标签美国下的文章

阿玛咖港, 阿拉斯加美国 Amalga Harbor, Alaska (© Mark Kelley/Tandem Stills + Motion)

一切都很平静 All is calm

阿拉斯加阿玛咖港的圣诞节

“最后的边境”上的这个与世隔绝的小海湾是你最不可能看到圣诞树从头到脚装饰着闪闪发光的地方。阿玛咖港位于朱诺（美国为数不多的沿海州首府之一）以北约15英里处，这表明公众表达圣诞快乐的方式很少有局限性，可能包括使用小型驳船。这张照片拍摄于附近的欧内斯特·格鲁宁州历史公园，该公园以阿拉斯加州前州长的名字命名。格鲁宁在1939年至1953年领导该地区，1959年阿拉斯加成为该州的第一批美国参议员之一。在他的政治生涯结束后，他和妻子住在一间小屋里，这间小屋被作为这一历史遗迹的一部分保存下来。

Christmas in Amalga Harbor, Alaska

This isolated cove on 'the Last Frontier' is the least likely place you'd expect to find a Christmas tree decorated from head to toe with lights aglow. Amalga Harbor lies about 15 miles north of Juneau (one of the few coastal state capitals in the US) and shows that the public expression of Christmas cheer knows few limitations–and may include use of a small barge. This photograph was taken from nearby Ernest Gruening State Historical Park, which was named for the former governor of the Alaska Territory. Gruening led the territory from 1939 to 1953 before becoming one of the state's first US senators when Alaska became a state in 1959. After his political career ended, he and his wife lived in a cabin that was preserved as part of this historic site.

迈阿密海滩海洋大道，美国佛罗里达州 Miami, Florida (© Matteo Colombo/Getty Images)

在艺术天堂追逐夏天 Chasing summer in the art world

迈阿密海滩巴塞尔艺术展

每年12月，艺术世界的中心不是在纽约、东京或伦敦，而是在一个以宽阔的沙滩、古巴咖啡馆和刚果节奏而闻名的小镇。迈阿密巴塞尔艺术博览会（Art Basel Miami Beach）于今天结束了为期三天的展览，是在瑞士巴塞尔（该艺术节于1970年开始）、香港和巴黎举办的国际艺术博览会的美国站。该活动已有20年的历史，是北美最全面的当代艺术博览会，吸引了数千名艺术家、经销商、收藏家、欣赏者，以及寻求乐趣的游客，参加一年一度的创意盛会。

Art Basel Miami Beach

Every December the center of the art world convenes not in New York, Tokyo, or London, but in a town known more for its wide sandy beaches, café Cubano, and conga rhythms. Art Basel Miami Beach, which wraps up its three-day run today, is the American leg of an international art fair also staged in Basel, Switzerland (where the festival started in 1970), Hong Kong, and Paris. The event, now 20 years old, is the most comprehensive contemporary art fair in North America, attracting thousands of artists, dealers, collectors, appreciators, and just fun-seeking tourists for this annual burst of creativity steps from the sand.

特里卡基拉河三角洲，阿拉斯加州克拉克湖国家公园，美国 Tlikakila River Delta in Lake Clark National Park, Alaska (© Dawn Wilson Photography/Getty Images)

保护阿拉斯加的自然之美 Preserving Alaska's natural beauty

特里卡基拉河三角洲

1980年的这一天，历史上最大规模的保护地扩张使美国国家公园系统的规模扩大了一倍。在那之前，阿拉斯加没有国家公园，但现在该州有八个，加上众多的纪念碑和保护区，保护着超过1.57亿英亩的土地。当卡特总统签署《阿拉斯加国家利益土地保护法案》时，公众有权欣赏像今天照片中这样令人惊叹的地方：克拉克湖国家公园51英里长的特利卡基拉河的辫状河三角洲。

在当地的阿萨巴斯坎语中，Tlikakila字面意思是“鲑鱼在那里。”该公园以盛产鲑鱼的水道而闻名，因此，鱼类对当地经济和生态系统至关重要。当地的熊群从过量的鲑鱼中受益，在克拉克湖看熊很受欢迎。丰富的三文鱼也让公园里的狼群受益匪浅，这是世界上唯一一只只依赖三文鱼的狼群。

Tlikakila River Delta

On this day in 1980, the single largest expansion of protected lands in history doubled the size of the US National Park System. Prior to that day, Alaska had no national parks, but now the state has eight, plus numerous monuments and preserves that protect more than 157 million total acres. When President Carter signed the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act, the public was granted the right to appreciate stunning locations like the one in today's photo: the braided river delta of the 51-mile long Tlikakila River in Lake Clark National Park.

