标签夏威夷下的文章

莫洛基尼，毛伊岛，夏威夷，美国 Molokini Crater, Maui, Hawaii (© Douglas Peebles/eStock Photo)

迎合所有人口味的景点 Cratering to all tastes

莫洛基尼火山口，毛伊岛，夏威夷

今天我们来到了莫洛基尼火山口。它是太平洋中的一个迷人“月牙”，位于夏威夷的毛伊岛和卡霍奥拉维岛之间的阿拉拉凯基海峡中。小岛是约23万年前火山喷发后留下的遗迹形成的。关于小岛的形成，还有另一个说法。在夏威夷的神话中，火女神佩蕾爱上了一个名叫莫欧的男人，问题是莫欧爱着另一个女人。佩蕾的复仇往往很暴力：她把情敌切成了两半，对方的身体变成了莫洛基尼，脑袋变成了普奥莱，即毛伊岛上的火山渣锥。

如今的莫洛基尼火山口是一个热门的潜水和浮潜胜地，月牙般的地形，可以保护潜水员免受海浪和强大水流的侵袭，使他们能够尽情欣赏美丽的珊瑚礁，这里的能见度达到150英尺，生活着至少250种鱼类，包括黑鳞鲀和鹦嘴鱼，以及38种硬珊瑚和约100种藻类，这片海是如此可爱，你是不是忍不住想去游玩呢？记住！到了那里千万别惹怒佩蕾！

Molokini Crater, Maui, Hawaii

Today we're at Molokini Crater. This pleasant crescent in the Pacific Ocean lies in the 'Alalākeiki Channel between the Hawaiian islands of Maui and Kaho'olawe. The islet is all that remains of a volcano that erupted about 230,000 years ago. According to Hawaiian mythology, Pele the fire goddess was in love with a man named Mo'o. The trouble was that Mo'o was in love with another woman. Pele's revenge was typically violent: She cut her rival in two, her body becoming Molokini, while her head became Pu'u Olai, a cinder cone on Maui.

Molokini Crater these days is a prime scuba and snorkeling destination; the islet's crescent shape protects divers from waves and currents, allowing them to enjoy the reef. This habitat is home to at least 250 species of fish, including black triggerfish and parrotfish, as well as 38 species of hard coral, and some 100 species of algae. So, come on in, the water's lovely. Just be sure not to anger Pele.

哈纳之路，毛伊岛，夏威夷，美国 Road to Hana, Maui, Hawaii (© Matteo Colombo/Getty Images)

放慢脚步，享受旅途！ Slow down, enjoy the journey!

哈纳之路，毛伊岛，夏威夷

游客们经常把夏威夷和放松画上等号，但作为该地最著名的景点之一的哈纳之路，可能会让你紧紧抓住方向盘。这条公路沿着毛伊岛的北部海岸，从卡胡卢伊延伸到宁静的哈纳镇，全长64英里，有600多个弯道和许多单行道桥梁。行车途中需要集中注意力，所以不要忘记在郁郁葱葱的雨林和层层叠叠的瀑布前停下来放松一下。哈纳之路沿途的亮点包括天然小径、双子瀑布和怀阿纳帕纳帕州立公园的黑沙滩。

Road to Hana, Maui, Hawaii

With more than 600 curves and numerous one-lane bridges, it's best not to relax too much while navigating Hawaii's famous Road to Hana. It's hard to stay focused though, as the road winds its way through lush surroundings over 64 miles along the northern coast of Maui, from Kahului to Hana. Make a few stops along the way to get the best views of the rainforests and waterfalls that line the route. Popular attractions include the Waikamoi Ridge Trail, the easily accessible Twin Falls, and the black sands of Wai'ānapanapa State Park.

怀阿纳帕纳帕州立公园的黑沙滩，茂宜岛，夏威夷，美国 Black sand beach at Wai'ānapanapa State Park, Maui, Hawaii (© Matt Anderson Photography/Getty Images)

热带天堂的黑沙滩 Black sands in a tropical paradise

怀阿纳帕纳帕州立公园，茂宜岛，夏威夷

黑色沙滩通常是怎样形成的？有两种情况：第一种情况，海浪冲刷海滩时，深色的、较重的矿物质留了下来；第二种情况则发生在怀阿纳帕纳帕州立公园的这片沙滩，玄武岩（一种黑色的火山岩）被海浪侵蚀成细小的颗粒，形成了令人惊叹的黑色沙滩。你可以在茂宜岛东侧，哈纳之路的尽头找到这个海滩。类似的黑沙滩遍布世界各地，包括阿拉斯加、加利福尼亚、希腊、哥斯达黎加、意大利、冰岛、印度尼西亚和新西兰等地。

Wai'ānapanapa State Park, Maui, Hawaii

Brooding black sand beaches are popular with photographers looking for something a little different, and Hawaii has plenty of them on offer. This famous beach at Wai'ānapanapa State Park on Maui was created when basalt, a dark volcanic rock, was eroded by waves into fine grains, creating a stunning shoreline. You'll find it on Maui's east side, toward the end of the legendary Road to Hana, a scenic 64-mile highway. You can also find black sand shores around the world, from Alaska to Greece, Costa Rica, Italy, Iceland, Indonesia, and New Zealand.

