标签灯塔下的文章

英格兰怀特岛上的尼德尔斯白垩岩石和19世纪的灯塔。 (© CBCK Christine/iStock/Getty Images Plus)

看起来很锋利的岩石

加利西亚省科斯塔达莫尔特的灯塔，西班牙 Faro de Playa Lago, Costa da Morte, Muxia, Galicia, Spain (© Carlos Fernandez/Getty Images)

死亡海岸 The Coast of Death

International Lighthouse Day

This solemn beacon set atop a rocky outcropping is in a country usually associated with sand and sun, making this a side of Spain many do not often see. We're looking out at the sea on the Costa da Morte, or Coast of Death, a nasty name for an equally nasty (but beautiful!) stretch of Galician coastline in the extreme northwest of Spain. We're featuring Costa da Morte on International Lighthouse Day because mariners are never happier to see a lighthouse than when they're sailing this coast, known as the Bermuda Triangle of the Eastern Atlantic.

The Costa da Morte is known for its lighthouses, like this one, called Faro de Playa Lago, one of many strung along 125 miles of coast from Finisterre in the south to Malpica in the north. As a devourer of ships, the Costa da Morte is prolific. Since the 14th century, more than 600 shipwrecks have been documented resulting in the loss of thousands of lives. This corner of Spain lies at the southern end of the Bay of Biscay, also known for its rough waters. The rocky Costa da Morte faces the open North Atlantic and takes the brunt of big ocean swells. (The famous big-wave surf break at Nazare, Portugal, is only a few hundred miles to the south.) Deep waters turn to shallow waters quickly near this rocky cliff-strewn coast, known for its strong currents and hidden rocks. The fog can roll in quickly. Storms form frequently. And hurricane-force winds are not uncommon.

Cool, rainy, and rocky, the Galicia region of Spain is more 'Lord of the Rings' than Club Med. Hiking along this coast, you might feel like you're Scotland rather than Spain, and is compounded by the fact that Galicians themselves are considered a Celtic ethnic group. To visit the lighthouses of Costa da Morte, you can walk a trail appropriately called Camino dos Faros (Road of the Lighthouses). While satellite technology and electronic instruments vastly changed how safely we can now navigate the seas, lighthouses are still vital to boating and the maritime industry. Plus, they're just darn good-looking.

国际灯塔日

这座庄严的灯塔矗立在岩石露头上，位于一个通常与沙子和太阳联系在一起的国家，这使它成为许多人不常看到的西班牙的一面。我们看到的是死亡海岸（Costa da Morte）上的大海，这是一个同样令人讨厌的名字（但很漂亮！）西班牙西北端的加利西亚海岸线。我们在国际灯塔日特别报道科斯塔·达·莫特，因为水手们在这个被称为东大西洋百慕大三角的海岸航行时，看到灯塔最开心。

Costa da Morte以其灯塔而闻名，比如这座被称为Faro de Playa Lago的灯塔，它是从南部的菲尼斯特尔到北部的马尔皮卡沿海岸线125英里的众多灯塔之一。作为船舶的吞噬者，科斯塔·达·莫特是多产的。自14世纪以来，已有600多艘沉船被记录在案，导致数千人丧生。西班牙的这个角落位于比斯开湾的南端，也因其汹涌的海水而闻名。多岩石的Costa da Morte面对开阔的北大西洋，首当其冲地承受着巨大的海浪冲击。（葡萄牙纳扎尔著名的巨浪冲浪场位于南面几百英里处。）在这片岩石峭壁遍布的海岸附近，深水迅速转变为浅水，以其强劲的水流和隐藏的岩石而闻名。雾很快就会卷进来。风暴经常形成。飓风强度的风并不罕见。

凉爽、多雨、多岩石的西班牙加利西亚地区与其说是地中海俱乐部，不如说是“指环王”。沿着这条海岸远足，你可能会觉得自己是苏格兰人而不是西班牙人，这是因为加利西亚人本身被视为凯尔特人。要参观Costa da Morte的灯塔，你可以走一条名为Camino dos Faros（灯塔之路）的小径。虽然卫星技术和电子仪器极大地改变了我们现在在海上航行的安全程度，但灯塔对划船和海运业仍然至关重要。而且，他们真是太漂亮了。

哈萨塔角灯塔，佛罗伦萨，俄勒冈州 Heceta Head Light, Florence, Oregon (© Tom Schwabel/Tandem Stills + Motion)

黑夜海岸边的一盏灯 A light in the coastal darkness

Heceta Head Light, Florence, Oregon

Heceta Head Light is perched 205 feet above the Pacific Ocean on Oregon's central coast. The headland is named for Spanish Basque explorer Don Bruno de Heceta, who led a secret expedition in 1775 to bolster Spain's claim to the Pacific Coast of North America. Having sailed from Mexico, by the time the voyage reached these shores, the crew was ravaged by scurvy and Heceta made the call to turn back—but not before he became the first to map and record a written description of the mouth of the Columbia River as well as this rocky 1,000-foot-high headland that would eventually bear his name. By the 19th century, seafarers making their way up and down the coast made the call for a lighthouse to guide their way. Construction of the 56-foot-tall lighthouse was complicated by the steep bluffs and remote location, but the first light beam pierced through the darkness on March 30, 1894.

