标签 德国 下的文章

冬日里的科赫尔湖，德国巴伐利亚州 Kochelsee and Heimgarten Mountain in Bavaria, Germany (© Reinhard Schmid/eStock Photo)

Kochelsee in Bavaria

To English speakers, this is Lake Kochel. To German speakers, it's Kochelsee. Whatever you call it, this popular recreation spot in Bavaria looks great all decked out in winter white. Imagine how quiet it must be when the lake is blanketed by snow. Now stretch your imagination further to the warm summer months when the shores of Kochelsee are busy with tourists out to get a dose of nature. The lake is just an hour's journey by car or train, south from the Munich. Visit during summer and you're likely to see windsurfers gliding across the surface of the lake.

巴伐利亚州的科切西

对说英语的人来说，这是科切尔湖。对说德语的人来说，这是科切西。不管你怎么称呼它，这个巴伐利亚州广受欢迎的娱乐场所穿上冬装，看起来很棒。想象一下，当湖面被雪覆盖时，一定是多么安静。现在，让你的想象力进一步延伸到温暖的夏季，科切西海岸正忙于吸引游客到这里来体验大自然。从慕尼黑以南，乘汽车或火车到这个湖只有一个小时的路程。夏季游览，你可能会看到风帆冲浪者滑过湖面。

星空下的灯塔，德国Westerhever镇 Westerheversand Lighthouse in Westerhever, Germany (© Sandra Bartocha/Minden Pictures)

Westerheversand Lighthouse

Even in the places most altered by humans, nature seems to slip through, like the Milky Way shown here peeking between light beams from Germany's Westerheversand Lighthouse. This beacon lies along the Wadden Sea, which forms the world's largest tidal flat along the Dutch, German, and Danish coasts.

This soggy low country was once prone to deadly flooding, but over time, locals have moved earth and sea to reinvent the coastline with dikes, causeways, and artificial islands. You may not guess it by the thousands of species of seabirds, shellfish, and other lifeforms that thrive here, but this UNESCO-recognized biosphere is one of the most engineered locales on Earth.

韦斯特海尔桑灯塔

即使在那些被人类改变最多的地方，自然似乎也在悄悄溜走，就像图中所示的银河系在德国西部凡尔赛灯塔的光束之间窥视。这座灯塔位于瓦登海沿岸，瓦登海在荷兰、德国和丹麦海岸形成了世界上最大的潮坪。

这个潮湿低洼的国家曾经容易发生致命的洪水，但随着时间的推移，当地人已经移动了土地和海洋，用堤坝、堤道和人工岛屿重建了海岸线。你可能无法从这里繁衍生息的数千种海鸟、贝类和其他生命形式中猜到，但这个联合国教科文组织认可的生物圈是地球上最精心设计的地方之一。

韦尼格罗德的圣诞市场，德国萨克森-安哈尔特州 (© Krzysztof Baranowski/Moment/Getty Images)

黑林山中的赤狐，德国 Red fox in the Black Forest of Germany (© Klaus Echle/Minden Pictures)

A red fox stalks the Black Forest

Even in the most flattering daylight, foxes somehow always seem up to no good. Not to mention when they're spotted slinking up a fallen tree in a dank, shadowy Black Forest in Germany. These cunning canids get away with a lot just by being cute, don't you think?

That mischievous twinkle in a fox's eye hasn't gone unnoticed by countless cultures around the world. Most fox myths venerate the critter as a trickster or even a shapeshifter who outfoxes larger, meaner foes like lions and bears. But the fox is said to sometimes hoodwink humans too…so keep your wits about you while wandering the wilderness.

一只红狐在黑森林里游荡

即使在最讨人喜欢的日子里，狐狸也似乎总是做得不好。更不用说他们在德国潮湿阴暗的黑森林里偷偷爬上一棵倒下的树了。这些狡猾的犬科动物仅仅因为可爱就逃脱了很多惩罚，你不这么认为吗？

这种恶作剧般的眨眼行为并没有被全世界无数文化所忽视。大多数关于狐狸的神话都把这种小动物视为一个骗子，甚至是一个变形者，它能击败更大、更卑鄙的敌人，如狮子和熊。但是据说狐狸有时也会欺骗人类……所以在荒野中游荡时，要保持机智。

德国图林根海尼克国家公园的树梢走道 Treetop walkway in Hainich National Park, Thuringia, Germany (© mauritius images GmbH/Alamy)

Top of the trees

There are 16 national parks in Germany, but Hainich National Park is the only one in the central state of Thuringia. One of the main objectives of this park is the protection of a native beech forest that is part of a UNESCO World Heritage listing. A treetop path allows visitors to enjoy a bird's eye view of the forest. The 530-meter-long wooden walkway winds along the tops of towering trees and spirals upwards to an observation tower. Along the walk, there is information about the park's flora and fauna – thousands of animal species live in the forest, including wildcats, bats, and woodpeckers.

