分类 必应美图 下的文章

秋季的落羽杉，美国佐治亚州 Cypress trees in autumn, Georgia (© Chris Moore/Tandem Stills + Motion)

美国南部的别样秋景 Leaf-peeping Southern style

乔治亚州的柏树

秋天的树叶是秋天的标志，当人们想到法兰绒、灯芯绒、南瓜香料和其他东西时。阳光明媚的白天和清爽的夜晚邀请我们走出去欣赏树叶的颜色变化。虽然有些人可能认为新英格兰的枫树是窥视树叶的金标准，但其他人则会把奖品授予落基山脉的白杨或南方的柏树。

佐治亚州的这些秃顶柏树变成了明亮的金色、橙色和深红色，与北方的竞争对手相媲美。大多数种类的柏树都是常绿的，但秃顶的柏树是落叶的，它们的花边针叶在秋天变成鲜艳的铜色，在冬天秋天，然后树木在春天长出一套新的针叶。秃柏原产于美国东南部，在墨西哥湾沿岸的密西西比河流域盛产。它们在路易斯安那州的河口是一个熟悉的景象，也生长在大西洋中部的沿海平原，就像这片帝王林。秃柏树在河岸和沼泽等潮湿条件下茁壮成长。这些生长缓慢的植物通常高达100英尺以上，为两栖动物、鱼类和鸟类提供了重要的栖息地，并保护海岸线免受侵蚀和洪水。如果你在一年中的这个时候来到这个地区，在温和的巨人们脱掉秋季服装之前，前往沼泽地观看秋季展览。

Bald cypress trees in Georgia

Fall foliage is the hallmark of autumn, when thoughts turn to flannel and corduroy, pumpkin spice and s'mores. Sunny days and crisp nights invite us to step outside to enjoy the changing colors of the leaves. While some may consider the maples of New England the leaf-peeping gold standard, others would give the prize to the aspens of the Rocky Mountains or the cypress trees of the South.

These bald cypress trees in Georgia turn brilliant shades of gold, orange, and crimson that rival their northern competitors. Most varieties of cypress are evergreen, but bald cypresses are deciduous—their lacy needles turn this vibrant copper color in autumn, fall in winter, then the trees grow a new set of needles in the spring. Bald cypresses are native to the southeastern US and flourish in the Mississippi River basin along the Gulf Coast. They're a familiar sight in the bayous of Louisiana and also grow in the coastal plains of the mid-Atlantic, like this regal grove. Bald cypresses thrive in wet conditions like riverbanks and swamps. Commonly reaching well over 100 feet tall, these slow growers provide important habitat for amphibians, fish, and birds, and they protect coastlines from erosion and flooding. If you're in the area this time of year, head to the swamp to see the autumn display before the gentle giants shed their fall outfits.

秋天的图林根森林与瓦特堡城堡，德国 Thuringian Forest in autumn with Wartburg Castle, Germany (© ezypix/Getty Images)

等等，这山上得有座城堡！ 'Wait, mountain—you shall bear my castle!'

俯瞰德国图林根森林的沃特堡城堡

当你浏览今天德国图林根森林树木变色的照片时，请注意远处的城堡。这就是瓦茨堡，一座建于中世纪的城堡，对有信仰的人来说意义重大。它是图林根天主教圣伊丽莎白的故乡，也是马丁·路德流亡期间将新约翻译成德语的地方。它是该地区最受欢迎的旅游景点，以其典型的中世纪建筑而闻名。

关于沃特堡的命名，有一些巧妙的文字游戏正在进行。”“Warte”是德语中“watchtower”和“wait”的意思传统认为，城堡的创建者惊呼“Warte，Berg du sollst mir eine Burg tragen！”或者“等等，大山，你将承受我的城堡！”看到位置后。注意那句引语中的“berg”和“burg”，它们分别翻译为山和堡垒。因此，在德国将单词拼凑在一起的伟大传统中，沃特堡这个名字应运而生。

如果你对这座城堡不感兴趣，那么素有“德国绿心”之称的图林根森林对游客来说也有其独特的魅力。德国最古老、最受欢迎的长途徒步旅行步道伦斯泰格（Rennsteig）在森林中绵延约110英里。如果你外出徒步旅行，你会注意到该地区总体上很安静，空气清新、无污染。你甚至可能会遇到一些小村庄，这些村庄遍布该地区，以欢迎外来者而闻名。

Wartburg Castle overlooking Thuringian Forest in Germany

As you glance over today's photo of the trees changing color in Thuringian Forest in Germany, make note of the castle in the distance. That's Wartburg, a castle built in the Middle Ages that holds significance to people of faith. It was the home of the Catholic Saint Elizabeth of Thuringia, and also where Martin Luther translated the New Testament into German while in exile. It's the area's most popular tourist attraction and has been recognized for its quintessential medieval architecture.