The first lightkeepers at Heceta Head found the location too isolated, prompting several of them to leave the job after just a short period. Staffing turnover persisted until the 1930's when nearby Oregon Coast Highway was put into service and the area received electricity. The lighthouse played a minor role in World War II when 75 members of the Coast Guard and their dogs were stationed here to guard the beaches. The lighthouse became fully automated in 1963, and by 1970 the lightkeeper's house entered a new era as a satellite campus for a nearby community college. These days the area is on the National Registry of Historic Places and the lightkeeper's cottages have a new life as rooms of a bed and breakfast.

俄勒冈州佛罗伦萨哈萨塔角灯塔

哈萨塔角灯塔位于俄勒冈州中央海岸的太平洋上空205英尺处。岬角以西班牙巴斯克探险家唐·布鲁诺·德·赫切塔的名字命名，他于1775年领导了一支秘密探险队，以支持西班牙对北美太平洋海岸的主张。从墨西哥启航后，当航程到达这些海岸时，船员们被坏血病蹂躏，赫西塔呼吁掉头，但在他成为第一个绘制并记录哥伦比亚河口以及最终以他的名字命名的1000英尺高岩石岬角的书面描述之前。到了19世纪，在海岸上下航行的海员们呼吁建造灯塔来指引他们的航行。这座56英尺高的灯塔因陡峭的悬崖和偏远的地理位置而变得复杂，但1894年3月30日，第一束光线穿透了黑暗。

赫西塔海德的第一批灯管人员发现该地点过于孤立，促使他们中的几人在很短的时间内离开了工作岗位。人员流动一直持续到20世纪30年代，附近的俄勒冈州海岸公路投入使用，该地区通电。灯塔在第二次世界大战中发挥了次要作用，当时有75名海岸警卫队成员和他们的狗驻扎在这里守卫海滩。灯塔在1963年实现了全自动，到1970年，灯塔作为附近社区学院的卫星校园进入了一个新时代。这些天来，该地区已被列入国家历史遗迹登记册，灯塔的小屋作为一个床和早餐的房间有了新的生活。

安格尔西岛上的Tŵr Mawr 灯塔，英国威尔士 Tŵr Mawr lighthouse on Llanddwyn Island, Anglesey, Wales (© Joe Daniel Price/Getty Images)

Saint Dwynwen's Day

Love is in the air on Llanddwyn Island at the southern tip of Anglesey, a much bigger island just off the north-west coast of Wales. Each year on January 25, Cupid aims his arrow toward the people of Wales who celebrate St. Dwynwen's Day–the Welsh version of St. Valentine's Day. St. Dwynwen is Wales' patron saint of lovers, although she was rather unlucky in that department after falling head over heels for a man she wasn't allowed to marry. The 5th-century princess' heartache led her to dedicate her life to God and pray for true lovers to have better fortune than her own. In return, Dwynwen became a nun and set up a convent here on Llanddwyn.

Despite its name, Llanddwyn Island is cut off from Anglesey's mainland only during very high tides. Since the 19th century, it has been home to Tŵr Mawr lighthouse (meaning 'great tower' in Welsh). The design of the lighthouse, seen in our photo today, is inspired by the area's many windmills. Just out of frame, you will find the remains of the church Dwynwen founded, along with a well named after her. It became a place of pilgrimage following her death. Legend has it that the well is home to sacred fish that can predict whether couples' relationships will succeed.

圣德温节

在安格西岛南端的兰德温岛上，爱在空中飘荡。安格西岛是威尔士西北海岸附近一个更大的岛屿。每年的1月25日，丘比特都会把箭射向威尔士人，他们庆祝圣德温节——威尔士版的圣瓦伦丁节。圣德温是威尔士的情人守护神，尽管她在那个部门很不幸，因为她被一个不允许嫁给的男人迷住了。这位五世纪公主的心痛促使她将自己的一生献给上帝，并祈祷真正的情人拥有比自己更好的财富。作为回报，德温温成为了一名修女，并在兰德温建立了一所修道院。

尽管兰德温岛名为兰德温岛，但只有在涨潮时，它才与安格西岛的大陆隔绝。自19世纪以来，它一直是Tŵr Mawr灯塔（威尔士语中的“大塔”意思）的所在地。我们今天的照片中看到的灯塔的设计灵感来自该地区的许多风车。刚走出画面，你会发现德温温创建的教堂的遗迹，以及一座以她的名字命名的教堂。她死后，这里成了朝圣之地。传说这口井是圣鱼的家园，可以预测夫妻关系是否会成功。

