标签灯塔下的文章

起点灯塔，德文郡，英国 Start Point Lighthouse, South Devon, England (© Guy Edwardes/Minden Pictures)

海上哨兵 Sentinel of the sea

国际灯塔周

每年8月的第三个周末，世界各地的灯塔爱好者和航海历史爱好者都会聚在一起庆祝国际灯塔周，纪念这些标志性建筑的悠久历史和关键作用。人们可以走进这些灯塔，亲眼见证这些巨大的灯塔通过将灯光、仪器和精密的工程技术巧妙地结合在一起来发挥作用。

起点灯塔就是这些灯塔中的一座，它高高地矗立在英国德文郡崎岖的悬崖上，俯瞰着英吉利海峡。这座优雅的灯塔建于1836年，由英国土木工程师詹姆斯·沃克设计，其明亮的光束指引着船只安全通行。这个日子也提醒着我们，灯塔在航海历史中起到的重要作用。

International Lighthouse Weekend

To mark International Lighthouse Weekend, we're on England's southwest coast, where Start Point Lighthouse looks out over the turbulent waters of the English Channel. The lighthouse is perched upon a rugged cliff on one of the country's most exposed peninsulas, which stretches nearly a mile into the sea in the county of Devon. Built in 1836, the elegant lighthouse was designed by civil engineer James Walker in the Gothic style, as seen in its castle-like parapet. It has undergone many changes since then and more accommodation was added in the 1870s, but no lighthouse keepers live there now—it has been automated since 1993.

博迪岛灯塔，马头城，北卡罗来纳州，美国 Bodie Island Lighthouse, Nags Head, North Carolina (© Michael Ver Sprill/Getty Images)

地上一点，天上万千 One on land, a million in space

博迪岛灯塔，北卡罗来纳州，美国

作为信标、警告、亦是希望和回家的象征，灯塔已经存在了几千年。几个世纪以来，科技一直在进步，如今的灯塔技术远非几百年前的灯塔可比，人们在20英里之外就能看见现代灯塔的灯光。今天照片里展示的是始建于1872年的博迪岛灯塔，它俯瞰一片被称为大西洋坟场的海域。自建成之日起它就在和头顶群星争辉，指引水手回到安全的港湾。

National Lighthouse Day

Happy National Lighthouse Day! A beacon, a warning, and a symbol of hope and home, lighthouses have existed for thousands of years. The earliest known was the Pharos of Alexandria, which stood an estimated 330 feet tall. Built by the ancient Egyptians in the 3rd century BCE, an open fire was lit at its highest part to guide ships into port. Illumination technology advanced over the centuries, culminating in today's electric versions beaming light that can be seen from over 20 miles away. North Carolina's Bodie Island Lighthouse, pictured here, was built in 1872 and overlooks a section of ocean once known as the Graveyard of the Atlantic. Since then, it's been doing its best to outshine the stars above, as it guides sailors home to safe harbor.

科尔杜昂灯塔，罗扬市，夏朗德省，法国 Cordouan Lighthouse, Royan, Charente, France (© FRTimelapse/Getty Images)

金光中的灯塔 A beacon in the golden light

科尔杜昂灯塔，法国

建于1611年的科尔杜昂灯塔堪称海上奇迹，它矗立在法国大西洋中吉伦特河口湾的一块巨石上。这座灯塔在18世纪经历了改造，因为集宫殿、堡垒和大教堂于一身，所以它被誉为“海上凡尔赛宫”。

目前，科尔杜昂灯塔是法国海岸唯一有人看守的灯塔，也是法国最古老的功能性灯塔。到访科尔杜昂灯塔，它会带你踏上梦回过去的旅程，站在灯塔上，你还可以俯瞰周围海洋和陆地的壮丽景色。

Cordouan Lighthouse, France

Built between 1584 and 1611, the Cordouan Lighthouse is France's oldest working lighthouse and the only one in the country that is still inhabited by keepers. For centuries, this maritime marvel has watched over the Gironde Estuary, on France's Atlantic coast, a treacherous area where shipwrecks were once common.

Designed by engineer Louis de Foix and remodeled in the 18th century, this stunning lighthouse with its stained-glass windows and Renaissance architecture is sometimes known as the Versailles of the Seas, after the famous French palace. Others call it the King of Lighthouses.

A visit to this historic landmark will take you on a journey to a bygone era, concluding with a climb up more than 300 steps to the lighthouse's pinnacle, where you can enjoy a commanding view of the coast and Atlantic Ocean.

