标签西班牙下的文章

索尔吉奈特克斯的巨石墓，巴斯克地区，阿拉瓦省，西班牙 Dolmen of Sorginetxe, Basque Country, Álava, Spain (© David Herraez Calzada/plainpicture)

天空中的圆周率 Pi in the sky

庆祝圆周率日

计算圆的周长与直径的比值就像 π 一样简单。今天是圆周率日，一个专门庆祝这一数学常数的节日。这个日期之所以被选中，是因为3、1、4正是圆周率π的前三位有效数字。作为一个无理数，圆周率无法被写成分数，其小数部分会无限延伸且不重复。人类对 π 的探索可以追溯到公元前 1900 年左右的古巴比伦和古埃及。

然而，圆周率日的正式起源相对较晚。20 世纪 80 年代，物理学家拉里·肖在旧金山一家科学博物馆组织了首次圆周率日的庆祝活动。当天，工作人员围着圆圈行走，品尝与 π（Pi）谐音的馅饼（Pie），以此象征这一数学常数。今日图片带我们来到西班牙北部的阿拉瓦，星空在索尔吉奈特克斯的巨石墓上空旋转划出圆形轨迹。这座史前巨石遗迹可追溯至公元前 3000 年。自古以来，圆周率（π）在天文学研究中扮演着重要角色，印度和波斯的天文学家曾计算出最早且最精确的圆周率近似值，为人类探索宇宙奠定了基础。

Celebrating Pi Day

Calculating the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter is as easy as pi. Today is Pi Day, an event that celebrates this mathematical constant. This date was chosen because 3, 1, and 4 are the first three significant figures of pi (π) when it is written out. Pi is an irrational number, which means that it can't be written as a fraction. When written out, its decimal representation goes on infinitely without repeating. The oldest attempts to calculate pi date back to ancient Babylon and Egypt, around 1900 BCE.

Pi Day, however, has more recent origins. In the 1980s, physicist Larry Shaw organized the first celebration, where staff at a San Francisco science museum walked around in circles and then ate the number's delicious homophones: pies. Today's image takes us to Álava, northern Spain. The circular motion of the stars appears above the Dolmen of Sorginetxe, an ancient megalithic monument dating back to 3000 BCE. Pi has long played a key role in the study of the stars, and some of the most accurate early approximations of the number were calculated by Indian and Persian astronomers.

罗兰多山口，奥德萨和佩迪多山国家公园，西班牙 La Brecha de Rolando, Ordesa y Monte Perdido National Park, Spain (© Inaki Relanzon/Nature Picture Library/Alamy Stock Photo)

再次冲向战斗 Once more unto the breach

罗兰缺口，西班牙

在比利牛斯山脉高处，有一个山间缺口，罗兰缺口。这道缺口高约300 多英尺，宽 131 英尺，是令人惊叹的自然奇观。那么罗兰是谁？他是公元八世纪查理曼大帝统治时期的法兰克军事领袖。传说他在战败后用剑在山脉砍出一个缺口，有人说是为了毁掉自己的宝剑，也有人说是为了最后再看一眼祖国法兰西。

罗兰缺口位于西班牙的奥德萨和佩迪杜山国家公园，紧邻法国边界。公园面积超过38,000英亩，以壮观的石灰岩地貌闻名。公园包括四个各具特色的山谷和一座海拔超过11,000英尺的蒙特佩尔杜山峰。这座山峰还拥有自己的冰川蒙特佩尔杜冰川，为比利牛斯山脉第四大冰川。这片崎岖的山区栖息着丰富的野生动物，包括野猪、比利牛斯羚羊和棕熊。这里既是地质奇观，也是一片野生动植物的天堂。

Roland's Breach, Spain

High up in the Pyrenees, there is a gap in the mountains. More than 300 feet tall and 131 feet across, La Brecha de Rolando (Roland's Breach), featured here today, is a sight to behold. But who was Roland? Count Roland was a Frankish military leader during Charlemagne's reign in the 8th century. Legend has it that, after being defeated in battle, Roland cut a gap in the mountains—either to destroy his sword or to catch one last glimpse of France.

