标签 银河 下的文章

西南阿连特茹和维森廷海岸自然公园上空的银河，葡萄牙 Milky Way over Southwest Alentejo and Vicentine Coast Natural Park, Portugal (© Daniel Garrido/Getty Images)

黑夜里的“彩虹” A rainbow's nocturnal cousin

秋季天文周

美国一年里有两次天文日，分别是春季天文日（4月中旬到5月中旬）和秋季天文日（9月中旬至10月中旬）。在这个特别的节日，科学博物馆、天文台、天文俱乐部和天文馆将举办专业人士主持的讲座、展览和工坊活动。对夜空的科学观测从早期文明时代就开始了，而天文学被称为最早的自然科学学科，是研究天体及相关现象的学科。今天照片里的是葡萄牙的西南阿连特茹和维森廷海岸自然公园，这里远离光污染，是个观星的好地方哦。

Fall Astronomy Week

The Milky Way has billions of stars; among them, our own sun finds its place. The galaxy's name is derived from the radiant, pale appearance of the band of stars and gas clouds that graces Earth's sky. Methodical observations of the night sky started with early civilizations but astronomy, the oldest natural science, remains a source of fascination today. It's what brings stargazers to Portugal's Southwest Alentejo and Vicentine Coast Natural Park, a site free from heavy light pollution. Now's a good time to seek out your own celestial spectacle, as it is Astronomy Week and the main event, Saturday's Fall Astronomy Day, this year coincides with the autumnal equinox.

约书亚树国家公园上空的银河，美国加利福尼亚州 Milky Way over Joshua Tree National Park, California (© Schroptschop/Getty Images)

沙漠上空的星海 An ocean of stars above the desert

国际天文

今天是天文日，快准备好望远镜和星图APP去观星吧！为了让更多人对太空感兴趣，道格·伯杰于1973年创立了天文日，他在街角、商场和公园里架设了望远镜，让人们有机会亲眼看到星星。

早期的天文学家缺乏工具，只能凭肉眼观测天体，但他们仍然取得了重大的成就，例如计算月球的大小和距离，确认太阳是太阳系的中心，以及预测恒星运动和地球季节的关系。如今，我们拥有各种先进的望远镜，有詹姆斯韦伯太空望远镜，也有便携式望远镜，在国际黑暗天空公园里你都能看到有人在用这些先进的设备观星。

Astronomy Day

Get your telescope and star map app ready because it's Astronomy Day! Doug Berger, then president of the Astronomical Association of Northern California, created Astronomy Day in 1973 to get more people interested in the wonders of space. He set up telescopes on street corners, malls, and parks to give people a chance to see the stars firsthand.

Early astronomers lacked the means to view celestial objects beyond those which could be seen by the naked eye. But they still made major discoveries, such as calculating the size and distance of the moon, affirming the sun as the center of our solar system, and predicting the movement of stars relative to the seasons. Today we have sophisticated telescopes, from the orbiting James Webb Space Telescope to the portable ones you'll find in use at International Dark Sky Parks, including Joshua Tree National Park, seen in our photo. With such ground-breaking technology at our disposal, astronomers can boldly go where no human eyes have gone before.

意大利三峰山上空的银河 Milky Way above Tre Cime di Lavaredo, South Tyrol, Italy (© Juan Romero/Cavan Images)

这些蔚为壮观的山峰在何处？ Where are these spectacular peaks?

三峰山，意大利

这三座位于意大利多洛米蒂山脉的山峰被称为三峰山。这片群山是阿尔卑斯山最著名的景点之一，世界各地的游客都来这里徒步旅行。你可以从各个角度欣赏壮丽的山峰，到了夏天，你还能看到漫山的野花。如果你想在月光下徒步或露营，一定要提前计划，为5小时的行程准备充足的水和零食。2009年，三峰山和整个多洛米蒂山脉一起被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产。

The Tre Cime di Lavaredo, Italy

This trio of peaks, known as the Tre Cime di Lavaredo, is located in the Sexten Dolomites of South Tyrol, Italy. The mountain group is one of the best-known in the Dolomites and tourists visit from all over the world to hike its trails. You'll enjoy a breathtaking view of the peaks from all angles and in the summer, you'll see a beautiful array of wildflowers. Make sure to plan ahead if you want to hike or camp under the moonlit sky and bring plenty of water and snacks. These peaks are part of the Dolomites World Heritage Site, which was designated in 2009.