大岛上的霍瑙瑙国家历史公园，夏威夷 Pu'uhonua o Hōnaunau National Historical Park, Big Island, Hawaii (© Westend61/Getty Images)

追逐彩虹 Chasing rainbows

寻找彩虹日

每年的4月3日是美国的国家寻找彩虹日。阳光穿过空中的小水珠时，小水珠就成了天然的透镜，这些彩色的奇观就产生了。彩虹是阳光的折射产生的，因此彩虹永远都在太阳的对面。

夏威夷是经常出现彩虹。在大岛上的霍瑙瑙国家历史公园，这里的山地地形、干净的空气和风形成了产生彩虹的完美环境。

National Find a Rainbow Day

Happy National Find a Rainbow Day! These colorful natural marvels appear when light strikes water droplets, creating a natural prism effect. So, areas that have plenty of sunshine and showers are a good place to start your search.

And where better to look than Hawaii, said to be the rainbow capital of the world? At Pu'uhonua o Hōnaunau National Historical Park on the Big Island, a combination of mountains, clear air, and trade winds bringing rain showers helps create the perfect conditions for rainbow sightings.

威美亚峡谷和怀波奥瀑布上空的彩虹, 考艾岛, 夏威夷, 美国 Rainbow over Waimea Canyon and Waipo'o Falls, Kauai, Hawaii (© Beverley Van Praagh/Getty Images)

雨后见彩虹 A rainbow that's worth the rainfall

威美亚峡谷上空的彩虹，夏威夷

威美亚峡谷被誉为“太平洋大峡谷”，是风景如画的怀波奥瀑布所在地。瀑布和峡谷河流的源头来自地球上降雨量最多的地方之一怀厄莱阿莱峰。大约400万年前，考艾岛火山坍塌了一部分，形成了一个洼地，随着威美亚河流的不断侵蚀，洼地逐渐变成了如今的威美亚峡谷。考艾岛地形多变，风景各不相同，如果你想探寻考艾岛的多样性，可以离开海滩，沿着蜿蜒的550高速公路进入山区，在到达怀波奥瀑布观景台之前，你会在沿途收获海岸和峡谷的壮丽景色。

Waimea Canyon and Waipo'o Falls, Kauai, Hawaii

Waimea Canyon, sometimes referred to as the Grand Canyon of the Pacific, is home to the picturesque Waipo'o Falls. The water that flows through the falls and canyon descends from Mount Wai'ale'ale, one of the rainiest places on Earth. Around 4 million years ago, a portion of the volcanic Kaua'i collapsed, creating a depression that the Waimea River has further eroded into today's canyon. If you want to see the true variety of Kauai, leave the beach behind and take winding State Route 550 into the mountains. Along the way you will see stunning views of the shore and the canyon before arriving at the lookout for Waipo'o Falls.

毛伊岛附近的座头鲸，美国夏威夷 Humpback whales, Maui, Hawaii (© Flip Nicklin/Minden Pictures)

海洋之王 King of the ocean

毛伊岛鲸鱼节

在座头鲸巨大体型的衬托之下，你会觉得自己是如此的渺小。成年座头鲸体长达46-56英尺以上，是地球上最大的哺乳动物之一。夏威夷毛伊岛每年都会举办鲸鱼节，游客们可以参加观鲸活动，近距离接触这些美丽的庞然大物。座头鲸是须鲸的一种，以擅长唱歌而闻名，它们嘹亮优美的歌声甚至可以在水中传到“千里之外”。有趣的是，每个鲸鱼群都有自己的鲸歌，并且只有雄性鲸鱼才唱歌。此外，鲸鱼还是河马的远亲，它们是从同一个祖先进化而来。

Humpback whales in Maui, Hawaii

If you ever want to feel insignificant, just think about the sheer size of a humpback whale. With adults growing up to more than 46-56 feet, humpback whales are one of the biggest mammals on Earth. In Hawaii, you can get the opportunity to go on a whale-watching tour during the Maui Whale Festival and get up close with these giant, beautiful creatures. A species of baleen whale, humpback whales are known for their long elaborate songs, which travel far distances through the waters. Each whale population has its own song, and interestingly, it is only the males that sing. Also, did you know that whales are distant relatives of hippos? Both species evolved from a common ancestor.