In the native Athabaskan language, Tlikakila literally means 'salmon are there river.' The park is known for its salmon-laden waterways and, as such, the fish is of major importance to the local economy and ecosystem. Local bear populations benefit from the excess salmon, and bear watching is very popular at Lake Clark. The abundance of salmon has also benefited a wolf pack within the park—the only one in the world known to be solely dependent on salmon.

犹他州锡安国家公园的维尔京河，美国 Virgin River in Zion National Park, Utah (© Jonathan Ross/Getty)

历经百年的锡安国家公园 103 years of Zion

锡安国家公园的维珍河

我们的照片将我们带到16英里长的维珍河，在那里它穿过犹他州锡安峡谷上游，形成了一个壮观的千英尺深的峡谷。流经锡安国家公园（今天已满103岁！），由于科罗拉多高原、大盆地和莫哈韦沙漠交汇处的独特生物群落，维珍河是其他地方所没有的独特植物和动物的家园。如果没有维珍河水系的水，像世界上最稀有的物种之一的wondfin小鱼这样的生物就不可能存在。

Virgin River in Zion National Park

Our photo brings us to a 16-mile stretch of the Virgin River where it cuts a spectacular thousand-foot-deep gorge through the upper reaches of Utah's Zion Canyon. Flowing through Zion National Park (which turns 103 today!), the Virgin River is home to unique plants and animals that aren't found anywhere else, due to the unique intersection of biomes found where the Colorado Plateau, Great Basin, and Mojave Desert all meet. Without the water of the Virgin River system, creatures like the woundfin minnow, one of rarest species on the planet, couldn't exist.

威拉米特国家森林麦肯齐河步道上的桥，美国 Bridge on the McKenzie River Trail, Willamette National Forest, Oregon (© Don Paulson/Danita Delimont)

徒步旅行 Take a hike!

麦肯齐河步道上的桥梁

我们的照片显示俄勒冈州的麦肯齐河国家休闲步道，威拉米特国家森林的一部分。这条小径蜿蜒于湖泊、河流和泉水之间，引导您穿过荫蔽的古老森林。其中一个亮点是可以俯瞰塔莫利奇蓝池（Tamolich Blue Pool），这是一个清澈见底的游泳池，由河水注入其中而成。

Bridge on the McKenzie River Trail

Our photo shows Oregon's McKenzie River National Recreation Trail, part of the Willamette National Forest. This trail winds by lakes, rivers, and springs, guiding you through shady old-growth forests. One highlight: the view overlooking Tamolich Blue Pool, a crystal-clear pool created by the river bubbling up into it.

梅萨维德国家公园的悬崖宫，美国 Cliff dwellings in Mesa Verde National Park in Colorado, USA (© Brad McGinley Photography/Getty Images)

《保护世界文化和自然遗产公约》 A 50-year balancing act

世界遗产50年

在1972年11月16日的《世界遗产公约》上，联合国教科文组织通过了一项国际条约，首次将自然保护和文化遗产保护的概念联系起来。世界遗产项目是由埃及计划修建的阿斯旺大坝引发的，该大坝将淹没尼罗河流域的大片地区和数千件考古珍品。

梅萨维德国家公园是普埃布洛斯祖师居住了七个世纪的地方，1978年被联合国教科文组织委员会选为首批世界遗产。

50 years of World Heritage Sites

At its World Heritage Convention on November 16, 1972, UNESCO adopted an international treaty that for the first time linked the concepts of nature conservation and preservation of cultural properties. The World Heritage Sites program was sparked by Egypt's planned construction of the Aswan High Dam, which would have flooded a large swath of the Nile Valley and thousands of archeological treasures.

