分类必应美图下的文章

蓝山国家公园里的萤火虫，澳大利亚 Glowworms in Blue Mountains National Park, Australia (© Leelakajonkij/Getty Images)

Glowworm caves in Australia

Down under the land in the Land Down Under, cave explorers may find these subterranean spaces illuminated by an unlikely light source. Fungus gnat larvae—more affectionately known as glowworms—speckle the walls and ceilings of caverns here in Australia during the warm season from December to March. To humans they're hypnotizingly harmless and add a little otherworldly charm to the caves in such places as Blue Mountains National Park, as seen in our photo. But if you're a fly or mosquito, beware! Glowworms dangle tiny, sticky silk strands that ensnare winged insects flying toward what looks like a starry night sky, but is in fact the cave ceiling, covered in glowworms, patiently waiting to reel in a deceived fly.

澳大利亚的萤火虫洞穴

在地下，洞穴探险家可能会发现这些地下空间被一种不太可能的光源照亮。在12月至3月的温暖季节，真菌小昆虫幼虫（更亲切地称为萤火虫）在澳大利亚洞穴的墙壁和天花板上散布斑点。在我们的照片中可以看到，对人类来说，它们无害得令人着迷，为蓝山国家公园等地的洞穴增添了一点超凡脱俗的魅力。但如果你是一只苍蝇或蚊子，小心！萤火虫悬挂着细小的、粘乎乎的丝线，诱捕着飞向星空的有翼昆虫，但事实上是洞穴的天花板，上面覆盖着萤火虫，耐心地等待着一只受骗的苍蝇。

有着丰富石化木材的石化林国家公园，美国亚利桑那州 Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona (© Ian Shive/Tandem Stills + Motion)

Petrified Forest National Park

The burliest lumberjack with the best-oiled chainsaw couldn't slice the massive 'timbers' found in Petrified Forest National Park. So why are these giant stone logs segmented in such symmetrical stumps?

Each of these smooth splits occurred in an instant as the brittle quartz cracked under geologic pressure. But each of those instants was eons in the making. First, 225 million years ago, the trees were buried by torrents of river silt. Then mineral deposits slowly seeped into the trees and replaced the decaying wood. Much later, around 60 million years ago, the entire Colorado Plateau began shifting, generating crushing forces that finally divided the petrified logs.

The fossilized trees, surrounding land, and the many plants and animals that live here have enjoyed protection since December 8, 1906, when President Theodore Roosevelt created Petrified Forest National Monument. It was designated as a national park in 1962, lending still greater protection.

石化森林国家公园

最结实的伐木工人和最好的油锯无法切割石化森林国家公园中发现的巨大“木材”。那么，为什么这些巨石原木被分割成如此对称的树桩呢？

当脆性石英在地质压力下破裂时，每一个光滑的裂缝都会在瞬间发生。但是，每一个瞬间都在酝酿中。首先，2.25亿年前，这些树木被河流淤泥的洪流所掩埋。然后，矿物质慢慢渗入树木，取代了腐烂的木材。很久以后，大约6000万年前，整个科罗拉多高原开始移动，产生了最终分裂石化原木的压碎力。

自1906年12月8日西奥多·罗斯福总统创建石化森林国家纪念碑以来，这里的树木化石、周围的土地和许多动植物一直受到保护。1962年，它被指定为国家公园，提供了更大的保护。

孚日山脉上的国王城堡，法国阿尔萨斯 The Château du Haut-Kœnigsbourg in the Vosges mountains, Alsace, France (© Leonid Andronov/Shutterstock)

Haut-Koenigsbourg Castle

Haut-Koenigsbourg Castle is an old medieval castle left over from the Vosges Mountains in the Alsace region of northeastern France. It has a history of 850 years, and due to its proper preservation, this allows us to see what it looked like back then. Also, you can have an overlook of the city of Alsace from the top of a hill...