There's some clever wordplay going on regarding how Wartburg was named. 'Warte' is German for both 'watchtower' and 'wait.' Tradition suggests the castle's founder exclaimed 'Warte, Berg—du sollst mir eine Burg tragen!' or 'Wait, mountain—you shall bear my castle!' upon seeing the location. Note the 'berg' and 'burg' in that quote, which translate to mountain and fortress, respectively. And so in the grand German tradition of mashing words together, the name Wartburg came to be.

If the castle isn't of interest to you, Thuringian Forest, known as the Green Heart of Germany, has plenty of its own charm for tourists. The oldest and most popular long-distance hiking trail in Germany, the Rennsteig, runs for about 110 miles within the forest. If you're out for a hike you'll notice the general quietness of the area and fresh, unpolluted air. You may even happen upon the tiny villages that pepper the area and have a reputation for welcoming outsiders.

新娘面纱瀑布,  优胜美地国家公园, 加利福尼亚州 Bridalveil Fall, Yosemite National Park, California (© Jeff Foott/Minden Pictures)

风之精灵

克里斯蒂安王子之声，格陵兰岛 Prince Christian Sound in southern Greenland (© Posnov/Getty Images)

一座北部岛屿的南端 Southern tip of a northern isle

格陵兰岛南部的克里斯蒂安王子湾

格陵兰岛的绝对面积很难预测。这个世界上最大的岛屿面积超过83.6万平方英里，是德克萨斯州的三倍多，比阿拉斯加大17万多平方英里。这是一片有着深邃峡湾和冰层的土地，这一定让一千年前登陆那里的挪威探险家们感到宾至如归。

今天，我们发现自己身处格陵兰岛南端的克里斯蒂安王子湾，这是一个长60英里、宽1500英尺的狭长峡湾系统。它流经海拔1200英尺以上的花岗岩陡峭峡谷。冰河崩解、鲸鱼入侵以及游轮访问该地区，经常扰乱这些水域的平静。在这片冰冻的土地上，唯一的人类居住地是伊努伊特人居住的Aappilatoq村，该村约有100人。

Prince Christian Sound in southern Greenland

The sheer size of Greenland is hard to put in perspective. The world's largest island is more than 836,000 square miles—that's more than three times the size of Texas and more than 170,000 square miles larger than Alaska. It is a land of deep fjords and ice that must have made the Norse explorers who landed there a thousand years ago feel right at home.

Today we find ourselves at the southern tip of Greenland, in Prince Christian Sound, a long, narrow fjord system 60 miles long, at times as narrow as 1,500 feet across. It flows through steep canyons of granite that soar over 1,200 feet above. The placid calm of these waters is frequently disrupted by calving glaciers, breaching whales, and the cruise ships that visit the region. The only human habitation in this frozen landscape is the Inuit village of Aappilattoq, home to about 100 people.

纳克什鲁斯塔姆遗址，伊朗波斯波利斯 Naqsh-e Rustam archaeological site near Persepolis, Iran (© mshirani/Shutterstock)

国际考古日 International Archaeology Day

国际考古日

Naqsh-e Rostam是一座雕刻在伊朗西南部山区的古代墓地，是古代波斯最早繁荣的文明之一的门户。四位阿契美尼德国王的陵墓（你可以在这里看到其中三位）以高高地雕刻在悬崖表面的岩石浮雕为标志。这个遗址及其周围地区对伊朗及其人民的历史具有重大意义。它们也是考古学在理解我们的过去方面所起作用的光辉范例。每年10月的第三个星期六，我们都会停下来庆祝并表彰考古学家作为人类历史解释者的贡献。

