标签 山脉 下的文章

艾纳, 塞古拉山脉, 阿尔瓦塞特, 西班牙 Ayna, Sierra del Segura, Albacete, Spain (© Juan Maria Coy Vergara/Getty Images)

西班牙的小瑞士 Spain's little Switzerland

艾纳，阿尔瓦塞特， 西班牙

说起西班牙，你脑海中首先浮现的可能不是雪，但从高耸入云的山峰到阳光温暖的海滩，西班牙拥有各种地貌。图片中的小村庄艾纳坐落于由蒙多河冲刷而成的陡峭山谷中，周围环绕着塞古拉山脉，人口不足1000人。冬季，这里白雪皑皑，因此人们常把这个小镇称为 “曼切根瑞士”。而这个名称中的“曼切根”则指的是艾纳所属的卡斯蒂利亚-拉曼恰自治区。艾纳距离西班牙首都马德里以南约150英里，是西班牙乡村生活的独特一瞥。

Aýna, Albacete, Spain

Welcome to the tiny Spanish village of Aýna, in a steep valley carved by the River Mundo in the Sierra del Segura range. This part of the Castile-La Mancha region is sometimes called Manchegan Switzerland, thanks to those snow-capped peaks during the winter months. The steep, rocky terrain here means the villagers, of whom there are less than 1,000, cultivate the land on terraces dug into the mountainside. To see Aýna from this perspective, you'll need to visit the Mirador del Diablo, or Devil's Viewpoint, one of several viewing areas dotted around this picturesque valley.

阿尔卑斯山脉锡尔夫雷塔山的乔里森湖，瑞士 Jöriseen lakes in the Silvretta Alps, Switzerland (© Florin Baumann/Getty Images)

蓝湖和险峰 Bright blue lakes and rugged mountains

阿尔卑斯山脉锡尔夫雷塔山的约里森湖，瑞士

今天我们要探索一处超凡脱俗的奇景：瑞士达沃斯附近的约里森湖群。天气晴朗时，湖面会呈现出不真实的蓝色，和周围灰暗、嶙峋的锡尔夫雷塔山形成鲜明的对比。阳光被水中的“岩粉”（湖床被冰川摩擦产生的细微的岩石颗粒）反射，形成了这种鲜艳的蓝色。锡尔夫雷塔山被冰川环绕，和碧蓝色的约里森湖一起被称为“蓝色锡尔夫雷塔”。如果你想亲眼目睹此景，要知道来到此地的路途并不容易。记得带上合适的徒步鞋、大量的饮用水和强健的双腿。

Jöriseen lakes in the Silvretta Alps, Switzerland

Today we're exploring a place of otherworldly beauty: the Jöriseen, a group of alpine lakes near Davos, Switzerland. On sunny days, the lakes glow an ethereal blue, contrasting with the dark, jagged Silvretta Alps that encircle them. The sunlight is reflected in the water by 'rock flour'—silt-sized rock particles generated from the grinding of bedrock by glaciers.

The Silvretta Alps sit across the Swiss-Austrian border and are themselves surrounded by glaciers in an area known as the 'Blue Silvretta.' If you want to enjoy these stunning views up close, you'll have to work for it. Bring your best hiking boots, plenty of water, and some strong legs.

菲希特尔山脉上的和平钟，萨克森州，德国 Peace bell on the summit of Fichtelberg, Saxony, Germany (© Jan Drahokoupil/Getty Images)

和平之钟 A bell for peace

菲希特尔山脉，德国萨克森州

菲希特尔山位于厄尔士山脉的上维森塔尔镇附近。这座山高1214米，是东德最高的山峰，也是冬季运动爱好者的圣地。这里有各种冬季运动，双板滑雪、单板滑雪、越野滑雪、雪橇雪橇和马拉雪橇等等。如果你更喜欢夏天，也可以在这里来场夏日旅行，体验这里的自然风景。在菲希特尔山顶有一座和平钟，在这里欣赏到周围群山的壮丽景色。

Peace bell on Fichtelberg, Germany

The Fichtelberg is located on the Oberwiesenthal in the Ore Mountains. This mountain is 1214 m high, making it not only the highest mountain in East Germany but also a very prestigious place for winter sports enthusiasts. All kinds of sports are offered. From classic skiing and snowboarding to cross-country skiing, cross-country skiing tours, tobogganing, and horse-drawn sleigh rides. If you prefer summer, you can also enjoy this place in the warm season and completely immerse yourself in untouched nature. At the top of the mountain, you can visit the Fichtelberghaus. From there you have a breathtaking view of the surrounding mountains.