The castle was built in the 12th century to monitor the trade routes of silver and wine. It was destroyed in the Thirty Years' War in the 17th century and rebuilt in the early 20th century. Today, it is a popular tourist destination, visited by 500,000 people every year, as a museum displaying medieval weapons and Renaissance frescoes.

上科尼斯堡城堡酒店

上科尼斯堡城堡是法国东北部阿尔萨斯地区沃斯山脉遗留下来的一座古老的中世纪城堡。它有850年的历史，由于它的妥善保存，这使我们能够看到它当时的样子。此外，你可以从山顶俯瞰阿尔萨斯市。。。

这座城堡建于12世纪，用于监控白银和葡萄酒的贸易路线。它在17世纪的30年战争中被摧毁，并在20世纪初重建。今天，它是一个受欢迎的旅游胜地，每年有50万人参观，是一个展示中世纪武器和文艺复兴时期壁画的博物馆。

薄雾中的格拉斯顿伯里托尔，英格兰萨默塞特郡 Glastonbury Tor, Somerset, England (© DEEPOL by plainpicture/Adam Burton)

夜幕下的萨尔察赫河，奥地利萨尔茨堡 Salzburg with Salzach river, Austria (© MacEaton/Alamy)

Salzburg, Austria

If you know of Salzburg, Austria, it's probably because of Mozart and not monsters. But if your holiday wish is to be chased by an unseemly seasonal demon, the narrow, medieval streets of this city are the place to be tonight.

The furry, devil-horned figure of Krampus is a sidekick to Santa Claus in Alpine folklore. This mean and mischievous bogeyman travels with Saint Nick, whipping naughty kids with sticks while Santa showers the good ones with toys. Too cheery for you? In other versions of the legend, Krampus eats the little misbehavers up or drags them to hell. And you thought a lump of coal was harsh.

Though the roots of Krampus festivities stretch back to ancient times, Austrian officials tried to stamp out the yuletide demon in the mid-20th century. But like an undead fiend, Krampus has resurged in popularity in the last decade or so, his legend spreading around the world. He's been the subject of several (mostly low-budget) horror movies in the US alone, and central Europe has seen revived Krampus-themed festivities like Salzburg's 'Krampus run.' Typically held December 5, this raucous event sees costumed Krampuses and other grotesque ghouls chase revelers through the old city.

奥地利萨尔茨堡

如果你知道奥地利萨尔茨堡，那可能是因为莫扎特而不是怪物。但是，如果你的假日愿望是被一个不体面的季节性恶魔追逐，那么这个城市狭窄的中世纪街道就是今晚的理想之地。

在阿尔卑斯山的民间传说中，长着毛茸茸的魔鬼角的克兰普斯是圣诞老人的伙伴。这个卑鄙淘气的妖怪和圣尼克一起旅行，用棍子鞭打顽皮的孩子，而圣诞老人则用玩具给好孩子洗澡。你太高兴了？在传说的其他版本中，克兰普斯吃掉了这些小捣蛋鬼，或者把他们拖进地狱。你觉得一块煤块很粗糙。

尽管克兰普斯节的起源可以追溯到远古时代，但奥地利官员在20世纪中叶试图消灭圣诞节恶魔。但是，像一个不死恶魔一样，克兰普斯在过去十年左右的时间里重新流行起来，他的传奇传遍了全世界。仅在美国，他就成了几部（大部分是低成本的）恐怖电影的主角，中欧地区也出现了类似萨尔茨堡的“克拉姆普斯奔跑”这样的以克拉姆普斯为主题的庆祝活动。通常在12月5日举行的这场喧闹的活动中，身着盛装的克拉姆普斯和其他怪诞的食尸鬼在老城追逐狂欢者。

披着一层霜花的秋叶 Autumn leaves coated with frost (© sagarmanis/Getty Images)

Frost on autumn leaves

You can almost hear the sound of autumn leaves coated in frost as they crunch under your shoes on a walk through the woods. Though the calendar says it's still autumn, scenes like this highlight the colder temperatures as winter arrives in the Northern Hemisphere.

