标签 桥 下的文章

圆顶礁国家公园里的希克曼桥，美国犹他州 The Hickman Bridge at Capitol Reef National Park, Utah (© Tim Fitzharris/Minden Pictures)

走上这条人迹常见的小径 Take the trail more traveled by

Happy Birthday Capitol Reef National Park

You won't find a lot of solitude on the Hickman Bridge Trail, a 1.7-mile route in Capitol Reef National Park that leads to this magnificent natural arch. The trail is used by hikers, runners, and nature lovers drawn by incredible rock formations, gullies, and remnants from the Fremont Culture Native American civilization from the early part of the 20th century. Hickman Bridge itself is one of the best-known geologic features of the park.

Capitol Reef National Park was first established as a national monument on this day in 1937, then became a national park in 1971. Capitol Reef is named for its massive rock domes that reminded nearby residents of that famous rotunda of the US Capitol Building back in Washington, DC. Why Capitol 'Reef,' though? Because the imposing formations were major obstacles to travelers through the region, the same way a coral reef is an obstacle to sailors.

The geology of the park is defined by the nearly 100-mile Waterpocket Fold, a wrinkle in the Earth's crust that formed around the end of the dinosaur era. Wind, rain, and time have eroded the Navajo Sandstone into colorful canyons, buttes, and natural arches like Hickman Bridge. The dramatic rock formations make Capitol Reef a favorite destination in the American West.

生日快乐国会山珊瑚礁国家公园

在希克曼大桥小径上你不会发现太多的孤独，这条小径位于国会山礁国家公园，全长1.7英里，通往这座宏伟的天然拱门。这条小径供远足者、跑步者和自然爱好者使用，它们由难以置信的岩层、沟壑和20世纪早期弗里蒙特文化-美洲原住民文明的遗迹绘制而成。希克曼大桥本身就是公园最著名的地质特征之一。

国会山礁国家公园于1937年的今天首次作为国家纪念碑建立，然后在1971年成为国家公园。国会山礁以其巨大的岩石圆顶而命名，这让附近的居民想起了位于华盛顿特区的美国国会大厦的著名圆形大厅。然而，为什么国会大厦是“暗礁”？因为壮观的地形是该地区旅行者的主要障碍，就像珊瑚礁是水手的障碍一样。

公园的地质特征是近100英里的水袋褶皱，这是在恐龙时代末期形成的地壳褶皱。风、雨和时间把纳瓦霍砂岩侵蚀成了五颜六色的峡谷、山丘和希克曼大桥那样的天然拱门。引人注目的岩层使国会山礁成为美国西部最受欢迎的目的地。

一列火车穿过卡纳塔克邦的沙拉瓦蒂桥，印度 A train crossing the Sharavati Bridge in Karnataka, India (© Amith Nag Photography/Getty Images)

工程奇迹 An engineering marvel

Sharavati Bridge

This bridge at Honnavar was awarded second prize in the competition for Most outstanding Bridge National Awards 1995 – Category I by Indian Institute of Bridge Engineers.

Here, we are looking at the Sharavati Bridge, the longest railway bridge in the Indian state of Karnataka. It is 2,060 metres long and it carries the Konkan Railway over the Sharavati river. Constructed in 1984, the bridge is recognised around the globe as an engineering wonder. During the 20th century, the project to construct this bridge was considered to be the biggest and perhaps the most complicated railway undertaking (at least in this part of the world). The Konkan Railway has over 2,000 bridges and 91 tunnels constructed through some of the toughest terrains.

沙拉瓦蒂桥

这座位于Honnavar的大桥在1995年印度桥梁工程师学会颁发的最杰出桥梁国家奖（I类）竞赛中获得二等奖。

在这里，我们看到的是印度卡纳塔克邦最长的铁路桥沙拉瓦蒂桥。它长2060米，通过萨拉瓦蒂河运送Konkan铁路。这座桥建于1984年，是全球公认的工程奇迹。在20世纪，建造这座桥的项目被认为是最大的，也许是最复杂的铁路工程（至少在世界这一地区）。Konkan铁路有2000多座桥梁和91条隧道，穿越一些最恶劣的地形。

莫斯塔尔古桥，波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那 Stari Most in Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina (© Ayhan Altun/Getty Images)

“古桥”的新生 The 'Old Bridge,' reborn

Stari Most in Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina

For 427 years the Mostar Bridge stood strong, despite the belief that its original mortar was composed of egg whites. Truth is, not much is known about the 16th-century construction of this bridge in what is now known as Bosnia and Herzegovina. All that remains in historical records are memories and legends and the name of the bridge's builder, Mimar Hayruddin. He was charged by Suleiman the Magnificent to build an unprecedentedly wide arch, and threatened with death if the structure failed. Hayruddin is said to have been so unsure of his creation that he had made funeral preparations before the scaffolding was removed. Luckily (and much to the builder's probable relief), the arch remained intact. Suspended nearly 80 feet above the Neretva River, the highest point of the bridge's arch rises an additional 39.5 feet. Upon its completion in 1566, it was the widest manmade arch ever built and was compared by one explorer to 'a rainbow arch soaring up to the skies.'