多洛米蒂山脉安特莫亚湖上的日晕，意大利 Sun halo over Lake Antermoia in the Dolomite Mountains of Italy (© Walter Donega/Getty Images)

环绕太阳的彩虹 Rainbow around the sun

意大利安特莫亚湖上空的太阳晕

从这里开始，日子只会变长！北半球今天标志着冬天的开始，但冬至也是一年中最短的一天。这里环绕太阳的彩虹，一个太阳光环，位于意大利北部多洛米特山脉的安特摩亚湖上方。当太阳或月亮的光线穿过悬浮在上层大气中的冰晶时，就会形成太阳晕。当太阳光照射到晶体上时，它们就充当了一个棱镜，将光分成光谱中的不同颜色，就像暴雨后彩虹出现的方式一样。

Sun halo over Lake Antermoia, Italy

The days only get longer from here! The Northern Hemisphere marks the beginning of winter today, but the winter solstice is also the shortest day of the year. The rainbow that encircles the sun here, a sun halo, is above Lake Antermoia, in the Dolomite Mountains of northern Italy. Sun halos form when sun or moon light shines through ice crystals suspended in the upper atmosphere. When the light of the sun hits the crystals they serve as a prism, separating the light into individual colors of the spectrum, the same way rainbows occur after a rain shower.

泰根塞山脉Roßstein山顶的景色，德国巴伐利亚州 View from the summit of Roßstein mountain, Bavaria, Germany (© Christian Bäck/eStock Photo)

国际山岳日 International Mountain Day

特根塞山脉

山脉是我们世界上最有趣的地质特征之一。山脉也成为无数代人类的游乐场和崇拜场所，这清楚地证明了地球表面下发生的巨大变化。几千年来，任何对如此多的人和文化如此重要的东西都值得纪念。因此，在12月11日，我们庆祝国际山地日！

我们的旅程将带我们前往位于特根塞山脉的上巴伐利亚州，这是一个属于巴伐利亚前阿尔卑斯山脉的山区。这张照片显示了从罗ß斯坦河（1698米）到布赫斯坦河（1701米）的景色。这两座山形成了一座双峰，泰格恩塞·吕特（Tegernsee Hütte）就坐落在它的马鞍上。该避难所于5月中旬至11月初开放，为徒步旅行者和登山者提供食宿。由于其暴露的位置，其位置通常被称为“鹰巢”。

Tegernsee Mountains

Mountains are some of the most interesting geological features that our world has to offer. Clear proof of the massive changes that happen beneath the surface of our planet, mountains have also served as playgrounds and places of worship for countless generations of humans. Anything that’s been such a mainstay for so many people and cultures through millennia is worth commemorating. So on December 11, we celebrate International Mountain Day!

Our excursion takes us to Upper Bavaria in the Tegernsee Mountains, a mountain region that belongs to the Bavarian Pre-Alps. The photo shows the view from the Roßstein (1,698 meters) to the Buchstein (1,701 meters). Both mountains form a double peak, in whose saddle the Tegernsee Hütte nestles. The refuge, which is open from mid-May to early November, offers board and lodging to hikers and climbers. Due to its exposed location, its location is often referred to as the "eagle's nest".

阿拉瓦利山脉的阿布山，印度拉贾斯坦邦 Mount Abu and the Aravalli Range in Rajasthan, India (© saiko3p/Shutterstock)

沙漠中的绿洲 An oasis in the desert

印度拉贾斯坦邦阿布山

阿布山（Mount Abu）是拉贾斯坦邦唯一的山地站，海拔1722米，被阿拉瓦利山脉（Aravalli Range）郁郁葱葱的绿色山丘环绕，为人们提供了急需的缓解拉贾斯坦斯坦酷热天气的方法。它被称为“沙漠中的绿洲”，因为它的高度是河流、湖泊、瀑布和常绿森林的家园。

阿布山由部落社区的乡村住宅和豪华住宅（包括英式平房和皇家度假屋）组成，五彩缤纷，在这个沙漠之州，阿布山似乎不亚于一个奇迹。除了风景优美之外，该地还有几座印度教和耆那教寺庙，包括Arbuda Devi Temple、Shri Raghunath Temple、Dilwara Temple等。您还可以参观附近的阿查尔加尔堡、纳基湖和德鲁迪亚瀑布。

Mount Abu, Rajasthan, India

Providing much-needed relief from the blazing heat of Rajasthan, Mount Abu, the state’s only hill station, stands at a height of 1,722 meters above sea level and is embraced by the lush green hills of the Aravalli Range. It is referred to as 'an oasis in the desert as its heights are home to rivers, lakes, waterfalls, and evergreen forests.