漏出“天窗”的熔岩管，夏威夷火山国家公园 Skylight into an active lava tube, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, Hawaii (© Tom Schwabel/Tandem Stills + Motion)

世界上最活跃的火山 The most active volcano in the world

Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park at 106

The orange glow of a lava tube like the one pictured here is a frequent site on Hawaii's Kilauea, the youngest volcano on one of the youngest islands on Earth. In near constant eruption for the last 40 years, Kilauea is widely considered the most active volcano in the world and is the main attraction at Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, which was created on this day in 1916. The park, which was designated an International Biosphere Reserve and a World Heritage Site, also includes another active volcano, Mauna Loa, the world's most massive shield volcano—Mauna Loa last erupted in 1984. Together, they are among the most studied volcanoes in the world.

The volcanoes of the Big Island of Hawaii offer a real-time glimpse into the ongoing creation of the entire Hawaiian island chain, a process that has been underway for tens of millions of years. Hawaii as we know it owes its existence to a volcanic hotspot on the seafloor. Magma seeps from this hotspot and turns into solid rock. Once enough magma is extruded, the rock breaks the surface of the sea and becomes an island. The island continues to grow until the Pacific tectonic plate moves the island off the hotspot. The hotspot remains stationary, constantly creating new islands. In fact, the next Hawaiian island, named Loihi, is about 20 miles from Hawaii and 3,000 feet below the surface of the ocean. In less than 100,000 years, it is expected to replace the Big Island as the youngest island in the chain, and it too will have its turn at hosting visitors who buy timeshare condos.

Hawaiian religion credits the creation of Hawaii to Pele, the goddess of fire and volcanoes. Possessing a fiery temper and a passionate nature, she is said to make her home in the Halema'uma'u caldera here on Kilauea. From her volcano home she controls the flow of lava and frequency of eruptions. According to modern legend, she sometimes wanders near the park as an old woman wearing a red muumuu, with a white dog, as a warning that a new eruption is soon to come.

106号夏威夷火山国家公园

图中所示的橙色熔岩管辉光是夏威夷基拉韦厄岛上的一个常见地点，基拉韦耶岛是地球上最年轻岛屿之一上最年轻的火山。在过去40年中，基拉韦厄火山几乎持续喷发，被广泛认为是世界上最活跃的火山，是1916年创建的夏威夷火山国家公园的主要景点。该公园被指定为国际生物圈保护区和世界遗产，还包括另一座活火山，莫纳罗亚，世界上最大的盾状火山莫纳洛上次喷发是在1984年。加在一起，它们是世界上研究最多的火山之一。

夏威夷大岛上的火山可以实时观察整个夏威夷岛链的形成过程，这一过程已经持续了数千万年。众所周知，夏威夷的存在得益于海底的火山热点。岩浆从这个热点渗出，变成固体岩石。一旦足够的岩浆被挤出，岩石就会冲破海面，变成一个岛屿。该岛继续增长，直到太平洋构造板块将该岛移出热点。热点保持静止，不断形成新的岛屿。事实上，下一个夏威夷岛，名为Loihi，距离夏威夷约20英里，海拔3000英尺。预计在不到10万年的时间里，它将取代大岛，成为这一链条中最年轻的岛屿，轮到它接待购买分时度假公寓的游客。

夏威夷宗教将夏威夷的诞生归功于火与火山女神贝利。她脾气暴躁，生性热情，据说住在基拉韦厄岛的Halema'uma'u火山口。她在火山口的家中控制着熔岩的流动和喷发的频率。根据现代传说，她有时会在公园附近漫步，就像一个穿着红色muumuu的老妇人，带着一只白色的狗，作为新火山爆发即将到来的警告。

世界鲸鱼日快乐 Wishing you whale of a World Whale Day

Humpback whales and dolphins

As surely as some tourists return to Hawaii each and every year, thousands of humpback whale families, like the one seen in this photo, make an annual winter visit to the waters off Maui. They're the reason behind today's cetacean celebration: World Whale Day. While the observance honors whales of all kinds in all the world's oceans, it was here in Maui that the Pacific Whale Foundation first held the event and timed it to match the yearly return of the humpbacks.

These whales belong to one of at least four populations of humpbacks that live in the North Pacific. This group spends winters breeding and resting up in Hawaii's warm waters before making a summer migration to their feeding grounds in the chilly depths off Alaska. If you visit Hawaii during February, you'll have one of the best opportunities anywhere to spot these majestic marine mammals—and as we see here, maybe you'll spot a few dolphins too!