树梢

德国有16个国家公园，但海尼克国家公园是中部图林根州唯一的国家公园。该公园的主要目标之一是保护作为联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录一部分的原生山毛榉林。树梢小径让游客可以鸟瞰森林。这条530米长的木制走道蜿蜒在参天大树的顶端，盘旋向上，形成了一座观景塔。沿着这条小路，有关于公园动植物的信息——森林里生活着数千种动物，包括野猫、蝙蝠和啄木鸟。

埃尔福特附近的瓦克森堡城堡, 德国 Wachsenburg Castle near Erfurt, Germany (© Radius Images/Offset by Shutterstock)

A reflection of Europe's past

Today we're in the central German state of Thuringia to visit Wachsenburg Castle. It's the most famous of a trio of medieval hilltop castles collectively referred to as 'Drei Gleichen' (Three of a Kind) because of their close resemblance. Wachsenburg was originally built by the Hersfeld Monastery sometime in the early 10th century as a fortified castle, but it underwent significant changes over the centuries.

As might be expected of a building nearly 1,100 years old, the castle has housed many different occupants in its time, some of them notorious. Through most of its history it was used as a defensive fortress, and by the 13th century the Counts of Mühlburg had added a moat to help fend off invaders from nearby Hungary. Later, in the mid-15th century, an infamous brigand and wayward knight named Apel von Vitzthum conquered Wachsenburg. He used it as a base to carry out raids against merchants in the nearby town of Erfurt before the locals finally banded together to put an end to his pillaging. The Duke of Saxony took control of the fortress in 1710, but by the late 18th century, it was being used as prison. These days, Wachsenburg plays a different role in the local community. Following a number of renovations, including a major one in the 1990s, it's now a tourist destination complete with restaurant, hotel, and museum.

欧洲历史的反映

今天我们在德国中部的图林根州参观瓦克森堡城堡。它是三座中世纪山顶城堡中最著名的一座，因为它们非常相似，所以被统称为“Drei Gleichen”（一种三座）。瓦克森堡最初是由赫斯菲尔德修道院建于10世纪初的某个时候，作为一个设防的城堡，但它经历了几个世纪的重大变化。

正如人们所料，这座有着近1100年历史的建筑，在它的时代里居住着许多不同的居住者，其中一些人臭名昭著。在其历史的大部分时间里，它被用作防御堡垒，到了13世纪，缪尔堡伯爵又加了一条护城河，以帮助抵御附近匈牙利的入侵者。后来，在15世纪中叶，一个臭名昭著的土匪和任性的骑士命名为阿佩尔冯维茨图姆征服了瓦克森堡。他以这里为基地，对附近埃尔福特镇的商人进行突袭，直到当地人最终联合起来，结束了对他的掠夺。1710年，萨克森公爵控制了这座要塞，但到了18世纪末，它被用作监狱。如今，瓦克森堡在当地社区扮演着不同的角色。经过多次翻修，包括上世纪90年代的一次大型翻修，现在它已成为一个旅游胜地，拥有餐厅、酒店和博物馆。

Zinnowitz pier on Usedom island in the Baltic Sea, Germany (© Frank Günther/Getty Images)

阿尔高阿尔卑斯山脉的Schrecksee湖，德国巴伐利亚 Lake Schrecksee in the Allgäu Alps, Bavaria, Germany (© Andreas Hagspiel/EyeEm/Getty Images)

The picturesque lake in the Allgäu high Alps

The Schrecksee in the Allgäu High Alps has the reputation among mountain hikers as being the most beautiful mountain lake in the Alps. We don't want to commit ourselves, but given this magnificent record, it's undeniable that he's definitely making it into the top 10. The picturesque mountain lake lies at 1,813 metres in a cauldron-like high valley, surrounded by six Allgäu mountain peaks called Knappenkopf, Kirchendach, Kälbelespitze, Kastenkopf, Lahnerkopf and Älpelekopf.