Studded with a colorful mix of rustic abodes of tribal communities and posh houses inclusive of British-style bungalows and royal holiday lodges, Mount Abu appears to be no less than a wonder in this desert state. Other than its scenic beauty, the place is home to several Hindu and Jain temples, including Arbuda Devi Temple, Shri Raghunath Temple, Dilwara Temple, and more. You can also visit the Achalgarh Fort, Nakki Lake, and Dhrudiya Waterfalls that are nearby.

奥尔德萨和佩尔迪多山国家公园里的瀑布，西班牙比利牛斯山脉 Waterfall on the Rio Arazas in Ordesa y Monte Perdido National Park, Pyrenees, Spain (© David Santiago Garcia/Cavan Images)

通往伊比利亚的门户 Gateway to Iberia

西班牙比利牛斯山脉奥德萨和蒙特佩迪多国家公园的里奥·阿拉扎斯

比利牛斯山脉在任何季节都很引人注目，但在夏季温暖持续到秋季的年份尤其美丽，自最早的文明在那里扎根以来，比利牛斯半岛一直是伊比利亚半岛和欧洲其他地区之间的天然边界。位于山脉中心的Ordesa y Monte Perdido国家公园创建于1918年，并于1982年扩建。如今，它已成为联合国教科文组织的世界遗产。

该公园拥有陡峭的悬崖和深邃、翠绿的山谷，是摄影师的梦想，拥有由比利牛斯山脉剧烈的海拔变化形成的卓越地质地貌和多样生态。该地区是几个只能在这里找到的物种的家园，包括比利牛斯羚羊和比利牛斯山羚羊，或水鼹鼠。这种被认为是该地区最稀有和最重要的哺乳动物，布卡多山羊或比利牛斯山羊，尽管进行了保护工作，但于2000年1月灭绝。

Rio Arazas in Ordesa and Monte Perdido National Park, Pyrenees, Spain

Striking in any season, but particularly beautiful in years when the warmth of summer stretches into fall, the Pyrenees have served as a natural border between the Iberian Peninsula and the rest of Europe since the earliest civilizations took root there. Located in the center of the range, the Ordesa y Monte Perdido National Park was created in 1918 and expanded in 1982. Today it is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Boasting sheer cliffs and deep, verdant valleys, the park is a photographer's dream, with a landscape marked by remarkable geological landforms and diverse ecologies shaped by the drastic elevation changes of the Pyrenees. The region is home to several species that can only be found here, including the Pyrenean chamois and the Pyrenean desman, or water mole. The mammal considered the most rare and important in the region, the bucardo or Pyrenean ibex, went extinct in January 2000 despite preservation efforts.

波奴鲁鲁国家公园里的邦格尔邦格尔山脉，澳大利亚 Bungle Bungle Range in Purnululu National Park, Australia (© Francesco Riccardo Iacomino/Getty Images)

蜂巢状的山脉 Bungle beehives

Bungle Bungle Range in Purnululu National Park, Australia

Aboriginal Australians have lived in this area for more than 20,000 years. But only recently did the rest of the world learn of the otherworldly terrain of the mountains known as the Bungle Bungle Range. In 1982, a nature-documentary crew was filming remote areas within the Kimberley region of Western Australia and 'discovered' the little-known mountain range. Today it is the most popular aspect of Purnululu National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage site.

The Bungle Bungle Range is composed of sandstone domes that can be up to 800 feet tall. Formed by wind and rain over millions of years, the domes get their striking look due to alternating rusty orange bands colored by iron-oxide and grey bands colored by colonies of single-celled microbes called cyanobacteria. Beneath the beehive formations are large pools and caverns, some of which have ancient Aboriginal cave paintings on the walls.

澳大利亚Purnululu国家公园的Bungle Bungle山脉

澳大利亚土著人在这一地区生活了20000多年。但直到最近，世界其他地区才了解到被称为Bungle-Bungle山脉的超凡脱俗的山脉地形。1982年，一个自然纪录片摄制组在西澳大利亚金伯利地区拍摄偏远地区，发现了鲜为人知的山脉。今天，它是联合国教科文组织世界遗产地Purnululu国家公园最受欢迎的部分。

Bungle Bungle山脉由高达800英尺的砂岩圆顶组成。这些圆顶是由数百万年的风雨形成的，由于交替出现由氧化铁着色的锈橙色带和由称为蓝藻的单细胞微生物菌落着色的灰色带，圆顶显得格外引人注目。在蜂巢的下面是大型的水池和洞穴，其中一些墙上有古老的土著洞穴绘画。