死亡谷扎布里斯基角上空的银河，美国加利福尼亚州 The Milky Way over Zabriskie Point, Death Valley, California (© Matt Anderson Photography/Getty Images)

布满星星的天空 A sky full of stars

扎布里斯基角上空的银河，加利福尼亚州

扎布里斯基角的标志性景观是摄影师和游客一年四季蜂拥而至的原因之一。大自然在这些荒地上侵蚀了亿万年，形成了这片令人惊叹的条纹岩层。这几座山峰上的深色部分是由古代火山爆发的熔岩形成的。扎布里斯基角位于加利福尼亚州的死亡谷国家公园，是无数电影（如《斯巴达克斯》和《星球大战》）的取景地。爱尔兰摇滚乐队U2的音乐专辑《约书亚树》的封面也在这里取景。难怪死亡谷暗夜节在美国如此受欢迎。

Milky Way over Zabriskie Point, California

The iconic view from Zabriskie Point is one of the reasons why photographers and tourists flock to this spot all year round. Weather and water carved out these badlands for eons, resulting in this stunning striped rock formation with an array of colors. The darker material on several peaks was formed by lava of an ancient volcanic eruption, making some of these ridges higher than others. Nestled in Death Valley National Park, California, Zabriskie Point has been the backdrop of countless movies like 'Spartacus' and 'Stars Wars.' The scenic overlook is featured on the cover of Irish rock band U2's album, 'The Joshua Tree.' It's no wonder the Death Valley Dark Skies Festival is a hugely popular event. Zabriskie Point was named after Christian Zabriskie, a distinguished member of the Pacific Coast Borax Company from 1885 to 1933.

阿卡迪亚国家公园上空的银河系，美国缅因州 Milky Way over Acadia National Park, Maine (© Harry Collins/Getty Images)

繁星闪烁的夜晚 Starry, starry night

Acadia National Park, Maine

This striking photo lets us showcase two noteworthy events in one day, at no extra charge. (You’re welcome.) National Public Lands Day is observed on the fourth Saturday in September, and today’s also part of the Acadia Night Sky Festival, which celebrates the starlit skies over Maine’s gem of a national park.

It’s easy to take our national parks for granted. We certainly appreciate them and enjoy visiting, but today’s commemoration reminds us that they also need our help. National Public Lands Day turns the spotlight on parks and other public lands, inviting everyone to explore but also to volunteer to plant trees, work on trail-maintenance projects, and more. As a bonus: Admission is free today at national parks, monuments, and other participating federal sites.

Acadia is one of the smallest of the nation's 63 national parks, though it attracts an impressive 3 million visitors a year. Aside from its natural beauty, Acadia has some of the most spectacular star-filled night skies in the eastern United States. The natural darkness is protected, with restrictions on outdoor lighting in the park and surrounding areas. The Acadia Night Sky Festival, which started on September 21 and continues through tomorrow, celebrates the natural darkness and the celestial star show. A favorite way to mark the occasion is by kayaking in Castine's harbor, where bioluminescent phytoplankton illuminate the water with a swirling, unearthly glow. With sparkling waters below and out-of-this-world stargazing above, it's been called Acadia's 'Floating Planetarium.'

缅因州阿卡迪亚国家公园

这张引人注目的照片让我们可以在一天内免费展示两件值得关注的事件。（不客气。）9月的第四个星期六是国家公共土地日，今天也是阿卡迪亚夜空节的一部分，庆祝缅因州国家公园瑰宝上星光灿烂的天空。

我们很容易把国家公园视为理所当然。我们当然很感激他们，也很喜欢参观，但今天的纪念活动提醒我们，他们也需要我们的帮助。国家公共土地日将聚光灯转向公园和其他公共土地，邀请每个人探索，也自愿植树，从事小径维护项目等。作为奖励：国家公园、纪念碑和其他参与的联邦网站今天免费入场。

阿卡迪亚是美国63个国家公园中最小的一个，尽管每年吸引了300万游客。除了它的自然美景，阿卡迪亚还有一些美国东部最壮观的充满星星的夜空。自然黑暗受到保护，公园和周边地区的室外照明受到限制。阿卡迪亚夜空节于9月21日开始，持续到明天，庆祝自然的黑暗和天上的星星表演。最受欢迎的庆祝方式是在卡斯廷港划独木舟，在那里，生物发光的浮游植物以漩涡般的、超自然的光芒照亮水面。它的下面和外面都是波光粼粼的海水，俯瞰着天空，被称为阿卡迪亚的“浮动天文馆”。

