标签 德国 下的文章

厄尔士山脉上的光晕，德国萨克森州 Halo around the sun in the Ore Mountains, Saxony, Germany (© Martin Ruegner/Getty Images)

Halo around the sun

What do you call a rainbow formed by ice? An icebow, of course. Others call the phenomenon a halo, and we'll admit it does have a mystical aura. It happens in locales where the bitter cold persists despite the shining sun, like here in the Ore Mountains of Germany. When the conditions are just right, tiny ice crystals in the air will refract light into a colorful halo around the bright sun. It's a perfect complement to the snow angels you're yearning to make in this pristine blanket of white.

太阳周围的光晕

冰形成的彩虹叫什么？当然是冰山。其他人称这种现象为光环，我们承认它确实有神秘的光环。这种情况发生在尽管阳光灿烂，但严寒依然持续的地方，比如德国的俄勒冈州。当条件合适时，空气中的微小冰晶会在明亮的太阳周围折射出五颜六色的光晕。这是一个完美的补充雪天使，你渴望在这个原始的白色毯子。

博格豪森镇和萨尔察赫河，德国巴伐利亚州 Burghausen town and Salzach river, Bavaria, Germany (© Harald Nachtmann/Moment/Getty Images)

Burghausen town and Salzach river, Bavaria, Germany

The town of Borghausen is located on the banks of the Salchach, a large river in the Alps, which at 225 km. The name "castle" is rarely as specific as it is in upper Bavarian town, cause Borghausen boasts the world's longest castle complex at 1,051 meters.

The impressive defensive structure sits on a ridge above the old town, with a total of six courtyards. The oldest part dates back to the Middle Ages, with the first documentary mentioning around 1025. The main castle represents the oldest part of it, which can be seen clearly on the left side in the picture.

德国巴伐利亚州Burghausen镇和Salzach河

Borghausen镇位于阿尔卑斯山脉的一条大河Salchach河岸上，全长225公里。“城堡”这个名字很少像在上巴伐利亚镇那样具体，因为博格豪森拥有世界上最长的城堡建筑群，高1051米。

令人印象深刻的防御结构坐落在老城上方的山脊上，共有六个庭院。最古老的部分可以追溯到中世纪，第一部纪录片提到1025年左右。主城堡代表了它最古老的部分，在图片的左侧可以清楚地看到。

冬日里的科赫尔湖，德国巴伐利亚州 Kochelsee and Heimgarten Mountain in Bavaria, Germany (© Reinhard Schmid/eStock Photo)

Kochelsee in Bavaria

To English speakers, this is Lake Kochel. To German speakers, it's Kochelsee. Whatever you call it, this popular recreation spot in Bavaria looks great all decked out in winter white. Imagine how quiet it must be when the lake is blanketed by snow. Now stretch your imagination further to the warm summer months when the shores of Kochelsee are busy with tourists out to get a dose of nature. The lake is just an hour's journey by car or train, south from the Munich. Visit during summer and you're likely to see windsurfers gliding across the surface of the lake.

巴伐利亚州的科切西

对说英语的人来说，这是科切尔湖。对说德语的人来说，这是科切西。不管你怎么称呼它，这个巴伐利亚州广受欢迎的娱乐场所穿上冬装，看起来很棒。想象一下，当湖面被雪覆盖时，一定是多么安静。现在，让你的想象力进一步延伸到温暖的夏季，科切西海岸正忙于吸引游客到这里来体验大自然。从慕尼黑以南，乘汽车或火车到这个湖只有一个小时的路程。夏季游览，你可能会看到风帆冲浪者滑过湖面。

星空下的灯塔，德国Westerhever镇 Westerheversand Lighthouse in Westerhever, Germany (© Sandra Bartocha/Minden Pictures)

Westerheversand Lighthouse

Even in the places most altered by humans, nature seems to slip through, like the Milky Way shown here peeking between light beams from Germany's Westerheversand Lighthouse. This beacon lies along the Wadden Sea, which forms the world's largest tidal flat along the Dutch, German, and Danish coasts.

