分类必应美图下的文章

巴里敦阿斯特角附近冰冻的哈德逊河上的古董冰船, 纽约 Antique iceboats on the frozen Hudson River near Astor Point in Barrytown, New York (© Mike Segar/REUTERS)

Sailing on thick ice

New York's Hudson River, winter of 2014: Temperatures were so cold for so long that sailors were able to take their antique wooden ice yachts out for a sail on this 20-mile stretch of thick ice. It was a rare sight for the area. Global warming meant that the Hudson River hadn't frozen thick enough for safe iceboating in years.

But beginning in the 1850s and lasting into the early 20th century, when average winter temps were colder, the Hudson Valley was the iceboating capital of the world. Speed was much of the allure. Supported by metal blades ('runners'), like skates, an iceboat encounters little forward resistance, enabling it to glide over the ice at thrilling speeds. In iceboating's heyday, wealthy yachtsmen raced their iceboats over the frozen Hudson as thousands of spectators watched along the riverbanks. In 1885, John Aspinwall Roosevelt, President Franklin D. Roosevelt's uncle, founded the Hudson River Ice Yacht Club, which still exists today. It maintains these beautiful antique wooden iceboats, and if the area is lucky enough to have another long, cold winter, they'll again take to the ice.

在厚厚的冰上航行

纽约哈德逊河，2014年冬天：气温持续寒冷，水手们能够带着他们的古董木制冰游艇在这片20英里厚的冰层上航行。这是该地区罕见的景象。全球变暖意味着哈德逊河多年来的冰层厚度还不够安全。

但从19世纪50年代开始，一直持续到20世纪初，当冬季平均气温较低时，哈德逊河谷是世界冰封之都。速度很有吸引力。像溜冰鞋一样，由金属刀片支撑的冰船（滑冰者），前进阻力很小，使它能够以惊人的速度在冰上滑行。在冰船运动的全盛时期，当成千上万的观众沿着河岸观看时，富有的游艇手们在冰冻的哈德逊河上竞相驾驶冰船。1885年，富兰克林·D·罗斯福总统的叔叔约翰·阿斯宾沃尔·罗斯福创立了哈德逊河冰上游艇俱乐部，至今仍然存在。它保存着这些漂亮的古董木制冰船，如果这个地区有幸再过一个漫长寒冷的冬天，它们就会再次来到冰面上。

阿泰特·本哈杜，阿特拉斯山脉，摩洛哥 Aït Benhaddou, Atlas Mountains, Morocco (© Alex Cimbal/Shutterstock)

At the gates of the 'ksar'

At the eastern edge of the Atlas Mountains in Morocco, Aït Benhaddou stands suspended in time. The ancient mud-brick 'ksar' (fortified city) was first built roughly 1,000 years ago, catering to travelers along the former caravan route between the Sahara Desert and the city of Marrakech. As a prime example of Moroccan earthen clay architecture, Aït Benhaddou has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1987. It's no longer teeming with the large numbers of people who once lived there. But there are small markets and a few families within the ancient city who cater to the visitors who come to walk its historic streets. As a symbol of Morocco's enduring history, Aït Benhaddou would be a fine place to reflect upon the events of January 11, 1944, when Moroccan nationalists issued a public proclamation calling for the independence of their country, an audacious action that sparked the movement that would end colonialism by 1956.

在"克萨尔"的门口

在摩洛哥阿特拉斯山脉的东边，阿赫特·本哈杜站及时停站。古老的泥砖"ksar"（防御城市）始建于大约1000年前，为沿撒哈拉沙漠和马拉喀什市之间的前大篷车路线的旅行者提供餐饮服务。作为摩洛哥土粘土建筑的典范，Aét Benhaddou 自 1987 年以来一直被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产。它不再挤满了曾经住在那里的大批人。但是，在古城内，有一些小市场和几个家庭，迎合那些来走历史街道的游客。作为摩洛哥悠久历史的象征，Aét Benhaddou将是反思1944年1月11日事件的一个很好的场所，当时摩洛哥民族主义者发表了一项公开宣言，呼吁其国家独立，这一大胆行动引发了到1956年结束殖民主义的运动。