Also known as Stari Most, or 'Old Bridge,' it was finally brought down in November 1993 after being hit by a barrage of shells in a targeted attack during the Bosnian War. Considered a treasure of Bosnian Islamic architecture, its destruction by Croatian forces was condemned around the world. Scholars referred to the act as an attempt at 'killing memory.' Due to its importance in the Mostar region, plans to rebuild the bridge as accurately as possible began at the war's end. The reconstructed bridge was unveiled to the public in 2004. Used for normal daily activities, the bridge also has history as a popular spot for annual diving competitions.

波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那莫斯塔尔的Stari Most

427年来，莫斯塔尔大桥一直屹立不倒，尽管人们相信它最初的砂浆是由蛋白组成的。事实是，关于16世纪在现在被称为波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那的地方修建这座桥，人们所知不多。历史记录中只剩下记忆和传说，还有大桥建造者米马尔·海鲁丁的名字。宏伟的苏莱曼（Suleiman the Magnium）要求他建造一座空前宽阔的拱门，并威胁说，如果拱门倒塌，他将面临死亡。据说，海鲁丁对自己的创作非常不确定，以至于在拆除脚手架之前，他就已经为葬礼做了准备。幸运的是（建筑商可能松了一口气），拱门仍然完好无损。悬挂在内雷特瓦河上方近80英尺的地方，桥拱的最高点再高出39.5英尺。1566年建成后，这是有史以来建造的最宽的人造拱门，一位探险家将其比作“一座翱翔天空的彩虹拱门”

它也被称为“Stari Most”，或“Old Bridge”，1993年11月，在波斯尼亚战争期间，在一次有针对性的袭击中，它被一连串炮弹击中，最终被拆毁。被认为是波斯尼亚伊斯兰建筑的瑰宝，克罗地亚军队对其的破坏受到全世界的谴责。学者们把这一行为称为试图“扼杀记忆”由于该桥在莫斯塔尔地区的重要性，在战争结束时就开始了尽可能准确地重建该桥的计划。重建后的大桥于2004年向公众公布。该桥用于正常的日常活动，历史上也是年度跳水比赛的热门场地。

仙岩寺中的升仙桥，韩国曹溪山道立公园 Seungseon Bridge at Seonam Temple in Jogyesan Provincial Park, South Korea (© Aaron Choi/Getty Images)

连接过去和现在 Bridging past and present

Seonam Temple, South Korea

The Seonam Temple, or Seonamsa, in Jogyesan Provincial Park, South Korea, is famed for expressing calm serenity. Just downstream, Buddhist monks built this gently arched bridge by hand centuries ago. Stones around the base record the names of visitors for posterity. Called the Seungseon Bridge ('the Ascending Immortals'), it's fitting to approach the temple itself on foot, at one with nature. The site is hidden away in ancient trees, with tranquil ponds and streams, gentle hiking trails, and gorgeous pagodas. The temple still ekes out its day in the traditional way, with mellow bells and meditation. The monks also cultivate wild tea plants and are happy to share the benefits of the harvest. You are at peace as soon as you arrive at Seonamsa, and there's little to distract you from the present moment.

The original temple is believed to have been built in the 9th century, but over the years war and a major fire caused extensive damage, and it had to be rebuilt in the 19th century. Now the Seonam Temple is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, along with six other 'sansa,' or Buddhist monasteries, dotted in the mountains throughout the southern provinces of the Korean Peninsula. Visitors are invited to stay overnight at the temple and follow the monks' daily practice, but you can also dip in for a day to absorb the peace and tranquility. Flowers in spring and colorful leaf displays in fall make those the most popular times to visit.