This soggy low country was once prone to deadly flooding, but over time, locals have moved earth and sea to reinvent the coastline with dikes, causeways, and artificial islands. You may not guess it by the thousands of species of seabirds, shellfish, and other lifeforms that thrive here, but this UNESCO-recognized biosphere is one of the most engineered locales on Earth.

韦斯特海尔桑灯塔

即使在那些被人类改变最多的地方，自然似乎也在悄悄溜走，就像图中所示的银河系在德国西部凡尔赛灯塔的光束之间窥视。这座灯塔位于瓦登海沿岸，瓦登海在荷兰、德国和丹麦海岸形成了世界上最大的潮坪。

这个潮湿低洼的国家曾经容易发生致命的洪水，但随着时间的推移，当地人已经移动了土地和海洋，用堤坝、堤道和人工岛屿重建了海岸线。你可能无法从这里繁衍生息的数千种海鸟、贝类和其他生命形式中猜到，但这个联合国教科文组织认可的生物圈是地球上最精心设计的地方之一。

韦尼格罗德的圣诞市场，德国萨克森-安哈尔特州 (© Krzysztof Baranowski/Moment/Getty Images)

黑林山中的赤狐，德国 Red fox in the Black Forest of Germany (© Klaus Echle/Minden Pictures)

A red fox stalks the Black Forest

Even in the most flattering daylight, foxes somehow always seem up to no good. Not to mention when they're spotted slinking up a fallen tree in a dank, shadowy Black Forest in Germany. These cunning canids get away with a lot just by being cute, don't you think?

That mischievous twinkle in a fox's eye hasn't gone unnoticed by countless cultures around the world. Most fox myths venerate the critter as a trickster or even a shapeshifter who outfoxes larger, meaner foes like lions and bears. But the fox is said to sometimes hoodwink humans too…so keep your wits about you while wandering the wilderness.

一只红狐在黑森林里游荡

即使在最讨人喜欢的日子里，狐狸也似乎总是做得不好。更不用说他们在德国潮湿阴暗的黑森林里偷偷爬上一棵倒下的树了。这些狡猾的犬科动物仅仅因为可爱就逃脱了很多惩罚，你不这么认为吗？

这种恶作剧般的眨眼行为并没有被全世界无数文化所忽视。大多数关于狐狸的神话都把这种小动物视为一个骗子，甚至是一个变形者，它能击败更大、更卑鄙的敌人，如狮子和熊。但是据说狐狸有时也会欺骗人类……所以在荒野中游荡时，要保持机智。

德国图林根海尼克国家公园的树梢走道 Treetop walkway in Hainich National Park, Thuringia, Germany (© mauritius images GmbH/Alamy)

Top of the trees

There are 16 national parks in Germany, but Hainich National Park is the only one in the central state of Thuringia. One of the main objectives of this park is the protection of a native beech forest that is part of a UNESCO World Heritage listing. A treetop path allows visitors to enjoy a bird's eye view of the forest. The 530-meter-long wooden walkway winds along the tops of towering trees and spirals upwards to an observation tower. Along the walk, there is information about the park's flora and fauna – thousands of animal species live in the forest, including wildcats, bats, and woodpeckers.

树梢

德国有16个国家公园，但海尼克国家公园是中部图林根州唯一的国家公园。该公园的主要目标之一是保护作为联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录一部分的原生山毛榉林。树梢小径让游客可以鸟瞰森林。这条530米长的木制走道蜿蜒在参天大树的顶端，盘旋向上，形成了一座观景塔。沿着这条小路，有关于公园动植物的信息——森林里生活着数千种动物，包括野猫、蝙蝠和啄木鸟。

埃尔福特附近的瓦克森堡城堡, 德国 Wachsenburg Castle near Erfurt, Germany (© Radius Images/Offset by Shutterstock)

A reflection of Europe's past

Today we're in the central German state of Thuringia to visit Wachsenburg Castle. It's the most famous of a trio of medieval hilltop castles collectively referred to as 'Drei Gleichen' (Three of a Kind) because of their close resemblance. Wachsenburg was originally built by the Hersfeld Monastery sometime in the early 10th century as a fortified castle, but it underwent significant changes over the centuries.