纳扎雷灯塔，葡萄牙 Nazaré Lighthouse atop Forte de São, Nazaré, Portugal (© Richard A Lock/Getty Images)

Nazaré Lighthouse

The iconic surf beaches of the world sit predominantly on the Pacific, but we're in the dead of shredding season on the Atlantic. Stormy winters from October to March beckon surfers donning their thickest wetsuits to brave gargantuan breaks here in Nazaré, Portugal. Brazilian surfer Rodrigo Koxa caught an 80-footer here in 2017, beating the previous Guinness World Record for surf wave height—also set here. Meanwhile, those less daredevilish among us are content to join this crowd standing in awe from the safety of Nazaré's Forte de São, a lighthouse-topped fortress on a shoreside cliff.

纳扎雷灯塔

世界上标志性的冲浪海滩主要坐落在太平洋上，但我们正处于大西洋破碎季节的死期。在葡萄牙纳扎雷，从10月到3月，暴风雨的冬天召唤着冲浪者穿上他们最厚的潜水服，勇敢地在这里进行巨大的休息。2017年，巴西冲浪运动员罗德里戈·科萨在这里捕获了一个80英尺高的冲浪者，打破了此前同样在这里创造的冲浪波高吉尼斯世界纪录。与此同时，我们当中那些胆小的人也很乐意加入到这群人当中，他们敬畏纳扎雷的圣堡堡（Forte de são）的安全，这是一座位于岸边悬崖上的灯塔式堡垒。

星空下的灯塔，德国Westerhever镇 Westerheversand Lighthouse in Westerhever, Germany (© Sandra Bartocha/Minden Pictures)

Westerheversand Lighthouse

Even in the places most altered by humans, nature seems to slip through, like the Milky Way shown here peeking between light beams from Germany's Westerheversand Lighthouse. This beacon lies along the Wadden Sea, which forms the world's largest tidal flat along the Dutch, German, and Danish coasts.

This soggy low country was once prone to deadly flooding, but over time, locals have moved earth and sea to reinvent the coastline with dikes, causeways, and artificial islands. You may not guess it by the thousands of species of seabirds, shellfish, and other lifeforms that thrive here, but this UNESCO-recognized biosphere is one of the most engineered locales on Earth.

韦斯特海尔桑灯塔

即使在那些被人类改变最多的地方，自然似乎也在悄悄溜走，就像图中所示的银河系在德国西部凡尔赛灯塔的光束之间窥视。这座灯塔位于瓦登海沿岸，瓦登海在荷兰、德国和丹麦海岸形成了世界上最大的潮坪。

这个潮湿低洼的国家曾经容易发生致命的洪水，但随着时间的推移，当地人已经移动了土地和海洋，用堤坝、堤道和人工岛屿重建了海岸线。你可能无法从这里繁衍生息的数千种海鸟、贝类和其他生命形式中猜到，但这个联合国教科文组织认可的生物圈是地球上最精心设计的地方之一。

港边的小米努灯塔，法国布雷斯特 Petit Minou Lighthouse in the roadstead of Brest, Finistère, France (© Mathieu Rivrin/Getty Images)

Ambassadors of the airwaves

Today we're visiting the Petit Minou Lighthouse on the coast of northwest France to mark the relationship between lighthouses and the 20th-century technology of amateur radio, commonly known as 'ham' radio. The International Lighthouse and Lightship Weekend (ILLW) is an event set up every August by a group of amateur radio operators from nearly 100 countries. Events for this ILLW weekend are organized online with individual events held at various lighthouses around the world, where 'ham' radio operators gather to broadcast and engage with fellow enthusiasts. The aim of these gatherings is to not only foster goodwill for ham radio around the world, but also to promote awareness of lighthouse preservation and restoration, and to honor the legacy these solitary structures have had on our collective maritime heritage.

广播大使

今天，我们将参观位于法国西北部海岸的小米诺灯塔，以纪念灯塔与20世纪业余无线电技术（俗称“业余无线电”）之间的关系。国际灯塔和灯船周末（ILLW）是每年8月由来自近100个国家的业余无线电操作员组织的活动。本ILLW周末的活动在网上组织，在世界各地的灯塔举办个人活动，“火腿”电台运营商聚集在那里，与其他爱好者一起广播和参与。这些集会的目的不仅是为了在全世界培养对哈姆广播电台的善意，而且也是为了提高人们对灯塔保护和修复的认识，并纪念这些孤零零的建筑在我们的集体海洋遗产中留下的遗产。

海浪撞击费尔盖拉什灯塔，葡萄牙波尔图 Wave crashing on Farolim de Felgueiras, a lighthouse in Porto, Portugal (© Stephan Zirwes/Offset by Shutterstock)

A lofty lighthouse and a little ocean spray

The Farolim de Felgueiras (Lighthouse of Felgueiras) you see here has withstood relentless waves for around 135 years. It offered its solitary warnings to ships approaching Porto, Portugal's second-largest city, beginning in 1886 until it was finally deactivated in 2009. Even though it's no longer operational, it's still a well-known local landmark. It offers sightseers a beautiful view, and maybe a little ocean spray, from its perch overlooking the mouth of the Douro river where it flows into the Atlantic.