Pradollano滑雪站，西班牙内华达山脉国家公园 (© NTCo/iStock/Getty Images Plus)

四川黄龙风景名胜区，中国 Huanglong Scenic and Historic Interest Area in Sichuan, China (© primeimages/Getty Images)

China's colorful terraced pools

While the sight of these gorgeous pools may make you want to don a swimsuit and plunge in for a refreshing soak, we don't recommend it. The water may fed by underground geothermal springs, but these are no hot springs—the water's only about 41 F. We'll take it all in from dry land. Thee striking series of terraced, travertine pools cascade downward for nearly two miles. Formed over thousands of years, calcite deposits give the water its unique, and welcoming, turquoise coloration.

Huanglong is officially called a Scenic and Historic Interest Area, and we can see why. There are plenty of other things to see and do at this huge park nestled between snow-capped peaks in central China's Sichuan province. With abundant forests, lakes, and glaciers, the diverse mountain ecosystem is home to a rich variety of animals, including endangered giant pandas and golden snub-nosed monkeys. So extensive and breathtakingly beautiful is this landscape that roughly 200 square miles of it were designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1992.

中国五彩缤纷的台池

虽然看到这些华丽的池子可能会让你想穿上泳衣，跳进去泡个清爽的澡，但我们不建议这样做。这些水可能是由地下地热泉供应的，但这些不是温泉，水温只有41华氏度左右，池水将被旱地全部吸收。引人注目的一系梯田，石灰池向下层叠近两英里。方解石矿床形成于数千年前，使水呈现出独特的、令人欢迎的绿松石色。

黄龙被官方称为风景名胜区，这是为什么呢。在这个坐落在中国中部四川省白雪皑皑的山峰之间的巨大公园里，还有很多其他的事情可以看和做的。拥有丰富的森林、湖泊和冰川，多样的山地生态系统是各种动物的家园，包括濒危的大熊猫和金丝猴。这片风景是如此的广阔和美丽，以至于大约200平方英里的土地在1992年被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产。

多佛尔白崖，英国多佛尔 White Cliffs of Dover, England (© LisaValder/Getty Images)

Of balloons and lost pantaloons

We all fly by the seat of our pants now and then, but how about flying with no pants at all? That was the plight of Jean-Pierre Blanchard and John Jeffries, who on January 7, 1785, made history over these chalk cliffs with the first aerial crossing of the English Channel. When their hydrogen-filled balloon dropped altitude due to overloading, the two tossed all the cargo they could into the drink below, britches included. Reaching France in their underpants, the undoubtedly chilly pilots still received a warm welcome.

Known worldwide as an emblem of England, the White Cliffs of Dover rise 350 feet over the strait where Blanchard and Jeffries made their crossing. The white chalk and gray-black streaks of flint match geologically with shorter cliffs on the French side—evidence of a land bridge that existed long before we primates got the notion to fly. Of course, even soaring over the waves is a bit outmoded now that you can zip under them in the Channel Tunnel, which has its entrance just down the coast.

气球和丢失的裤子

我们通常都穿着裤子坐在自己的座位上飞行，但是不穿裤子飞行怎么样？这就是让-皮埃尔·布兰查德和约翰·杰弗里斯的困境，1785年1月7日，他们第一次飞越英吉利海峡，在白垩悬崖上创造了历史。当他们的充氢气球因超载而下降高度时，两人把所有能装的货物都扔进下面的饮料里，包括裤子。穿着内裤到达法国，这些毫无疑问冷冰冰的飞行员仍然受到热烈欢迎。

全世界都知道多佛的白色悬崖是英格兰的象征，在布兰查德和杰弗里斯穿越的海峡上空350英尺高。白色的白垩和灰黑色的燧石条纹在地质学上与法国一侧较短的悬崖相吻合，这是早在我们灵长类动物有飞行的概念之前就存在的陆桥的证据。当然，即使是在海浪上翱翔也有点过时了，现在你可以在海峡隧道里滑行，它的入口就在海边。

火山口湖，俄勒冈州 Crater Lake in Oregon (© Steve Bloom Images/Alamy)

Travels to the Oregon deep

We're looking out on the deepest lake in the US. Crater Lake, the centerpiece and namesake of the only national park in Oregon, goes down to depths of 1,943 feet—that's enough room to stack three-and-a-half Washington Monuments end to end. Fed mainly by snowfall, this pristine, crystal blue lake came into this world with a bang. Sometime around 5700 BCE, Mount Mazama erupted, losing roughly 3,000 feet of its height. The volcano blew out so much molten rock that it left a giant depression that gradually filled with water, giving us this serene scene today.