韩国色南寺

位于韩国Jogyesan省立公园的Seonam庙（Seonamsa）以表达平静而闻名。就在下游，佛教僧侣在几个世纪前手工建造了这座轻轻的拱桥。基地周围的石头为后人记录了游客的名字。这座名为Seungseon Bridge（“升天神仙”）的桥适合步行接近寺庙本身，与大自然融为一体。该遗址隐藏在古树丛中，有宁静的池塘和溪流，温和的徒步小道，还有华丽的宝塔。这座寺庙仍然以传统的方式，用柔和的钟声和冥想来维持它的一天。僧侣们还种植野生茶树，并乐于分享收获的好处。你一到达梭南沙就很平静，没有什么可以分散你对当下的注意力。

据信，原来的寺庙建于9世纪，但多年来，战争和一场大火造成了巨大的破坏，不得不在19世纪重建。现在，色南寺与其他六座“三萨”或佛教寺院一起被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产，分布在朝鲜半岛南部各省的山区。游客被邀请在寺庙过夜，并遵循僧侣们的日常修行，但你也可以泡一天来吸收和平与宁静。春天的鲜花和秋天五颜六色的树叶展览使这些地方成为最受欢迎的游览时间。

Ponte Gobbo桥，意大利博比奥 Ponte Vecchio bridge near Bobbio, Italy (© afinocchiaro/Getty Images)

特雷比亚河的左岸便是 On the left bank of the river Trebbia, lies...

Bobbio, Italy

Between the metropolis of Milan—the fashion and design capital of Italy—and the fabled seaport city of Genoa, you'll find this small river town in northern Italy. People have resided here since ancient times, including the Romans, but the town really began to flourish when the abbey was constructed in the 7th century. For much of the Middle Ages, the Bobbio Abbey and its vast library made the town a center of religion, culture, and learning.

These days, Bobbio is a regular tourist stop perhaps best known for its old bridge, or Ponte Vecchio (not to be confused with THE Ponte Vecchio in Florence). Bobbio's old bridge spans the river Trebbia with 11 arches of unequal size and is commonly called Ponte Gobbo (Hunchback Bridge), because of its irregular shape.

Bobbio remains a jewel box of a town frozen in time. With its many small churches, modest houses, and cobblestone streets, Bobbio maintains the character of a medieval village nestled the Trebbia valley. Ernest Hemingway described the Val Trebbia as 'the most beautiful in the world,' and with views like this, who could argue with him?

意大利博比奥

在意大利时尚和设计之都米兰和传说中的海港城市热那亚之间，你会发现这个意大利北部的小河镇。自古以来，这里就有人居住，包括罗马人，但当修道院于7世纪建成时，这座城镇真正开始繁荣起来。在中世纪的大部分时间里，博比奥修道院及其巨大的图书馆使该镇成为宗教、文化和学习的中心。

如今，博比奥是一个固定的旅游站，也许最著名的是它的老桥，或者叫Vecchio桥（不要和佛罗伦萨的Vecchio桥混淆）。博比奥的旧桥横跨特雷比亚河，有11座大小不等的拱门，因其形状不规则，通常被称为“驼背桥”（Ponte Gobbo）。

博比奥仍然是一个被时间冻结的城镇的珠宝盒。博比奥有许多小教堂、简陋的房屋和鹅卵石街道，保持着特雷比亚山谷一个中世纪村庄的特色。欧内斯特·海明威（Ernest Hemingway）将瓦尔·特雷比娅（Val Trebbia）描述为“世界上最美的”，有这样的观点，谁能和他争论呢？

托利莫尔森林公园的弗利桥，英国北爱尔兰 (© Adrian McGlynn/Alamy)

伊丽莎白女皇码头桥，澳大利亚珀斯 Elizabeth Quay Bridge in Perth, Australia (© Amazing Aerial Agency/Offset by Shutterstock)

Bridge to infinity

Infinity Day has us visiting Perth, Australia, and the Elizabeth Quay Bridge. From this aerial view, the bridge closely resembles a tilted ∞, the common symbol for infinity first popularized in a 17th-century mathematical text. We recognize this unofficial holiday every August 8, because the number 8 resembles the infinity symbol, and the eighth day of the eighth month is an infinitely superior day to celebrate the infinite.

View this bridge from ground level and you'll quickly realize that the graceful figure-8 seen from above is something altogether different when viewed from below. The architects behind this bridge designed it to dramatically link the Swan River with the city. The upper left and bottom right curves seen in this image are actually double arches that loop up and then under a 360-foot pedestrian and bicycle pathway. This pathway offers striking views of Perth's central business district and links the area with the newly developed Elizabeth Quay mixed-use development, featuring shops, cafés, apartments, and bars. If you do ever have a chance to take a walk on this bridge, we recommend taking a moment to ponder the infinite, just like the mathematicians and philosophers of the 17th century did.