墓地是由坟墓和墓地组成的综合体，字面意思是“死者之城”这家离法尔斯省的西拉市很近。其中一座坟墓被铭文确定为大流士一世（又名大流士大帝）的安息之地，其他坟墓被认为是大流士的儿子薛西斯一世、阿尔塔克西斯一世和大流士二世的坟墓，这些人是公元前522-330年阿契美尼德王朝的领导人。纳什赫·罗斯坦也是描绘后来萨珊帝国国王的浮雕之乡，萨珊王朝是7世纪和8世纪穆斯林征服之前的最后一个伊朗帝国。只有几百码远的地方是被称为Naqsh-e Rajab的考古遗址，更多的石雕描绘了三位萨珊王朝国王和一位大祭司。虽然这些文明已经消亡，但它们创造的东西是人类历史的永久记录。

International Archaeology Day

Naqsh-e Rostam is an ancient necropolis carved into the mountains of southwestern Iran, a porthole into one of the earliest civilizations to flourish in ancient Persia. The tombs of four Achaemenid kings (you can see three of them here) are marked by rock reliefs carved high above the ground into the cliff face. This site and the area around it are of huge significance to the history of Iran and its people. They're also a shining example of the role archaeology plays in understanding our past. On the third Saturday of every October, we pause to celebrate and recognize the contributions of archaeologists as interpreters of human history.

A necropolis is a complex of tombs and burial plots, literally translated as a 'city of the dead.' This one is close to the city of Shiraz in Fars Province. One of the tombs is identified by an inscription as being the resting place of Darius I, aka Darius the Great, and the others are believed to be the tombs of Darius' son, Xerxes I, Artaxerxes I, and Darius II, leaders during the Achaemenid dynasty from 522-330 BCE. Naqsh-e Rostam is also home to relief carvings depicting kings of the later Sassanian Empire, the last Iranian empire before the Muslim conquests of the 7th and 8th centuries. Only a few hundred yards away is the archaeological site known as Naqsh-e Rajab, with more rock carvings depicting three Sassanid kings and a high priest. While these civilizations have faded, what they created endures as a permanent record of human history.

奥尔德萨和佩尔迪多山国家公园里的瀑布，西班牙比利牛斯山脉 Waterfall on the Rio Arazas in Ordesa y Monte Perdido National Park, Pyrenees, Spain (© David Santiago Garcia/Cavan Images)

通往伊比利亚的门户 Gateway to Iberia

西班牙比利牛斯山脉奥德萨和蒙特佩迪多国家公园的里奥·阿拉扎斯

比利牛斯山脉在任何季节都很引人注目，但在夏季温暖持续到秋季的年份尤其美丽，自最早的文明在那里扎根以来，比利牛斯半岛一直是伊比利亚半岛和欧洲其他地区之间的天然边界。位于山脉中心的Ordesa y Monte Perdido国家公园创建于1918年，并于1982年扩建。如今，它已成为联合国教科文组织的世界遗产。

该公园拥有陡峭的悬崖和深邃、翠绿的山谷，是摄影师的梦想，拥有由比利牛斯山脉剧烈的海拔变化形成的卓越地质地貌和多样生态。该地区是几个只能在这里找到的物种的家园，包括比利牛斯羚羊和比利牛斯山羚羊，或水鼹鼠。这种被认为是该地区最稀有和最重要的哺乳动物，布卡多山羊或比利牛斯山羊，尽管进行了保护工作，但于2000年1月灭绝。

Rio Arazas in Ordesa and Monte Perdido National Park, Pyrenees, Spain

Striking in any season, but particularly beautiful in years when the warmth of summer stretches into fall, the Pyrenees have served as a natural border between the Iberian Peninsula and the rest of Europe since the earliest civilizations took root there. Located in the center of the range, the Ordesa y Monte Perdido National Park was created in 1918 and expanded in 1982. Today it is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Boasting sheer cliffs and deep, verdant valleys, the park is a photographer's dream, with a landscape marked by remarkable geological landforms and diverse ecologies shaped by the drastic elevation changes of the Pyrenees. The region is home to several species that can only be found here, including the Pyrenean chamois and the Pyrenean desman, or water mole. The mammal considered the most rare and important in the region, the bucardo or Pyrenean ibex, went extinct in January 2000 despite preservation efforts.