座头鲸和海豚

正如每年都有一些游客返回夏威夷一样，成千上万的座头鲸家庭，如图中所示，每年都会到毛伊岛附近的水域进行冬季访问。这就是今天鲸类庆祝活动的原因：世界鲸鱼日。当纪念仪式在世界上所有的海洋中都尊敬鲸鱼的时候，在毛伊岛这里，太平洋鲸鱼基金会首先举办了这个活动，并将它定为与驼背的年度回归相匹配。

这些鲸鱼属于生活在北太平洋的座头鲸至少四个种群之一。在夏季迁徙到阿拉斯加寒冷深处的觅食地之前，这群人会在夏威夷温暖的水域进行冬季繁殖和休息。如果你在二月份访问夏威夷，你将有机会在任何地方看到这些壮丽的海洋哺乳动物，正如我们在这里看到的，也许你也会看到一些海豚！

Just another day in paradise

It takes some effort to reach the stunning Nā Pali Coast on the Hawaiian island of Kauai. Located on the northwest side and stretching about 16 miles, Nā Pali isn't accessible by car. You have to hike in, fly in by helicopter, or come at it from the sea by boat. In the summer, when the waves are calm, you can explore the rugged coast by kayak, but you'll need a solid supply of muscle power for the sometimes-grueling paddle. If you seek a gentler approach—and if COVID restrictions allow—book a boat trip to explore the interiors of the sea caves that dot the shore. Today, we're looking down on the Bright Eye sea cave, one of several open-ceiling caves that lost their ceilings to the pounding of the sea.

又是天堂的一天

它需要一些努力，以达到惊人的Nā Pali夏威夷考艾岛的巴利海岸。位于西北侧，向北延伸约16英里Nā Pali岛不能开车去。你必须徒步旅行，乘直升飞机，或者乘船从海上来。在夏季，当海浪平静的时候，你可以用皮划艇探索崎岖的海岸，但是你需要一个坚实的肌肉力量来支撑有时会很费力的划桨。如果你寻求一个更温和的方法，如果科维德限制允许预订一个船旅行，探索内部的海洋洞穴点缀海岸。今天，我们俯瞰着明亮的眼睛海洞，它是几个开放式洞穴中的一个，因为海水的冲击而失去了它们的天花板。

座头鲸妈妈将她熟睡的幼鲸推到水面，夏威夷毛伊岛 Humpback whale mother pushes her sleeping calf to surface, Maui, Hawaii (© Ralph Pace/Minden Pictures)

A whale of a picture

The family drama you see playing out here in the Pacific Ocean near Maui, Hawaii, is a humpback whale calf getting a little nudge from its mom. She presumably wants the sleepy youngster to practice surfacing, something these amazing marine mammals are famous for doing in dramatic fashion. Winter is calving season, when thousands of humpbacks swim to the warm waters off Hawaii, making them a common sight from November until April. Because they're known to hang around near the ocean's surface, breaching or slapping the water with their tails, humpbacks are a favorite of whale watchers everywhere.

Most humpbacks are nomadic and can be found in all the oceans of the world, with some populations migrating distances of up to 5,000 miles as they move from breeding grounds in warmer, tropical waters, to colder areas where food is more plentiful. And when they eat, they don't mess around, consuming up to 2,000 pounds of food each day. They eat tiny crustaceans called krill, as well as small fish. Once on the verge of extinction because of commercial whaling, legislative protections in the US and around the world have helped the humpback population to rebound to somewhere around 80,000 worldwide.

像鲸鱼一样的图片

你在夏威夷毛伊岛附近的太平洋上看到的家庭剧，是一头座头鲸幼崽被它妈妈轻轻推了一下。她大概是想让这个昏昏欲睡的年轻人练习浮出水面，这些神奇的海洋哺乳动物以戏剧化的方式出名。冬季是产犊季节，成千上万的座头鲸游到夏威夷附近温暖的水域，使它们从11月到4月成为常见的景象。因为众所周知，座头鲸在海面附近游荡，用尾巴冲破水面或拍打水面，所以座头鲸是各地鲸鱼观察者的最爱。

大多数座头鲸都是游牧民族，分布在世界上所有的海洋中，当它们从温暖的热带水域的繁殖地迁徙到食物更丰富的寒冷地区时，有些座头鲸的迁徙距离可达5000英里。当他们吃东西的时候，他们不会乱来，每天消耗多达2000磅的食物。它们吃被称为磷虾的微小甲壳类动物，以及小鱼。由于商业捕鲸一度濒临灭绝，美国和世界各地的立法保护帮助座头鲸数量反弹至全球约8万头。

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