Mesa Verde National Park, where Ancestral Puebloans lived for seven centuries, was among the first World Heritage Sites chosen by the UNESCO committee, in 1978.

雷暴中恶地国家公园的岩层，美国南达科他州 Rock formations in Badlands National Park during a lightning storm, South Dakota (© DEEPOL by plainpicture)

恶地国家公园的一场闪电？ A Bad Lightning?

荒地国家公园

44年前的今天，南达科他州一个崎岖、荒凉的地区被指定为国家公园，以保护在陆地上发现的许多化石。该地区作为美洲原住民的狩猎场已有11000年的历史。事实上，我们今天所知道的名字Badlands来自拉科塔语“mako sica”，字面意思是“糟糕的土地”它占地近380平方英里，被严重侵蚀的岩层使它成为美国最独特的景观之一。

它还在形成！国家公园管理局表示，荒地每年侵蚀约一英寸，随着侵蚀速度的加快，侵蚀速度非常快。科学家估计，在未来50万年内，荒地将被完全侵蚀。可能想很快开始计划你的访问。

Badlands National Park

Forty-four years ago today, a rugged, inhospitable area of South Dakota was designated a national park to protect the many fossils found on the land. The area had an 11,000-year previous history as hunting grounds for Native Americans. In fact, the name we know it by today, Badlands, comes from the Lakota phrase 'mako sica,' which literally translates to 'bad lands.' Covering nearly 380 square miles, its harshly eroded rock formations make it one of the most distinct landscapes in the United States.

And it's still forming! The National Park Service says the Badlands erode about an inch every year, which is awfully fast as erosion goes. Scientists estimate that within the next half million years, the Badlands will have eroded away completely. Might want to start planning your visit soon.

1990年纽约市马拉松比赛，参赛者穿过韦拉扎诺海峡大桥 Runners in the 1990 New York City Marathon crossing the Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge (© David Madison/Getty Images)

跑过纽约五个行政区 Racing through the five boroughs

韦拉扎诺海峡大桥

2022年纽约市马拉松赛的路线就从这里开始，在韦拉扎诺海峡大桥，从斯塔顿岛（Staten Island）穿过布鲁克林（Brooklyn），最终穿过纽约的五个自治区。这张照片让你知道今天将有多少人跑步。因为比赛在11月的一个早晨很早就开始了，许多跑步者都穿着分层的衣服来抵御典型的寒冷。但一旦它们从跑步中升温，这些层就会脱落，经常被丢弃在人行道上。比赛组织者收集每年约26吨的遗留下来的运动装备，并将其捐赠给慈善机构。

Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge

The route for the 2022 New York City Marathon starts right here at the Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge, crossing from Staten Island into Brooklyn, eventually coursing through all five boroughs of New York. This photo gives you an idea of just how many people will be running today. Because the race starts early on a November morning, many runners show up in layered clothing to beat the typical chill. But once they heat up from running, those layers come off and are often discarded on sidewalks. Race organizers collect the activewear left behind, about 26 tons a year, and donate it to charity.

美国南部的别样秋景 Leaf-peeping Southern style

乔治亚州的柏树

秋天的树叶是秋天的标志，当人们想到法兰绒、灯芯绒、南瓜香料和其他东西时。阳光明媚的白天和清爽的夜晚邀请我们走出去欣赏树叶的颜色变化。虽然有些人可能认为新英格兰的枫树是窥视树叶的金标准，但其他人则会把奖品授予落基山脉的白杨或南方的柏树。

佐治亚州的这些秃顶柏树变成了明亮的金色、橙色和深红色，与北方的竞争对手相媲美。大多数种类的柏树都是常绿的，但秃顶的柏树是落叶的，它们的花边针叶在秋天变成鲜艳的铜色，在冬天秋天，然后树木在春天长出一套新的针叶。秃柏原产于美国东南部，在墨西哥湾沿岸的密西西比河流域盛产。它们在路易斯安那州的河口是一个熟悉的景象，也生长在大西洋中部的沿海平原，就像这片帝王林。秃柏树在河岸和沼泽等潮湿条件下茁壮成长。这些生长缓慢的植物通常高达100英尺以上，为两栖动物、鱼类和鸟类提供了重要的栖息地，并保护海岸线免受侵蚀和洪水。如果你在一年中的这个时候来到这个地区，在温和的巨人们脱掉秋季服装之前，前往沼泽地观看秋季展览。