蒙茅斯海滩的菊石路面，英国多塞特侏罗纪海岸世界遗产地 Ammonite Pavement at Monmouth Beach, Jurassic Coast World Heritage Site, Dorset, England (© AWL Images/Danita Delimont)

回到过去 Stepping back in time

侏罗纪海岸世界遗产地，英格兰

回溯1.99亿年，前往英国多塞特的侏罗纪海岸世界遗产地。这幅令人惊叹的化石展示图被称为“氨岩路面”，数千块化石被埋藏在蒙茅斯海滩西端的石灰岩岩架中。虽然菊石看起来很像蜗牛壳，但它们是已灭绝海洋生物的化石，与当今的章鱼或鱿鱼关系更为密切。英国自然历史博物馆（British’s Natural History Museum）指出，由于菊石的数量和大小，这个充满化石的岩架在世界上是独一无二的：化石直径高达27英寸。如果你想看看，时间就是低潮时岩壁出现的一切，附近的大岩石中也有更多的菊石。

今天是国家化石日，在这一天，我们庆祝着这个迷人的灭绝动植物世界。这并非巧合，它发生在地球科学周期间：我们可以从这个可见、可触摸的过去遗产中更多地了解我们的星球和所有生物。

Jurassic Coast World Heritage Site, England

Travel back 199 million years with a trip to the Jurassic Coast World Heritage Site in Dorset, England. This stunning fossil display is known as the Ammonite Pavement, and thousands of these fossils are embedded in a limestone ledge at the west end of Monmouth Beach. Although the ammonites look rather like snail shells, these are fossils of extinct sea creatures that are more closely related to today's octopus or squid. Britain's Natural History Museum notes that the fossil-filled ledge is unique in the world because of the sheer number and size of the ammonites: The fossils reach up to 27 inches in diameter. If you want to check them out, timing is everything—the ledge emerges at low tide, and there are more ammonites in large rocks nearby, too.

Today is National Fossil Day, when we celebrate the fascinating world of extinct creatures and plants. It's no coincidence that it falls during Earth Science Week: We can learn more about our planet and all living things from this visible, touchable legacy of our past.

瓦伦蒂诺大坝，意大利伦巴第大区布雷西亚省 Valvestino dam in the province of Brescia, Lombardy, Italy (© wmaster890/Getty Images)

穿越意大利峡湾之旅 Journey through the Italian fjords

加尔达湖附近的庞特可乐大坝

巴伦蒂诺公园（又称瓦伦蒂诺乐园）是意大利都灵市一个受欢迎的公共公园。它位于蒲江西岸。它占地面积500000平方米，是都灵第二大公园（都灵最大的公园，840000平方米的佩莱里纳公园，是意大利最广阔的城市绿地）。这个公园里有一个中世纪的村庄，是都灵最受当地人欢迎的。当你准备好在一个紧凑的区域内游览河流、树木和花园、皇家宫殿等时，前往位于波河左岸的巴伦蒂诺公园（Parco del Valentino）。

Ponte Cola Dam near Lake Garda

Parco del Valentino (also known as Valentino Park) is a popular public park in Turin, Italy. It is located along the west bank of the Po river. It covers an area of 500,000m², which makes it Turin's second largest park (Turin's largest park, the 840,000m² Pellerina Park, is Italy's most extended urban green area). There is a medieval village set in this park that is the most popular in Torino—amongst locals. When you’re ready for a river, trees and gardens, royal palaces, and more in a compact area, head for the Parco del Valentino on the left bank of the Po.

楚科奇海的浮游植物水华，美国阿拉斯加州海岸附近 Blooms of phytoplankton in the Chukchi Sea off the coast of Alaska (© Norman Kuring/Kathryn Hansen/U.S. Geological Survey/NASA)

什么生长得这样茂盛？ What's blooming so brightly?

