Gering)建镇之前,以及内布拉斯加州于1867年成为美国州份的数十年之前,这些砂岩和泥岩地貌已然引导着成千上万的旅人沿着俄勒冈小径、加利福尼亚小径和摩门教徒小径前行。斯科茨布卢夫国家纪念碑(Scotts Bluff National Monument)以皮毛商人希拉姆·斯科特(Hiram Scott)命名,他曾是落基山皮毛公司(Rocky Mountain Fur Company)的成员,于19世纪20年代在附近地区因神秘原因去世。
如今,这座占地近3000英亩的纪念碑包括两座主要悬崖——北部的斯科茨悬崖和南部的南悬崖。它还保护着五处显著的岩石突起:圆顶岩、鹰岩、皇冠岩、马鞍岩和哨兵岩。在地面上,骡鹿与黑尾草原犬鼠一同觅食,而豺狼在周围游荡,短草在风中摇曳。更高处,景观发生变化,刺叶丝兰和耐寒灌木依附于岩石斜坡,而大角羊则轻松地在悬崖间穿行。尽管马车早已消失,斯科茨悬崖仍作为历史与地形的向导屹立不倒。
Scotts Bluff National Monument, Gering, Nebraska
Long before GPS, natural landmarks like Scotts Bluff rose high above the prairie, signaling to travelers that they were on the right path heading west. Before Gering became a town in 1887 and decades before Nebraska achieved statehood in 1867, these sandstone and siltstone formations were already guiding thousands along the Oregon, California, and Mormon Trails. Scotts Bluff National Monument is named after Hiram Scott, a fur trader with the Rocky Mountain Fur Company who died under mysterious circumstances nearby in the 1820s.
Today, the nearly 3,000-acre monument includes two main bluffs—Scotts Bluff to the north and South Bluff. It also protects five prominent outcroppings: Dome Rock, Eagle Rock, Crown Rock, Saddle Rock, and Sentinel Rock. At ground level, mule deer graze alongside black-tailed prairie dogs, while coyotes prowl and short grasses ripple in the wind. Higher up, the landscape shifts, spiny yuccas and hardy shrubs cling to rocky slopes, and bighorn sheep navigate the cliffs with ease. Though the wagons are long gone, Scotts Bluff still stands as a guide through both history and terrain.