贝尔尼纳山脉和血月，瑞士 Panoramic view of the Bernina Range with blood moon, Eastern Alps, Engadin, Switzerland (© Bernd Zoller/Shutterstock)

准备迎接血月 Get ready for the blood moon

Lunar eclipse

If you're lucky enough to find yourself under a cloudless sky tonight, you'll be able to see one of our solar system's great wonders, a full lunar eclipse, also known as a 'blood moon.' The spooky nickname derives from the reddish hue the moon takes on when Earth casts its shadow upon it. Featured here is a blood moon over the Swiss Alps. A full lunar eclipse occurs when the Earth and moon align perfectly with the sun, and the moon falls directly behind Earth's shadow. When Earth falls behind the Moon's shadow, a solar eclipse occurs.

While total eclipses of the sun get more attention and make a more dramatic entrance, total lunar eclipses are majestic in their own right and are much more user-friendly. For one, you can look directly at a total lunar eclipse without any worry of harming your eyes. And they're viewable by far more people than solar eclipses. That's because a total lunar eclipse can last for hours, while solar eclipses last just a few minutes. In addition, lunar eclipses are viewable anywhere on the nighttime side of the world while total solar eclipses occur only within a narrow longitude on the planet.

Tonight's lunar eclipse coincides with the Flower Moon, the full moon of every May. It can be seen from Europe, Africa, and parts of Asia, but is best viewed from North and South America. While not exactly rare, total lunar eclipses don't occur too often, and even when they do, they can be hidden by cloud cover. If you miss tonight's blood moon, you'll get a second chance this year in November. Your next chance after that will be in three years, so you might want to plan to stay up late tonight.

月食

如果你足够幸运，今晚能在万里无云的天空下发现自己，你将能够看到我们太阳系的一大奇迹，月全食，也被称为“血月”这个令人毛骨悚然的绰号源于当地球把它的影子投射到月球上时，月球呈现出的微红色。这里的特色是瑞士阿尔卑斯山上的血月。当地球和月球与太阳完全对齐，月球直接落在地球阴影后面时，就会发生月全食。当地球落在月球的阴影后面时，就会发生日食。

虽然日全食得到了更多的关注，并做出了一个更引人注目的入口，但月全食本身就很壮观，而且更方便用户使用。首先，你可以直接看到月全食，而不用担心会伤害你的眼睛。比起日食，人们能看到的人要多得多。这是因为月全食可以持续数小时，而日食只持续几分钟。此外，月食在世界夜间的任何地方都可以看到，而日全食只发生在地球上一个狭窄的经度范围内。

今晚的月食与每年五月的满月——花月重合。从欧洲、非洲和亚洲部分地区都可以看到它，但从北美和南美看得最好。虽然并不十分罕见，但月全食并不经常发生，即使发生，也可能被云层掩盖。如果你错过今晚的血月，你将在今年11月获得第二次机会。之后的下一次机会是三年后，所以你可能想今晚熬夜。

Serra da Malagueta山脉，佛得角圣地亚哥岛 Serra da Malagueta mountains on Santiago Island, Cabo Verde (© Samuel Borges Photography/Shutterstock)

How green is my valley

Cabo Verde ('Green Cape') celebrates its independence today. Located about 350 miles off the western coast of Africa, the country consists of 10 volcanic islands. We're looking at the Serra da Malagueta mountain range in the northern part of the island of Santiago, which is protected as a national park. At nearly 3,500 feet, it's the highest point of northern Santiago and offers views of nearby Fogo and Maio islands, as well as diverse plants and wildlife.

The islands that make up Cabo Verde were uninhabited by people until they were colonized by Portuguese explorers in the 15th century. They remained in Portuguese control until gaining independence on July 5, 1975. Since the 1990s, Cabo Verde has been regarded as one of the most stable democracies in Africa and has steadily developed an economy based largely on tourism.

我的山谷有多绿

佛得角今天庆祝独立。这个国家位于非洲西海岸350英里外，由10个火山岛组成。我们看到的是圣地亚哥岛北部的塞拉-达-马拉盖塔山脉，它被保护为国家公园。在接近3500英尺的地方，它是圣地亚哥北部的最高点，可以看到附近的福戈岛和迈奥岛，以及各种各样的植物和野生动物。

构成佛得角的岛屿在15世纪被葡萄牙探险家殖民之前，一直无人居住。自1990年代以来，佛得角一直被视为非洲最稳定的民主国家之一，并稳步发展了以旅游业为主的经济。