Roland's Breach lies within the Ordesa y Monte Perdido National Park in Spain, right on the border with France. Covering more than 38,000 acres, the park is home to some spectacular limestone formations. It's made up of four different valleys and one peak—Monte Perdido—which towers more than 11,000 feet above sea level. It even has its own glacier, the Monte Perdido glacier, which is the fourth largest in the Pyrenees. A wide range of animals live in this mountainous landscape, including wild boars, Pyrenean chamois, and brown bears.

萨阿拉·德拉谢拉村，加的斯省，西班牙 Village of Zahara de la Sierra, Cádiz province, Spain (© SEN LI/Getty Images)

宁静之地 Calmness overload

萨阿拉·德拉谢拉村，加的斯省，西班牙

萨哈拉·德拉谢拉位于西班牙加的斯的群山之上，是伊比利亚半岛南部历史与自然完美结合的白色小镇。村庄坐落在岩石山顶，从今日图片中可以看到，它俯瞰着碧蓝的萨哈拉-埃尔加斯托尔水库和郁郁葱葱的格拉萨莱马自然公园。该公园自1977年起被列为联合国教科文组织生物圈保护区。村内的摩尔人城堡遗址和15世纪塔楼，见证了其作为中世纪要塞的辉煌历史。漫步在鲜花簇拥的狭窄街道，参观风景如画的圣玛丽亚德拉梅萨教堂，或放松身心，尽享壮丽景色。萨哈拉·德拉谢拉还是探险的门户，徒步、骑行和皮划艇等活动只是小镇丰富体验的一部分。

许多人认为萨哈拉·德拉谢拉的名字来自阿拉伯语“azahar”，意为柑橘花。然而，研究表明，这一名称实际上源自“sahra”，意为荒野或贫瘠的土地，反映了小镇所在的岩石山地特征。作为安达卢西亚著名的“白色城镇”，萨哈拉·德拉谢拉定会让你在西班牙最美的角落之一收获难忘的体验。

Village of Zahara de la Sierra, Cadiz, Spain

Zahara de la Sierra, a stunning whitewashed village in the hills of Cádiz province in Spain, offers a blend of history and nature in the south of the Iberian Peninsula. Perched on a rocky hilltop, the village seen in today's image overlooks the Zahara-El Gastor Reservoir and the Sierra de Grazalema Natural Park, a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve since 1977. Its Moorish castle ruins and 15th-century tower reflect its history as a medieval fortress. Stroll through streets lined with flower-filled balconies, visit the church of Santa María de la Mesa, or simply relax and take in the views. Zahara is also a gateway to adventure—activities like hiking, cycling, and kayaking are only a little of what the village has to offer.

The name 'Zahara de la Sierra' was once thought to have come from 'azahar,' the Arabic word for 'citrus blossom.' However, studies suggest it comes from 'sahra,' which means 'wild' or 'barren land,' reflecting the rugged hill where the village is located. As part of Andalusia's Route of the White Villages, Zahara de la Sierra promises unforgettable experiences in a beautiful corner of Spain.

科瓦东加湖，阿斯图里亚斯，西班牙 (© Carlos Fernandez/Getty Images)

传说中的风景

科瓦东加湖，阿斯图里亚斯

迷人的科瓦东加湖位于阿斯图里亚斯雄伟的欧罗巴山的中心地带，这是一个标志性的旅游胜地，在冬季尤为迷人。这些湖泊被皑皑白雪覆盖，四周环绕着雄伟的山脉，这幅自然奇观吸引着来自世界各地的游客。

除了令人惊叹的美景外，这里还有深厚的历史价值。科瓦东加湖附近是标志性的科瓦东加洞穴，既是阿斯图里亚斯著名的722年战役的发生地，也是收复失地运动的里程碑。因此，阿斯图里亚斯的这个角落也成了一个可以让人沉浸在自然和历史当中的理想之地。