The ascent to the Schrecksee takes about three hours from Bad Hindelang in the Oberallgäu. A good basic level of fitness is a prerequisite for almost 1,000 meters of altitude. There is a good chance of encountering marmots and eagles along the way. And those who are not sensitive to the cold can take a refreshing swim in the idyllic lake after the strenuous ascent. This is probably why the Schrecksee got its name because its water is still shockingly cold even in midsummer.

阿尔高阿尔卑斯山风景如画的山湖

阿尔高阿尔卑斯山的Schrecksee湖被登山者誉为阿尔卑斯山上最美丽的山湖。我们不想作出承诺，但鉴于这一辉煌的记录，不可否认的是，他肯定会进入前10名。风景如画的山湖位于1813米处，坐落在一个像釜一样的高山谷中，周围环绕着六个山谷Knappenkopf, Kirchendach, Kälbelespitze, Kastenkopf, Lahnerkopf和Älpelekopf。

从奥伯拉格的巴德后德兰到施雷克西大约需要三个小时，良好的基本身体素质是海拔近1000米的先决条件。沿途很有可能遇到土拨鼠和老鹰。而那些对寒冷不敏感的人，可以在艰苦的攀登之后，在田园诗般的湖中畅游一番。这可能就是为什么Schrecksee的名字，因为它的水仍然令人震惊的冷，即使在仲夏。

新天鹅堡附近Pöllat峡谷的瀑布，德国巴伐利亚 Waterfall at Pöllat Gorge near Neuschwanstein Castle, Bavaria, Germany (© Gary Whitton/Alamy)

Waterfall of the "thundering brook"

The view down is only for those with a head for heights. At this point, the Pöllat plunges about 30 meters into the depths after it had previously made its way through the Königswinkel in the Allgäu. The most scenic part of the approximately ten kilometer long torrent leads through the Pöllat Gorge near Hohenschwangau. It is easily accessible via an iron footbridge and a hike offers spectacular viewpoints, for example on the Marienbrücke, which spans the gorge at a height of 90 meters.

The Pöllat overcomes an altitude difference of around 645 meters on its way down into the valley. It is no coincidence that the name is derived from the Celtic "Bellat", which means something like "thundering brook". If you are in the mood for culture after an excursion into nature, you will find a special attraction not far from the Pöllatfall. Neuschwanstein Castle, owned by the Bavarian fairy tale king Ludwig II, is one of the most beautiful castles in Germany.

“雷溪”瀑布

下面的景色只适合那些有高度头脑的人。在这一点上，Pö拉特在先前穿过K型潜艇后，潜入约30米深处ö所有的黑鬼ä美国。这条长约10公里的洪流最为壮观的部分穿过Pö霍亨施旺高附近的拉特峡谷。通过铁人行天桥很容易到达，徒步旅行可以看到壮观的景色，例如在Marienbr河上ü它横跨峡谷，高90米。

Pöllat在进入山谷的途中克服了大约645米的高度差。这个名字来自凯尔特人的“贝拉特”，意思是“雷鸣溪”，这绝非巧合。如果你在游览完自然后有了文化的心情，你会发现离P不远有一个特别的景点ö我摔倒了。巴伐利亚童话国王路德维希二世拥有的新天鹅堡是德国最美丽的城堡之一。

鸟瞰博登湖上的迈瑙岛，德国 Aerial view of the island of Mainau on Lake Constance, Germany (© Amazing Aerial Agency/Offset by Shutterstock)

Welcome to the "flower island"!

From this height it is not immediately apparent why this island is nicknamed the “flower island”. But even a bird's eye view already suggests that the island of Mainau in Lake Constance is a special kind of natural experience - in every season of the year. Millions of tulips, daffodils and hyacinths bloom there in spring, rhododendrons, azaleas and roses can be admired in summer, dahlias bloom in autumn and in the cold months the island is transformed into a magical winter garden.

欢迎来到“花岛”！

从这个高度看，这个岛为什么被昵称为“花岛”还不清楚。但即使是鸟瞰图也已经表明，康斯坦斯湖的迈瑙岛是一种特殊的自然体验——在一年中的每一个季节。数百万的郁金香、水仙花和风信子在春天盛开，杜鹃花、杜鹃花和玫瑰在夏天可以欣赏，大丽花在秋天盛开，在寒冷的月份，岛上变成了一个神奇的冬季花园。