布列塔尼的小米努灯塔，法国 (© RooM the Agency/Alamy)

有点孤单，有点浪漫

布列塔尼的小米努灯塔

今天照片里的是法国西北海岸上的小米努灯塔。小米努灯塔坐落于法国布列塔尼的海岸边，是一座圆柱形的花岗岩灯塔，顶着一盏红灯。小米努灯塔和波尔奇克灯塔坐落在一条线上，标志着布雷斯特港的入口。它自1948年修建以来一直发挥着重要的作用，不光为往来的水手提供向导，还守护着布雷斯特海峡的入口。

虽然小米努（Petit

Minou）在法语中会让人联想起小猫，但是这个名字的由来似乎是布列塔尼语中“min”（意思是“嘴”或是“点”），"min"的复数形式是"minou"，于是就变成了这个可爱的名字。这座灯塔建在小米努海角上，对应的，附近还有一处大米努海角。

戈德雷维灯塔，英国康沃尔郡 (© Paul Nash/Shutterstock)

到灯塔去！

戈德雷维灯塔，康沃尔郡

戈德雷维灯塔坐落在美丽的康沃尔郡圣艾夫斯湾的戈德雷维岛上，它是一座白色八角塔，建于19世纪50年代末，高86英尺（26 米），由铺有砂浆的碎石制成。它几乎位于岛的中心，最初为饲养员提供小屋，而后用来保护船只免受危险暗礁的侵袭。1995年，灯塔被进行了一次现代化的改造，改用太阳能供电。2012年，英国领港公会（Trinity House）停止使用塔内的灯，取而代之的是安装在靠近岩石的钢制平台上的LED灯。

春角礁灯塔，缅因州南波特兰 Spring Point Ledge Light in South Portland, Maine (© Haizhan Zheng/Getty Images)

一个小而强大的守护者 A small but mighty guardian

Spring Point Ledge Light

Spring Point Ledge Light warns boats approaching Portland Harbor of the hazardous ledge that it's named for. This underwater ridge reaches out into the shipping channel and was the cause of many shipwrecks in the late 19th century when the harbor was one of the busiest on the entire east coast. Built by the United States Army Corps of Engineers, Spring Point Ledge Light has been a reliable guardian of Casco Bay and Portland Harbor since 1897. The brick and cast-iron lighthouse earned its spot on the National Historic Register in 1988. In May 2022, people celebrated the 125th anniversary of the first time the lamp was lit, back when it guided schooners and hulking steamships safely to shore.

春角礁灯塔

春角礁灯塔警告驶向波特兰港的船只注意以其命名的危险岩架。这个水下海脊伸入航道，是19世纪末许多船只失事的原因，当时该港是整个东海岸最繁忙的港口之一。由美国陆军工程兵团建造的春角礁灯塔自1897年以来一直是卡斯科湾和波特兰港的可靠守护者。1988年，这座砖石结构的灯塔被列入国家历史名录。2022年5月，人们庆祝了该灯首次点亮125周年，当它引导帆船和笨重的轮船安全靠岸时。

布莱克浦塔和中央码头，英国兰开夏郡 (© Bailey-Cooper Photography/Alamy)

布莱克浦的灯光太棒了

看起来很锋利的岩石

死亡海岸 The Coast of Death

International Lighthouse Day

This solemn beacon set atop a rocky outcropping is in a country usually associated with sand and sun, making this a side of Spain many do not often see. We're looking out at the sea on the Costa da Morte, or Coast of Death, a nasty name for an equally nasty (but beautiful!) stretch of Galician coastline in the extreme northwest of Spain. We're featuring Costa da Morte on International Lighthouse Day because mariners are never happier to see a lighthouse than when they're sailing this coast, known as the Bermuda Triangle of the Eastern Atlantic.

The Costa da Morte is known for its lighthouses, like this one, called Faro de Playa Lago, one of many strung along 125 miles of coast from Finisterre in the south to Malpica in the north. As a devourer of ships, the Costa da Morte is prolific. Since the 14th century, more than 600 shipwrecks have been documented resulting in the loss of thousands of lives. This corner of Spain lies at the southern end of the Bay of Biscay, also known for its rough waters. The rocky Costa da Morte faces the open North Atlantic and takes the brunt of big ocean swells. (The famous big-wave surf break at Nazare, Portugal, is only a few hundred miles to the south.) Deep waters turn to shallow waters quickly near this rocky cliff-strewn coast, known for its strong currents and hidden rocks. The fog can roll in quickly. Storms form frequently. And hurricane-force winds are not uncommon.

Cool, rainy, and rocky, the Galicia region of Spain is more 'Lord of the Rings' than Club Med. Hiking along this coast, you might feel like you're Scotland rather than Spain, and is compounded by the fact that Galicians themselves are considered a Celtic ethnic group. To visit the lighthouses of Costa da Morte, you can walk a trail appropriately called Camino dos Faros (Road of the Lighthouses). While satellite technology and electronic instruments vastly changed how safely we can now navigate the seas, lighthouses are still vital to boating and the maritime industry. Plus, they're just darn good-looking.