这里还有一个独特的存在：健壮的阿斯图里亚斯奶牛，在温暖的月份，它们会在周围的绿草地上安静地吃草。这些适应了山地气候的奶牛象征着阿斯图里亚斯乡村生活的精髓。毫无疑问，这里是自然与历史完美交织的地方。快来探索阿斯图里亚斯的这个角落吧，这里的每一处风景都会向您诉说一个难忘的故事！

萨夫拉城堡，瓜达拉哈拉省，西班牙 Castle of Zafra, Guadalajara province, Spain (© Eduard Gene/Getty Images)

悬崖上的城堡 Castle on a crag

萨夫拉城堡，西班牙

萨夫拉城堡矗立在卡尔德雷罗斯山脉高耸的砂岩山丘上。12世纪，西班牙北部的几个基督教王国从摩尔人手中夺取了这一地区，他们在一座古老堡垒的遗址上建造了这座城堡，以保卫两个势力之间的边境地区。多年来，这座城堡经受了无数次战争的考验，包括基督教王国发动的反对西班牙穆斯林统治的军事行动，以及14世纪的卡斯蒂利亚内战。15世纪末，战争结束后，萨夫拉城堡的战略地位不再重要，开始变得破败不堪。1971年，城堡最后一任典狱长的后代唐·安东尼奥·桑兹·波罗从西班牙政府手中买下了这座城堡的遗址。随后，他花了30年时间修复城堡。如今，比起历史书，你更有可能在银幕上看到萨夫拉城堡，因为它曾被用作《权力的游戏》第六季的取景地。

Castle of Zafra, Spain

Perched atop a sandstone outcrop high in the Sierra de Caldereros stands the Castle of Zafra. When the Christian kingdoms of northern Spain took the region from its Moorish defenders in the 12th century, they built this castle on the site of an older fortress to defend the borderland between the two powers. Over the years, it withstood countless battles of the Reconquista—the military campaigns waged by Christian kingdoms against Muslim rule in Spain—and of the Castilian Civil War of the 14th century.

When the fighting ended in the late 15th century, the Castle of Zafra was no longer strategically important and began to fall into ruin. In 1971, Don Antonio Sanz Polo, a descendant of the castle's last warden, bought the site from the Spanish state. He then spent the next 30 years restoring the castle. These days, you're more likely to see the Castle of Zafra on the screen than in a history book—it doubled as the Tower of Joy in the sixth season of 'Game of Thrones.'

塞维利亚王宫少女庭院，西班牙 Courtyard of the Maidens, Alcázar of Seville, Spain (© Danny Lehman/Getty Images)

辉煌的塞维利亚 The splendor of Seville

塞维利亚皇家阿尔卡萨尔王宫，西班牙

今天，我们将走进历史悠久的西班牙伊斯兰帝国的中心。塞维利亚皇家阿尔卡萨城堡位于安达卢西亚南部地区，矗立在10世纪的城堡遗址上，在随后的200年间不断扩建。当基督教军队在1248年占领这座城市时，阿尔卡萨尔几乎完全按照穆德哈尔风格重建，这种风格从伊斯兰建筑的复杂装饰图案汲取了灵感。阿尔卡扎尔宫内有几个庭院，庭院两边都有雕刻精美的圆柱。其中之一就是今天要介绍的少女庭院。

这个美丽的庭院的中心是一个游泳池，静静的池水不仅倒映着安达卢西亚的湛蓝天空，还倒映着庭院拱门上错综复杂的纹饰。仔细观察这些拱门，你会看到雕刻的法蒂玛之手——一种据说能带来保护的象征，由植物和阿拉伯文字组成。柱子后面的墙壁上装饰着五颜六色的陶瓷片，上面有几何图案。这些瓷砖被称为“azulejos”（意思是“光滑的小石头”），是安达卢西亚装饰的标志。外面有一个大花园，花园里有喷泉和绿树成荫的小径，是在西班牙烈日下乘凉的绝佳地点。