Crater Lake National Park is open to visitors year-round, but in the winter many of the facilities as well as the road circumventing the lake are closed. But, as our picture captures so beautifully, the snowy view is worth a (socially distant) trip.

前往俄勒冈深处

我们眺望着美国最深的湖泊。火山口湖是俄勒冈州唯一的国家公园的中心和命名地，它的深度达1943英尺，足够将首尾相接的三个半华盛顿纪念碑叠在一起。主要靠降雪，这个原始的水晶般蓝色的湖砰的一声来到了这个世界。大约在公元前5700年左右，马扎马火山爆发，失去了大约3000英尺的高度。火山喷出了大量的熔岩，留下了一个巨大的凹陷，逐渐充满了水，给了我们今天的宁静景象。

火山口湖国家公园全年向游客开放，但在冬季，许多设施以及环湖公路都关闭了。但是，正如我们的照片捕捉到如此美丽，雪景是值得值得一游的。

冰河湖对面的钻石冰沙滩，冰岛 Diamond Beach across from Jökulsárlón, a glacier lagoon in Iceland (© surangaw/Getty Images)

Sparkling ice diamonds on a black sandy beach

The icebergs stranded on this magnificent black sandy beach in Iceland are what give Diamond Beach its name. Sparkling like gems, they're a natural museum of sorts for tourists who flock to this beach year-round to walk among the nature-made sculptures, with some icebergs as tall as the tourists themselves.

It's about a five-hour drive east from the capital of Reykjavik to get here. But the biggest attraction in this area is Jökulsárlón, the glacial lake just across the Ring Road from this beach. It's a sparkling, still, blue lagoon dotted with huge glacial icebergs, which tourists motor around via pontoon boats. The lake began forming in 1934, when the Breiðamerkurjökull glacier started retreating, leaving the lagoon in its path. The lake's size has increased fourfold since the 1970s.

黑色沙滩上闪闪发光的冰钻石

搁浅在冰岛这个宏伟的黑色沙滩上的冰山，让钻石海滩得名。它们像宝石一样闪闪发光，是一座天然博物馆，适合常年涌向这片海滩的游客在天然雕塑中漫步，有些冰山和游客一样高。

从首都雷克雅未克向东驱车约5小时到达。但该地区最大的景点是Jükulsérlón，这是一个冰川湖，就在环城公路对面。这是一个波光粼粼的，静止的，蓝色的泻湖，点缀着巨大的冰川冰山，游客通过浮桥船四处航行。1934年，当布列亚默库尔冰川开始退却时，湖水开始形成，在它身后留下一片泻湖。自20世纪70年代以来，这个湖的面积增加了四倍。

An Alpine fairytale castle

During a walking tour in the spring of 1829, Crown Prince (and future King) Maximilian II of Bavaria fell in love with these forested mountains and Alpine lakes, so three years later he bought the dilapidated remains of a 12th-century castle overlooking the village of Hohenschwangau. The yellow neo-Gothic castle that Maximilian built to replace the earlier ruins became the summer home and hunting retreat for the king, his wife Marie of Prussia, and their two sons, Ludwig and Otto. Hohenschwangau Castle became a kind of fantasy palace, particularly for the two young princes, who spent their time traipsing through the forest, reciting poetry, and staging scenes from the Romantic operas of Richard Wagner.