罗兰豁口上空的银河，法国上比利牛斯省 Milky Way behind Roland's Breach in the Pyrenees, Hautes-Pyrénées, France (© SPANI Arnaud/Alamy)

从天而降的魔法 Magic fallen from the sky

Roland's Breach in the Pyrenees

This is the kind of image in front of which one cannot help but emit a "wow" of wonder. We are in front of the Roland's Breach, located on the periphery of the Cirque de Gavarnie, in the Hautes-Pyrénées, and behind which flow the billions of stars of the Milky Way. Very popular with hikers, this gap is a natural hole, 40 meters wide and 70 meters deep. Located at an altitude of 2807 meters, it plays the role of a mountain pass which marks the border between Spain and France on all its width.

According to the legend, the breach was created by Roland, Charlemagne's nephew, while he was trying to destroy his sword by hitting it against the rock.

The Cirque de Gavarnie is one of the most impressive sites in the French Pyrenees and was even listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997.

比利牛斯山脉的罗兰豁口

这是一种让人忍不住发出“哇”一声惊叹的图像。我们就在罗兰豁口的前面，位于上皮雷内的加瓦尼圆环的边缘，银河系的数十亿颗恒星就在这一缺豁口的后面。非常受徒步旅行者欢迎，这个豁口是一个天然的洞，宽40米，深70米。它位于海拔2807米处，起着山口的作用，在整个宽度上标志着西班牙和法国之间的边界。

根据传说，这个豁口是查理曼大帝的侄子罗兰（Roland）创造的，当时他正试图用剑撞击岩石来摧毁他的剑。

加瓦尼马戏团是法国比利牛斯山脉最令人印象深刻的景点之一，1997年甚至被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产。

多洛米蒂山上空的银河，意大利 Dolomite Mountains at night with the Milky Way, Italy (© Carlos Fernandez/Getty Images)

彩虹桥 The Rainbow Bridge

Dolomites

Few places in Europe offer the opportunity to take in the Milky Way like the Dolomites. Far from cities and light pollution, and thousands of feet above sea level, the Dolomites offer a stunning, vibrant night sky above shear, jagged peaks that cut the dark. Also known as the 'Pale Mountains,' the Dolomites are named for the carbonate rock they are composed of, which was in turn named after 18th-century French mineralogist Déodat Gratet de Dolomieu, the first scientist to describe the mineral.

The Dolomite region in northeastern Italy boasts more than 2,100 named mountains, including the 'Queen of the Dolomites,' Marmolada, whose Punta Penía is the highest peak of the range. Nature lovers, hikers, and climbers flock to the Dolomites in summer, and the slopes are dominated by skiers and snowboarders during the long winter months. One sure way to appreciate the Dolomites' impressive peaks is to take a hot air balloon over the range.

白云石

欧洲很少有地方像白云石那样有机会进入银河系。远离城市和光污染，海拔数千英尺，白云石在剪切、参差不齐的山峰上提供了一个令人惊叹的、充满活力的夜空，切断了黑暗。白云石也被称为“苍白山脉”，因其组成的碳酸盐岩而命名，而碳酸盐岩又是以18世纪法国矿物学家Déodat Gratte de Dolomieu的名字命名的，他是第一位描述这种矿物的科学家。

意大利东北部的白云石地区拥有2100多座被命名的山脉，其中包括“白云石女王”马尔莫拉达（Marmolada），其蓬塔彭尼亚峰（Punta Penía）是该山脉的最高峰。夏季，热爱大自然的人、徒步旅行者和登山者成群结队地来到白云石，在漫长的冬季，山坡上主要是滑雪者和滑雪者。欣赏白云石令人印象深刻的山峰的一个可靠方法是乘坐热气球飞越这一范围。

半穹顶景观点上空的银河，优胜美地国家公园，加利福尼亚州 Milky Way rising above Half Dome in Yosemite National Park, California (© Cory Marshall/Tandem Stills + Motion)

你能把灯关掉吗? Could you turn off the lights?