Royal Alcázar of Seville, Spain

Today we're stepping into the heart of the historic empire of Islamic Spain. The Royal Alcázar of Seville, in the southern region of Andalusia, stands on the site of a 10th-century citadel, which was expanded over the following 200 years. When Christian forces captured the city in 1248, this historic palace was almost totally rebuilt in the Mudejar style, which takes inspiration from the intricate patterns and decorative motifs found in Islamic architecture. Within the Alcázar, there are several courtyards lined with delicately carved columns. One of these is the Patio de las Doncellas, or Courtyard of the Maidens, pictured here today.

In the center of this beautiful space is a pool, whose still waters provide reflections of not only the blue Andalucian sky above, but of the intricate latticework of the courtyard's arches. Look a little closer at these arches, and you'll see carved shells, Hands of Fatima—a symbol said to bring protection—plants, and Arabic script. Behind the columns, the walls are decorated with colorful ceramic tiles decorated with geometric patterns. These tiles, known as azulejos, are a hallmark of Andalusian decoration. Outside, there is a large garden full of fountains and tree-lined paths—a perfect spot to cool off from the hot Spanish sun.

富利特堡-德拉罗卡，加泰罗尼亚，西班牙 Castellfollit de la Roca, Catalonia, Spain (© Eloi_Omella/Getty Images)

加泰罗尼亚式的悬念 A Catalan cliffhanger

富利特堡-德拉罗卡，加泰罗尼亚，西班牙

坐落在玄武岩悬崖边上的小镇，眺望着脚下奔流不息的河流。今天的照片展示的是西班牙东北部加泰罗尼亚地区的富利特堡-德拉罗卡。这个小镇并不适合胆小的人：从160英尺高的悬崖上向下俯瞰，托罗内尔河和弗鲁维亚河在悬崖底部汇合。许多建筑都是由小镇所在的玄武岩建造而成，似乎就在悬崖边上岌岌可危。图为位于峭壁尽头的13世纪圣萨尔瓦多教堂。

富利特堡-德拉罗卡位于拉加罗克萨火山区自然公园内，该公园包含大约40座死火山。尽管在约11000年的时间里没有喷发，但该地区仍然被认为是地震活跃区。1428年，一场大地震袭击了该地区，50多英里外的巴塞罗那都有震感。上一次地震活动是在1901年和1902年，当时发生了两次小地震。如今，这个公园是远足者的热门景点，人们纷纷前往拉加罗克萨欣赏该地区壮观的火山景观。

Castellfollit de la Roca, Catalonia, Spain

Perched on the edge of a basalt cliff above two rivers, today's image takes us to Castellfollit de la Roca, in the Spanish region of Catalonia. This town is not for the faint-hearted: There's a 160-foot drop down to the Toronell and Fluvia rivers, which converge at the base of the cliff. Many of the buildings, which are made of the same basalt that the town stands on, seem to teeter on the edge of the precipice. Pictured at the end of the crag is the 13th-century church of Sant Salvador.

Castellfollit de la Roca is inside the Zona Volcànica de la Garrotxa Natural Park, which contains around 40 extinct volcanoes. Although there haven't been any eruptions for around 11,000 years, the area is still considered seismically active. In 1428, a major earthquake struck the area, which was felt in Barcelona, over 50 miles away. The last seismic activity was registered in 1901 and 1902, when there were two minor earthquakes. These days, the park is a popular spot among hikers, who head to Garrotxa to enjoy the region's spectacular volcanic landscapes.

铿锵有力的打击乐 Splashy percussion!