The nearby city of Porto was originally established in around 136 BCE by the Romans as an outpost called Portus Cale, which is believed to be the origin of the name Portugal. The city is also responsible for the name of one of the country's most famous exports, Port wine, the (usually) sweet red fortified wine that was first exported by local merchants across Europe in the second half of the 17th century. These days the city and surrounding municipalities are home to around 1.7 million people, but Porto retains its historic charm. One of its oldest riverside neighborhoods, the Ribeira, was honored as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1996 and was also designated as a National Monument of Portugal.

一座高耸的灯塔和一点浪花

你在这里看到的费尔盖拉灯塔（Farolim de Felgueiras）经受了大约135年无情的海浪。它从1886年开始向接近葡萄牙第二大城市波尔图的船只发出单独警告，直到2009年最后关闭。尽管它已经停止运作，但它仍然是当地著名的地标。它为观光客提供了一个美丽的景色，也许还有一点海洋浪花，从它的栖息处俯瞰着杜罗河口，杜罗河口流入大西洋。

附近的城市波尔图最初由罗马人在公元前136年左右建立，作为一个前哨站，称为波尔图卡尔，这被认为是葡萄牙这个名字的起源。这座城市也是该国最著名的出口商品之一，波尔图葡萄酒（Port wine）的名字的来源，波尔图葡萄酒（Port wine）是一种（通常）甜红色的强化葡萄酒，17世纪后半叶，当地商人首次在欧洲各地出口。如今，这座城市和周围的市政当局居住着大约170万人，但波尔图仍然保持着它的历史魅力。里贝拉是最古老的河畔社区之一，1996年被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产，并被指定为葡萄牙国家纪念碑。

A light at the edge of the world

Seemingly against all odds, the Aniva Lighthouse stands atop this rocky outcrop where it once lit the way for vessels navigating the fierce currents, hidden rocks, and frequent fogs of Cape Aniva on the island of Sakhalin. Russia's largest island, Sakhalin lies off the mainland's Far East coast, due north of the Japanese island of Hokkaido. The island was hotly contested by both Russia and Japan in the 19th and early 20th centuries. In the late 1930s, when the Aniva Lighthouse was built, Russia controlled the northern half of Sakhalin while...

世界边缘的一盏灯

阿尼瓦灯塔似乎与所有的可能性背道而驰，它矗立在这块岩石露头之上，曾经为船只在萨哈林岛上的阿尼瓦角激流、暗礁和频繁的浓雾中航行照亮了道路。萨哈林岛是俄罗斯最大的岛屿，位于大陆远东海岸，日本北海道岛正北。在19世纪和20世纪初，这个岛屿受到俄罗斯和日本的激烈争夺。上世纪30年代末，阿尼瓦灯塔建成后，俄罗斯控制了萨哈林岛的北半部，而。。。

A holiday beacon of light

This classic New England scene is Cape Neddick Light, one of Maine's most iconic lighthouses, all lit up for the holiday season. Every year on the Saturday after Thanksgiving, hundreds gather on the mainland across from tiny Nubble Island to count down to the lighting. It is quite the holiday tradition, complete with Santa, live reindeer, and thousands of cookies baked by locals.

'Nubble Light,' or 'the Nub,' is arguably the most iconic of Maine's 65 lighthouses. Built on more than two acres of granite island, the Nub has been protecting sailors since 1879. There's no better time to visit than when it's all dressed up for the holidays. And if you miss the winter display, you can come back in July, when it's relit for summer visitors.

节日的灯塔

这个经典的新英格兰场景是涅迪克角灯塔，缅因州最具标志性的灯塔之一，在节日期间灯火通明。每年感恩节后的星期六，数百人聚集在努布尔岛对面的大陆上，为灯光倒数。这是一个相当传统的节日，有圣诞老人，驯鹿和当地人烤的成千上万的饼干。

“纽伯灯”或“纽伯”可以说是缅因州65座灯塔中最具标志性的。 Nub建于2英亩以上的花岗岩岛上，自1879年以来就一直为水手们提供保护。没有比盛装过节更好的时间了。如果你错过了冬季的展览，你可以在7月回来，那时灯塔会为夏季游客重新点亮。

星空迷