Bald cypress trees in Georgia

Fall foliage is the hallmark of autumn, when thoughts turn to flannel and corduroy, pumpkin spice and s'mores. Sunny days and crisp nights invite us to step outside to enjoy the changing colors of the leaves. While some may consider the maples of New England the leaf-peeping gold standard, others would give the prize to the aspens of the Rocky Mountains or the cypress trees of the South.

These bald cypress trees in Georgia turn brilliant shades of gold, orange, and crimson that rival their northern competitors. Most varieties of cypress are evergreen, but bald cypresses are deciduous—their lacy needles turn this vibrant copper color in autumn, fall in winter, then the trees grow a new set of needles in the spring. Bald cypresses are native to the southeastern US and flourish in the Mississippi River basin along the Gulf Coast. They're a familiar sight in the bayous of Louisiana and also grow in the coastal plains of the mid-Atlantic, like this regal grove. Bald cypresses thrive in wet conditions like riverbanks and swamps. Commonly reaching well over 100 feet tall, these slow growers provide important habitat for amphibians, fish, and birds, and they protect coastlines from erosion and flooding. If you're in the area this time of year, head to the swamp to see the autumn display before the gentle giants shed their fall outfits.

楚科奇海的浮游植物水华，美国阿拉斯加州海岸附近 Blooms of phytoplankton in the Chukchi Sea off the coast of Alaska (© Norman Kuring/Kathryn Hansen/U.S. Geological Survey/NASA)

什么生长得这样茂盛？ What's blooming so brightly?

楚科奇海浮游植物的大量繁殖

在这张酷酷的照片中，数百种深浅的蓝色被大理石镶嵌在一起。不，这不是一件现代艺术作品，它是大自然的杰作。这是一张卫星照片，照片中的浮游植物在阿拉斯加附近盛开，凉爽、咸的楚科奇海与靠近海岸的温暖、新鲜的海水混合在一起。

但究竟什么是浮游植物？它们是微小的太阳能生物，漂浮在海面附近，随洋流漂流。事实上，它们的名字来源于希腊语中植物的“phyton”和流浪者或漂泊者的“planktos”。对于生活在海洋和河口的各种生物来说，浮游植物既美味又营养，对地球上的每一个人都至关重要：浮游植物的光合作用约占世界光合作用的一半，是吸收二氧化碳和释放氧气的太阳能过程。

今天我们谈论浮游植物是为了纪念地球科学周，这是一个鼓励我们所有人学习甚至献身于地球科学的国际活动。今年的主题是“地球科学促进可持续发展世界”，强调科学在维持我们的星球上的作用。所以，是时候掸掉显微镜上的灰尘，参观当地的科学博物馆，或者也许只是了解更多关于美丽的旋转浮游植物的知识。

Blooms of phytoplankton in the Chukchi Sea

Hundreds of shades of blue are marbled together in this cool shot. No, it's not a work of modern art, it's right off the brush of nature. This is a satellite photo of phytoplankton blooming near Alaska as the cool, salty Chukchi Sea mingles with warmer, fresher water closer to shore.

But just what are phytoplankton? They're microscopic sun-powered organisms that float near the surface of the ocean, drifting with the currents. In fact, their name derives from the Greek 'phyton' for plant and 'planktos' for wanderer or drifter. Delicious and nutritious to various creatures living in oceans and estuaries, they're also vital to everyone on Earth: Phytoplankton are responsible for about half of the world's photosynthesis, the sun-powered process that takes in carbon dioxide and releases oxygen.

We're talking phytoplankton today in honor of Earth Science Week, an international event encouraging all of us to learn about or even devote our life to the Earth sciences. This year's theme is 'Earth Science for a Sustainable World,' emphasizing science's role in sustaining our planet. So, time to dust off that microscope, visit your local science museum, or perhaps just learn more about beautiful, swirling phytoplankton.

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