国际灯塔日

这座庄严的灯塔矗立在岩石露头上，位于一个通常与沙子和太阳联系在一起的国家，这使它成为许多人不常看到的西班牙的一面。我们看到的是死亡海岸（Costa da Morte）上的大海，这是一个同样令人讨厌的名字（但很漂亮！）西班牙西北端的加利西亚海岸线。我们在国际灯塔日特别报道科斯塔·达·莫特，因为水手们在这个被称为东大西洋百慕大三角的海岸航行时，看到灯塔最开心。

Costa da Morte以其灯塔而闻名，比如这座被称为Faro de Playa Lago的灯塔，它是从南部的菲尼斯特尔到北部的马尔皮卡沿海岸线125英里的众多灯塔之一。作为船舶的吞噬者，科斯塔·达·莫特是多产的。自14世纪以来，已有600多艘沉船被记录在案，导致数千人丧生。西班牙的这个角落位于比斯开湾的南端，也因其汹涌的海水而闻名。多岩石的Costa da Morte面对开阔的北大西洋，首当其冲地承受着巨大的海浪冲击。（葡萄牙纳扎尔著名的巨浪冲浪场位于南面几百英里处。）在这片岩石峭壁遍布的海岸附近，深水迅速转变为浅水，以其强劲的水流和隐藏的岩石而闻名。雾很快就会卷进来。风暴经常形成。飓风强度的风并不罕见。

凉爽、多雨、多岩石的西班牙加利西亚地区与其说是地中海俱乐部，不如说是“指环王”。沿着这条海岸远足，你可能会觉得自己是苏格兰人而不是西班牙人，这是因为加利西亚人本身被视为凯尔特人。要参观Costa da Morte的灯塔，你可以走一条名为Camino dos Faros（灯塔之路）的小径。虽然卫星技术和电子仪器极大地改变了我们现在在海上航行的安全程度，但灯塔对划船和海运业仍然至关重要。而且，他们真是太漂亮了。

黑夜海岸边的一盏灯 A light in the coastal darkness

Heceta Head Light, Florence, Oregon

Heceta Head Light is perched 205 feet above the Pacific Ocean on Oregon's central coast. The headland is named for Spanish Basque explorer Don Bruno de Heceta, who led a secret expedition in 1775 to bolster Spain's claim to the Pacific Coast of North America. Having sailed from Mexico, by the time the voyage reached these shores, the crew was ravaged by scurvy and Heceta made the call to turn back—but not before he became the first to map and record a written description of the mouth of the Columbia River as well as this rocky 1,000-foot-high headland that would eventually bear his name. By the 19th century, seafarers making their way up and down the coast made the call for a lighthouse to guide their way. Construction of the 56-foot-tall lighthouse was complicated by the steep bluffs and remote location, but the first light beam pierced through the darkness on March 30, 1894.

The first lightkeepers at Heceta Head found the location too isolated, prompting several of them to leave the job after just a short period. Staffing turnover persisted until the 1930's when nearby Oregon Coast Highway was put into service and the area received electricity. The lighthouse played a minor role in World War II when 75 members of the Coast Guard and their dogs were stationed here to guard the beaches. The lighthouse became fully automated in 1963, and by 1970 the lightkeeper's house entered a new era as a satellite campus for a nearby community college. These days the area is on the National Registry of Historic Places and the lightkeeper's cottages have a new life as rooms of a bed and breakfast.

俄勒冈州佛罗伦萨哈萨塔角灯塔

哈萨塔角灯塔位于俄勒冈州中央海岸的太平洋上空205英尺处。岬角以西班牙巴斯克探险家唐·布鲁诺·德·赫切塔的名字命名，他于1775年领导了一支秘密探险队，以支持西班牙对北美太平洋海岸的主张。从墨西哥启航后，当航程到达这些海岸时，船员们被坏血病蹂躏，赫西塔呼吁掉头，但在他成为第一个绘制并记录哥伦比亚河口以及最终以他的名字命名的1000英尺高岩石岬角的书面描述之前。到了19世纪，在海岸上下航行的海员们呼吁建造灯塔来指引他们的航行。这座56英尺高的灯塔因陡峭的悬崖和偏远的地理位置而变得复杂，但1894年3月30日，第一束光线穿透了黑暗。

赫西塔海德的第一批灯管人员发现该地点过于孤立，促使他们中的几人在很短的时间内离开了工作岗位。人员流动一直持续到20世纪30年代，附近的俄勒冈州海岸公路投入使用，该地区通电。灯塔在第二次世界大战中发挥了次要作用，当时有75名海岸警卫队成员和他们的狗驻扎在这里守卫海滩。灯塔在1963年实现了全自动，到1970年，灯塔作为附近社区学院的卫星校园进入了一个新时代。这些天来，该地区已被列入国家历史遗迹登记册，灯塔的小屋作为一个床和早餐的房间有了新的生活。

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