通向无限的桥梁

“无限日”让我们参观了澳大利亚的珀斯和伊丽莎白码头大桥。从鸟瞰图上看，这座桥非常像一座倾斜的桥∞, 无穷大的通用符号首次在17世纪的数学文本中普及。我们每年8月8日都会庆祝这个非官方的节日，因为数字8类似于无限的符号，而8月的第八天是庆祝无限的一个非常好的日子。

从地面上看这座桥，你会很快意识到从上面看到的优美的8号图形与从下面看到的完全不同。这座桥背后的建筑师将其设计成戏剧性地将天鹅河与城市连接起来。图中左上角和右下角的曲线实际上是双拱门，在一条360英尺长的人行道和自行车道下循环。这条小路可以看到珀斯中央商务区的醒目景色，并将该地区与新开发的伊丽莎白码头（Elizabeth Quay）混合用途开发区连接起来，以商店、咖啡馆、公寓和酒吧为特色。如果你有机会在这座桥上散步，我们建议你花点时间思考一下无限，就像17世纪的数学家和哲学家那样。

鸟瞰罗伊斯河上的教堂桥，瑞士卢塞恩 (© Neleman Initiative/Gallery Stock) Aerial view of Chapel Bridge over the river Reuss in Lucerne, Switzerland (© Neleman Initiative/Gallery Stock)

A Swiss city of bridges

We're in the heart of Switzerland looking down on the compact city of Lucerne, a charming waterfront setting along the shores of its namesake lake and the river Reuss. Surrounded by snow-capped mountains just out of frame, Lucerne lies in the Swiss-German speaking part of central Switzerland and is divided into two parts linked by a series of bridges. The most famous of these bridges—the centerpiece and symbol of Lucerne—is the Kapellbrücke (Chapel Bridge), a covered wooden footbridge which you can see spanning diagonally across the Reuss in our photo. The building rising from the river alongside the footbridge is a medieval water tower, which has been used as a prison, torture chamber, local archive, and treasury.

Originally built in 1333 as part of Lucerne's fortifications, Chapel Bridge connected the old town on the right bank of the Reuss to the new town on the left, securing the city from attack via Lake Lucerne to the south. It is believed to be the oldest covered wooden bridge in Europe, as well as the world's oldest surviving truss bridge, although much of it had to be replaced after a devastating fire in 1993. Named for the nearby St. Peter's Chapel—the oldest original church structure in Lucerne—Chapel Bridge is picturesque in more ways than one: There are dozens of interior paintings on triangular panels underneath the bridge's roof that date back to the 17th century. The paintings by local Catholic artist Hans Heinrich Wägmann depict historical events from the town, and despite the fire destroying most of the artwork, you can still admire some of the original paintings when crossing the river.

瑞士桥梁之城

我们在瑞士的中心，俯瞰着紧凑的城市卢塞恩，这是一个迷人的海滨城市，坐落在与之同名的湖和雷乌斯河沿岸。卢塞恩位于瑞士中部讲瑞士德语的地区，四周是刚出格的雪山，被一系列桥梁连接起来，分成两部分。这些桥中最著名的是卡佩尔布桥——卢塞恩的中心和象征ü教堂桥（Chapel Bridge），一座有盖的木制人行天桥，你可以在我们的照片中看到它斜跨在罗伊斯河上。沿着人行天桥从河里拔地而起的建筑是一座中世纪的水塔，它曾被用作监狱、刑讯室、地方档案馆和国库。

教堂桥始建于1333年，是卢塞恩防御工事的一部分，它连接了罗伊斯河右岸的老城和左岸的新城，通过卢塞恩湖向南保护城市免受攻击。它被认为是欧洲最古老的有盖木桥，也是世界上现存最古老的桁架桥，尽管在1993年的一场毁灭性的火灾后，大部分建筑不得不被替换。卢塞恩教堂桥最古老的原始教堂结构以附近的圣彼得教堂命名，但它在许多方面都如画如画：桥顶下的三角形面板上有几十幅室内画，可以追溯到17世纪。当地天主教艺术家汉斯·海因里希Wä格曼描绘了镇上的历史事件，尽管大火烧毁了大部分艺术品，但过河时你仍然可以欣赏到一些原作。