As might be expected of a building nearly 1,100 years old, the castle has housed many different occupants in its time, some of them notorious. Through most of its history it was used as a defensive fortress, and by the 13th century the Counts of Mühlburg had added a moat to help fend off invaders from nearby Hungary. Later, in the mid-15th century, an infamous brigand and wayward knight named Apel von Vitzthum conquered Wachsenburg. He used it as a base to carry out raids against merchants in the nearby town of Erfurt before the locals finally banded together to put an end to his pillaging. The Duke of Saxony took control of the fortress in 1710, but by the late 18th century, it was being used as prison. These days, Wachsenburg plays a different role in the local community. Following a number of renovations, including a major one in the 1990s, it's now a tourist destination complete with restaurant, hotel, and museum.

欧洲历史的反映

今天我们在德国中部的图林根州参观瓦克森堡城堡。它是三座中世纪山顶城堡中最著名的一座，因为它们非常相似，所以被统称为“Drei Gleichen”（一种三座）。瓦克森堡最初是由赫斯菲尔德修道院建于10世纪初的某个时候，作为一个设防的城堡，但它经历了几个世纪的重大变化。

正如人们所料，这座有着近1100年历史的建筑，在它的时代里居住着许多不同的居住者，其中一些人臭名昭著。在其历史的大部分时间里，它被用作防御堡垒，到了13世纪，缪尔堡伯爵又加了一条护城河，以帮助抵御附近匈牙利的入侵者。后来，在15世纪中叶，一个臭名昭著的土匪和任性的骑士命名为阿佩尔冯维茨图姆征服了瓦克森堡。他以这里为基地，对附近埃尔福特镇的商人进行突袭，直到当地人最终联合起来，结束了对他的掠夺。1710年，萨克森公爵控制了这座要塞，但到了18世纪末，它被用作监狱。如今，瓦克森堡在当地社区扮演着不同的角色。经过多次翻修，包括上世纪90年代的一次大型翻修，现在它已成为一个旅游胜地，拥有餐厅、酒店和博物馆。

Zinnowitz pier on Usedom island in the Baltic Sea, Germany (© Frank Günther/Getty Images)

阿尔高阿尔卑斯山脉的Schrecksee湖，德国巴伐利亚 Lake Schrecksee in the Allgäu Alps, Bavaria, Germany (© Andreas Hagspiel/EyeEm/Getty Images)

The picturesque lake in the Allgäu high Alps

The Schrecksee in the Allgäu High Alps has the reputation among mountain hikers as being the most beautiful mountain lake in the Alps. We don't want to commit ourselves, but given this magnificent record, it's undeniable that he's definitely making it into the top 10. The picturesque mountain lake lies at 1,813 metres in a cauldron-like high valley, surrounded by six Allgäu mountain peaks called Knappenkopf, Kirchendach, Kälbelespitze, Kastenkopf, Lahnerkopf and Älpelekopf.

The ascent to the Schrecksee takes about three hours from Bad Hindelang in the Oberallgäu. A good basic level of fitness is a prerequisite for almost 1,000 meters of altitude. There is a good chance of encountering marmots and eagles along the way. And those who are not sensitive to the cold can take a refreshing swim in the idyllic lake after the strenuous ascent. This is probably why the Schrecksee got its name because its water is still shockingly cold even in midsummer.

阿尔高阿尔卑斯山风景如画的山湖

阿尔高阿尔卑斯山的Schrecksee湖被登山者誉为阿尔卑斯山上最美丽的山湖。我们不想作出承诺，但鉴于这一辉煌的记录，不可否认的是，他肯定会进入前10名。风景如画的山湖位于1813米处，坐落在一个像釜一样的高山谷中，周围环绕着六个山谷Knappenkopf, Kirchendach, Kälbelespitze, Kastenkopf, Lahnerkopf和Älpelekopf。

从奥伯拉格的巴德后德兰到施雷克西大约需要三个小时，良好的基本身体素质是海拔近1000米的先决条件。沿途很有可能遇到土拨鼠和老鹰。而那些对寒冷不敏感的人，可以在艰苦的攀登之后，在田园诗般的湖中畅游一番。这可能就是为什么Schrecksee的名字，因为它的水仍然令人震惊的冷，即使在仲夏。