Bufadero de la Garita，大加那利岛，西班牙

西班牙有一个令人惊叹的景点，名为Bufadero de la Garita，您听说过吗？它位于西班牙的大加那利岛，离非洲西北部的大西洋海岸不远。这是一个不容错过的自然奇观，位于该岛风景如画的东海岸，是个迷人的“海上喷水孔”，海水以强劲的力量涌入岩石中又喷涌出来，创造出令人印象深刻的奇观，就像我们今天在图片中看到的那样。

海浪的冲击力是如此大，以至于海水上升到几英尺高的空中，形成壮观的海洋间歇喷泉。这里也成了自然爱好者和摄影爱好者的理想去处。到了这里，别忘了带上您的相机，捕捉这一独特时刻。我向您保证，您不会后悔的！此外，本月，大加那利岛会举办令人兴奋的圣希内斯国际帆船赛，这是一个充满乐趣的帆船赛事，将使您的旅程变得更加难忘。

风景如画的白色小镇

扎哈拉德拉谢拉，安达卢西亚，西班牙

扎哈拉德拉谢拉是西班牙加的斯省的一个白色小镇，它位于格拉萨莱马山脉自然公园内，毗邻扎哈拉-埃尔加斯托水库，在小镇的高处可以欣赏到水库绿松石般的壮丽景色。它还有美丽的鹅卵石街道网，保留着格拉纳达王国时期的布局。这片景观形成于安达卢斯时期，是王国之间商业交流和政治会议的战略要地。它悠久的历史和向现代城镇的演变可以追溯到16世纪。

在扎哈拉德拉谢拉观景台、莱潘托广场、龙达街和雷伊广场等标志性景点，您可以欣赏到丰富的文化遗产，从这些地方可以俯瞰水库的壮丽景色。

意大利卡，桑蒂蓬塞的一座古罗马城市，塞维利亚，安达卢西亚，西班牙 Italica, an old Roman city in Santiponce, Sevilla, Andalusia, Spain (© Moses Palermo/Amazing Aerial Agency)

昔日城市的“灵魂” Ghosts of cities past

意大利卡，桑蒂蓬塞的一座古罗马城市

公元前206年，在伊利帕战役之后，罗马将军兼政治家普布利乌斯·科尼利乌斯·西庇阿为帮助打败迦太基人的罗马老兵建造了一个定居点。该城位于瓜达尔基维尔河右岸，因居民来自意大利而被命名为“意大利卡”。这座城市是罗马人在伊比利亚半岛建立的第一个定居点，在该地区的罗马化进程中发挥了重要作用，该地区当时被称为伊斯帕尼亚，即今天的西班牙。意大利卡在建城后的几个世纪里蓬勃发展，尤其是在图拉真皇帝和哈德良皇帝统治时期。

意大利卡古城，曾经是繁华的城市中心，其最具标志性的特征就是今天图片中的圆形剧场。它是罗马帝国最大的圆形剧场之一，可容纳25000名观众，是当时罗马城人口的两倍多。除此之外，这里还有令人印象深刻的公共建筑遗迹、为纪念图拉真而建的神庙、浴场以及用精美马赛克装饰的别墅。意大利卡古城是保存完好的考古瑰宝，让人得以一窥罗马帝国的辉煌。

The ruins of Italica, Andalusia, Spain

It was the year 206 BCE. In the wake of the decisive Roman victory against the Carthaginians at the Battle of Ilipa, General Publius Cornelius Scipio built a settlement for veterans on the banks of the Guadalquivir River, in modern-day Spain. It was named Italica and was the first Roman settlement on the Iberian Peninsula. The city flourished in the following centuries and was the birthplace of two Roman emperors, Trajan and Hadrian.

The ruins of Italica, close to Seville, include the impressive amphitheater seen in today's image. One of the largest in the Roman Empire, it could accommodate up to 25,000 spectators, more than double the city's population. Beyond this, there are remains of public buildings, a temple built in honor of Trajan, baths, and villas decorated with stunning mosaics. Italica is an archeological gem, offering a glimpse into the grandeur of the Roman Empire.

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