斯洛文尼亚索奇河上的木制吊桥上骑自行车的人的鸟瞰图 Aerial view of cyclists on a wooden suspension bridge over the river Soča in Slovenia (© Amazing Aerial Agency/Offset by Shutterstock)

Get on your bike and ride

In honor of the UN's World Bicycle Day, we're at Triglav National Park in Slovenia, with a birds-eye view of riders crossing this dubious-looking wooden suspension bridge over the glacial blue water of the river called Soča. Protecting some of the most magnificent mountain landscapes of the Julian Alps, Triglav is the country's only national park, but it's a stunner. Running along Slovenia's northwestern border with Italy, Triglav was first protected as a 'conservation park' in 1924, then made a national park in 1981. The park gets its name from the mountain at its heart, Triglav, long considered a symbol of Slovenia and of Slovene identity.

Since 2018, the UN General Assembly has recognized June 3 as World Bicycle Day to honor 'the uniqueness, longevity, and versatility of the bicycle, which has been in use for two centuries.' The bicycle has gone through many iterations since Karl Drais created the brake-less, pedal-less bike forerunner called a 'velocipede' in 1817. The German inventor would likely be floored by today's variety of bike options, from new lightweight road bikes to heavier mountain bikes with fatter, knobby tires designed to handle rougher terrain. More than 200 years after von Drais introduced his two-wheeled contraption, bicycles remain as popular as ever. Chances are there's one just waiting for you to take it for a spin, and what better day to do so than World Bicycle Day?

骑上你的自行车

为了纪念联合国的世界自行车日，我们来到了斯洛文尼亚的特里格拉夫国家公园，鸟瞰着骑手们穿过这座看起来可疑的木制吊桥，桥上是一条蓝色的冰川河，这条河被称为Soča。特里格拉夫保护着朱利安阿尔卑斯山上一些最壮丽的山景，是这个国家唯一的国家公园，但它是一个惊人的奇迹。特里格拉夫位于斯洛文尼亚西北部与意大利交界处，1924年首次作为“保护公园”受到保护，1981年被列为国家公园。该公园的名字来源于其核心山脉特里格拉夫，长期以来被认为是斯洛文尼亚和斯洛文尼亚人身份的象征。

自2018年以来，联合国大会将6月3日定为世界自行车日，以纪念自行车的独特性、长寿性和多功能性，这种自行车已经使用了两个世纪。自从卡尔·德赖斯发明了无刹车自行车以来，自行车经历了多次迭代，1817年被称为“velocipede”的无踏板自行车的先驱。这位德国发明家很可能会被今天各种各样的自行车选择所打倒，从新的轻型公路自行车到更重的山地自行车，这些自行车的轮胎设计得更胖、多节，以适应更崎岖的地形。在冯·德赖斯发明了他的双轮装置200多年后，自行车仍然像以前一样流行。很有可能有一天你正等着去兜风呢，还有什么日子比世界自行车日更好呢？

新河峡国家公园中的新河峡大桥，西弗吉尼亚州 New River Gorge Bridge in the New River Gorge National Park and Preserve, West Virginia (© Entropy Workshop/iStock/Getty Images Plus)

A river runs through it

To kick off National Park Week, which begins today, we're visiting America's newest national park, the New River Gorge National Park and Preserve, in West Virginia. This incredible view is of the New River Gorge Bridge, which, when completed in 1977, was the world's highest bridge carrying a regular roadway. It held that distinction for 24 years and is now a popular attraction for BASE jumpers and rappelers.

Far below the bridge is the New River, which—despite its name—is the second oldest river in the world. Its exact age is unknown, but geologists believe the New River is a segment of the preglacial Teays River, which fossil evidence suggests could be 320 million years old. Today, rafters and kayakers come to ride the New River rapids, which can reach a level of Class V, which means they're among the most difficult waters to navigate.

一条河穿过它

为了拉开今天开始的国家公园周的序幕，我们将参观美国最新的国家公园，西弗吉尼亚州的新河峡谷国家公园和保护区。这是令人难以置信的观点是新河峡谷大桥，这是在1977年建成时，世界上最高的桥梁进行定期道路。24年来，它一直保持着这一殊荣，现在已经成为跳垒和饶舌的热门景点。

桥下远处是新河，尽管它的名字是世界上第二古老的河流。它的确切年龄不得而知，但地质学家认为这条新河是前冰期Teays河的一段，化石证据表明这条河可能有3.2亿年的历史。今天，椽子和皮划艇来乘坐新的河流急流，这可以达到五级水平，这意味着他们之间的最困难的水域航行。