楚科奇海浮游植物的大量繁殖

在这张酷酷的照片中，数百种深浅的蓝色被大理石镶嵌在一起。不，这不是一件现代艺术作品，它是大自然的杰作。这是一张卫星照片，照片中的浮游植物在阿拉斯加附近盛开，凉爽、咸的楚科奇海与靠近海岸的温暖、新鲜的海水混合在一起。

但究竟什么是浮游植物？它们是微小的太阳能生物，漂浮在海面附近，随洋流漂流。事实上，它们的名字来源于希腊语中植物的“phyton”和流浪者或漂泊者的“planktos”。对于生活在海洋和河口的各种生物来说，浮游植物既美味又营养，对地球上的每一个人都至关重要：浮游植物的光合作用约占世界光合作用的一半，是吸收二氧化碳和释放氧气的太阳能过程。

今天我们谈论浮游植物是为了纪念地球科学周，这是一个鼓励我们所有人学习甚至献身于地球科学的国际活动。今年的主题是“地球科学促进可持续发展世界”，强调科学在维持我们的星球上的作用。所以，是时候掸掉显微镜上的灰尘，参观当地的科学博物馆，或者也许只是了解更多关于美丽的旋转浮游植物的知识。

Blooms of phytoplankton in the Chukchi Sea

Hundreds of shades of blue are marbled together in this cool shot. No, it's not a work of modern art, it's right off the brush of nature. This is a satellite photo of phytoplankton blooming near Alaska as the cool, salty Chukchi Sea mingles with warmer, fresher water closer to shore.

But just what are phytoplankton? They're microscopic sun-powered organisms that float near the surface of the ocean, drifting with the currents. In fact, their name derives from the Greek 'phyton' for plant and 'planktos' for wanderer or drifter. Delicious and nutritious to various creatures living in oceans and estuaries, they're also vital to everyone on Earth: Phytoplankton are responsible for about half of the world's photosynthesis, the sun-powered process that takes in carbon dioxide and releases oxygen.

We're talking phytoplankton today in honor of Earth Science Week, an international event encouraging all of us to learn about or even devote our life to the Earth sciences. This year's theme is 'Earth Science for a Sustainable World,' emphasizing science's role in sustaining our planet. So, time to dust off that microscope, visit your local science museum, or perhaps just learn more about beautiful, swirling phytoplankton.

一年一度的灯光节期间，奥伯巴姆大桥上的设计方案, 德国柏林 Designs projected on the Oberbaum Bridge during the yearly Festival of Lights in Berlin, Germany (© John MacDougall/AFP via Getty Images)

新光中的旧桥 An old bridge in a new light

柏林灯光节

双层Oberbaum大桥是柏林最受欢迎的标志性建筑之一。这座有数百年历史的桥曾经连接了两个被柏林墙分隔开的行政区，1961年至1989年，柏林墙在物理上和思想上分隔了东柏林和西柏林。这里的第一座桥建于18世纪，尽管目前的公路和铁路奥伯巴姆是在19世纪末修建的。

它仍然是统一柏林的重要象征，也是该市一年一度为期一周的灯节的标志性建筑，从今天开始。这一国际艺术节已经举办了18年，随着颜色、图案和图像投射到整个城市的建筑上，柏林的建筑和地标都以巧妙的灯光展示方式进行了改造。在这里，我们看到Oberbaum灯火通明，迎接2020年的节日，这与冷战时期大不相同。近30年来，这座桥一直是东柏林和西柏林之间的过境点。随着检查站的安装和历史塔楼的拆除，它成为了铁路线的终点。但在1990年德国统一后，这座桥被重建，并恢复了昔日的辉煌——这对于一座标志性建筑来说是一个合适的命运，它随着它所服务的城市而改变。

Berlin Festival of Lights

The double-decker Oberbaum Bridge is one of Berlin's most beloved and iconic landmarks. This centuries-old span once connected two boroughs separated by the Berlin Wall, the barrier that physically and ideologically divided East and West Berlin from 1961 to 1989. The first bridge in this spot was built in the 1700s, although the current road-and-rail Oberbaum was constructed at the end of the 19th century.

It remains an important symbol of unified Berlin, and a prominently featured landmark in the city's annual, weeklong Festival of Lights, which begins today. The international festival, now in its 18th year, transforms Berlin's buildings and landmarks with artful displays of light, as colors, patterns, and images are projected onto structures across the city. Here we see the Oberbaum all lit up for the 2020 festival—a far cry from its Cold War days. For nearly 30 years, the bridge served as a border crossing between East and West Berlin. It became the end of the train lines as a checkpoint was installed and the historic towers were demolished. But after German reunification in 1990, the bridge was rebuilt and restored to its former glory—a fitting fate for a landmark that has transformed along with the city it serves.