Dark Sky Week

During International Dark Sky Week, we're counting ourselves lucky to have this spectacular nighttime view, considering the astonishing fact that 83% of the global population lives under a light-polluted sky. Unneeded artificial light is classified as a pollutant and has been proven to have harmful side effects. Not only does it waste money and energy, it also disrupts plants and animals, is believed to impact the climate, and blocks our view of the universe.

Encouraging people to get away from artificial light is one of the goals of International Dark Sky Week, and today's photo shows just how magnificent that can be. Here, we're treated to a beautiful view of the Milky Way from Yosemite National Park in California. Yosemite is part of a network of national parks monitoring dark night skies to gather a complete data set of light pollution. They've learned that 'two-thirds of Americans cannot see the Milky Way from their backyard, and if current light pollution trends continue, there will be almost no dark skies left in the contiguous United States by 2025.'

Luckily, dark sky is a recoverable resource. There are ways to reduce our light use and improve the view of the night sky for everyone. Think about it over the course of the next week, preferably while gazing at a night sky undisturbed by light pollution—or at least a beautiful photo of one.

黑暗天空周

在国际黑暗天空周期间，考虑到全球83%的人口生活在轻度污染的天空下这一令人震惊的事实，我们认为自己有幸拥有这一壮观的夜景。不需要的人造光被归类为污染物，并已被证明具有有害的副作用。它不仅浪费金钱和能源，还扰乱动植物，被认为会影响气候，阻碍我们对宇宙的看法。

鼓励人们远离人造光是国际黑暗天空周的目标之一，今天的照片展示了这是多么壮观。在这里，我们可以在加利福尼亚州约塞米蒂国家公园欣赏到银河系的美景。约塞米蒂是国家公园网络的一部分，该网络监测黑夜天空，以收集光污染的完整数据集。他们了解到，“三分之二的美国人无法从自家后院看到银河系，如果目前的光污染趋势继续下去，到2025年，毗邻的美国将几乎没有黑暗的天空。”

幸运的是，黑暗的天空是一种可回收的资源。有一些方法可以减少我们的光线使用，改善每个人的夜空视野。在接下来的一周里好好想想，最好是在凝视没有光污染的夜空时，或者至少是一张美丽的照片。

雷尼尔山上空的银河星系，美国华盛顿州 Moonlight and the Milky Way over Mount Rainier in Mount Rainier National Park, Washington (© Brad Goldpaint/Cavan)

123岁生日快乐！ Happy 123rd birthday

Mount Rainier National Park

Mount Rainier is the crown jewel of its namesake national park, designated March 2, 1899, by President William McKinley. It was just the fifth national park in the United States. Beyond the mountain, the 369-square-mile park also includes valleys, waterfalls, old-growth forests, and pristine alpine meadows famous for summer wildflowers.

Rainier is considered the most glaciated peak in the contiguous US. Native Americans named it Tahoma, which translates to mother of waters. Indeed, the mountain spawns five major rivers, and to this day, its snowmelt provides much of the water for the region.

Although beautiful, Rainier is also one of the most dangerous volcanoes in the world. Scientists consider an eruption in the near future to be highly probable. In addition to spewing ash and triggering landslides, a major eruption would likely trigger massive mudflows, called lahars, that would send a tsunami of mud, boulders, and debris toward the cities of Tacoma and Seattle, only 100 miles away. For now, we'll just admire the majesty of this sleeping giant and be thankful that the national park protects so much pristine northwest wilderness.

雷尼尔山国家公园

雷尼尔山是威廉·麦金利总统于1899年3月2日指定的同名国家公园的皇冠明珠。它只是美国的第五个国家公园。在山的另一边，369平方英里的公园还包括山谷、瀑布、古老的森林和以夏季野花闻名的原始高山草甸。

雷尼尔峰被认为是美国周边冰川最为严重的山峰。美洲原住民将其命名为Tahoma，意为“水之母”。事实上，这座山孕育了五条主要河流，直到今天，它的融雪为该地区提供了大量的水。

雷尼尔火山虽然美丽，但也是世界上最危险的火山之一。科学家认为在不久的将来爆发是极有可能的。除了喷发火山灰和引发山体滑坡外，一次大的火山喷发可能会引发大规模的泥流，称为lahars，这将向仅100英里外的塔科马和西雅图两座城市带来一场由泥浆、巨石和碎片组成的海啸。现在，我们只想欣赏这位沉睡巨人的威严，感谢国家公园保护了如此多原始的西北荒野。