After the death of King Maximilian in 1864, Ludwig ascended to the throne and moved into his father's rooms in Hohenschwangau castle. He ordered that stars be painted onto the bedroom's ceiling and had them illuminated by hidden oil lamps. Ludwig and his successors made few other modifications, so most of the rest of the castle remains unchanged even today—the 19th-century interiors contain period furniture, and preserved on the walls are more than 90 frescoes depicting heroic German folklore and the medieval legends of Wagner's operas.

阿尔卑斯山童话城堡

在1829年春天的一次徒步旅行中，巴伐利亚的王储（和未来国王）马克西米利安二世爱上了这些森林覆盖的山脉和阿尔卑斯山湖泊，因此三年后，他买下了一座12世纪的城堡的破旧遗骸，俯瞰着霍恩施旺高村。马克西米利安为取代早期遗址而建造的黄色新哥特式城堡成为国王、普鲁士的妻子玛丽和他们的两个儿子路德维希和奥托的夏季家园和狩猎撤退地。霍恩施万高城堡成了一座梦幻宫殿，尤其是对两位年轻的王子来说，他们花时间在森林中穿山，背诵诗歌，并上演理查德·瓦格纳的浪漫歌剧场景。

1864年马克西米利安国王去世后，路德维希登上王位，搬进了他父亲在霍恩施旺高城堡的房间。他命令把星星涂在卧室的天花板上，用隐藏的油灯照亮它们。路德维希和他的继任者几乎没有进行其他修改，因此城堡的其他大部分仍然保持不变——19世纪的室内装着时期的家具，墙壁上保存着90多幅壁画，描绘了德国英雄的民间传说和瓦格纳歌剧的中世纪传说。

A universe underground

When Vietnamese farmer Hồ Khanh stumbled upon this cave in 1991, it was immediately clear the gaping mouth led to a huge, dark, untouched chamber, complete with a free-flowing underground river. What couldn't have been clear to him then was that this cave, now known as Sơn Đoòng, is by far the world's largest in volume.

Lacking gear to explore the cave further, Khanh could only wander back home and tell friends about his discovery. But he was unable to retrace his steps to the cavern, his tracks engulfed by the jungle. Relegated to rumor, the cave went unexplored for almost two decades until a visiting team of British cavers caught wind of Khanh's tale. In 2009, Khanh led them to Sơn Đoòng after a long search, and explorations commenced that found the cave was vast beyond anyone's expectations.

Sơn Đoòng is over 1.5 billion cubic feet in volume, with its main chamber 650 feet high, almost 500 feet wide, and stretching more than 3 miles, large enough to fly a Boeing 747 through—but look out for the 15-story stalagmites. One of the cave's massive dolines—sunken, sun-exposed sections like the one seen here—hosts an entire rainforest ecosystem. And that's just what we know so far: Cave divers have yet to fully explore Sơn Đoòng's subterranean river, and vast passages found as recently as 2019 have only added to what's known of the cave's enormity.

地下的宇宙

1991年，当越南农民HồKhanh偶然发现了这个洞穴时，人们立刻清楚地看到，张开的洞口嘴通向一个巨大的、黑暗的、未被触及的洞穴，里面有一条自由流动的地下河。当时他不清楚的是，这个洞穴，现在被称为SơnĐoòng，是迄今为止世界上最大的洞穴。

由于缺乏进一步探索洞穴的装备，卡恩只能漫步回家，告诉朋友他的发现。但他无法回到洞穴，他的足迹被丛林吞噬。由于流言蜚语的影响，这个洞穴在近20年的时间里一直未被发现，直到一队英国探洞者闻到了卡恩的故事。2009年，Khanh带领他们经过长时间的搜寻，来到了SơnĐoòng，开始了探险，发现这个洞穴的面积超出了任何人的预期。

SơnĐoòng的体积超过15亿立方英尺，其主舱室高650英尺，宽近500英尺，长度超过3英里，足以让一架波音747飞机通过，但要注意15层楼高的石笋。洞穴中一条巨大的低谷下陷，暴露在阳光下，就像这里看到的一样，这里有一个完整的雨林生态系统。而这正是我们目前所知道的：洞穴潜水员还没有完全探索sơnĐoòng的地下河，而最近在2019年发现的巨大通道只是增加了人们所知的洞穴的巨大性。

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