Radiation frost—the type seen in this lovely photo—is a quick transformation of water vapor to ice. When water vapor in the air comes into contact with surfaces that are at or below the freezing point, the vapor quickly crystalizes into frost. It can make for charming scenery, or a reminder that you should have worn a heavier jacket.

秋叶霜

在树林里散步时，你几乎可以听到被霜冻覆盖的秋叶在你的鞋下嘎吱作响的声音。虽然日历上说现在仍然是秋天，但像这样的场景突出了北半球冬天来临时的寒冷温度。

在这张可爱的照片中看到的辐射霜类型是水蒸气迅速转变为冰。当空气中的水蒸气与冰点或冰点以下的表面接触时，水蒸气迅速结晶成霜。它可以创造迷人的风景，或者提醒你应该穿一件更厚的夹克。

迪纳利国家公园里的白大角羊，阿拉斯加 Dall sheep rams at Polychrome Pass, Denali National Park, Alaska (© Patrick J. Endres/Getty Images)

Denali National Park

Someone ought to tell these Dall sheep they don't blend in here at Polychrome Pass. Their white coats may be great camouflage against the Alaskan snows, but the warm tones of this tundra make them stick out a bit. And they aren't the only thing sticking out in this national park: It's home to the tallest mountain in North America.

Denali National Park and Preserve encompasses not only its namesake peak but more than 6 million acres of parkland like Polychrome Pass. And even this massive park is part of something bigger: The federal Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act, established on December 2, 1980, protected almost a quarter-million square miles of wilderness all over Alaska. As of today, 65% of the state consists of public lands.

德纳利国家公园

应该有人告诉这些达尔羊，他们不在多色山口混在这里。他们的白色外套可能是抵御阿拉斯加大雪的绝佳伪装，但这片冻土带温暖的色调让他们显得有些突出。它们不是这个国家公园里唯一突出的东西：它是北美最高山峰的所在地。

德纳利国家公园和保护区不仅包括其同名的山峰，还包括超过600万英亩的公园，如多色山口。甚至这个巨大的公园也是更大的东西的一部分：1980年12月2日制定的《联邦阿拉斯加国家利益土地保护法》保护了阿拉斯加全境近25万平方英里的荒野。截至今天，该州65%的土地为公共土地。

Antarctica Day

At just over 600 miles from the tip of South America, Cuverville Island is closer to civilization than most of Antarctica. As such, this small isle off the northward-jutting Antarctic Peninsula is a hotspot for tourists to catch some cool scenery (while freezing their butts off, of course). Visitors can also chill on the rocky beach with the locals: a glut of gentoo penguins whose rookery here is the largest along the peninsula.

Today we're observing Antarctica Day, which commemorates the signing of the Antarctic Treaty on December 1, 1959. In the treaty, 12 of the world's most powerful nations agreed to dedicate Earth's southernmost continent to science—any military activity there was banned. It was the first arms control agreement established during the Cold War. It still stands 62 years later as an important landmark in global relations and has expanded to include 54 countries.

南极日

库弗维尔岛距离南美洲尖端仅600多英里，比南极洲大部分地区更接近文明。因此，这座位于南极半岛北部的小岛是游客们欣赏凉爽风景的热点（当然，他们的屁股也会被冻掉）。游客还可以和当地人一起在岩石海滩上乘凉：这里有大量的gentoo企鹅，它们的鸟巢是半岛上最大的。

今天我们庆祝南极日，纪念1959年12月1日南极条约的签署。在该条约中，世界上12个最强大的国家同意将地球最南端的大陆用于科学研究，禁止任何军事活动。这是冷战期间达成的第一项军备控制协议。62年后，它仍然是全球关系中的一个重要里程碑，并已扩大到包括54个国家。

Rainbow Mountain

Even to the huge bummer that is glacial melting, there are bright sides: The radiant colors of Vinicunca (aka Rainbow Mountain) might have gone unseen had rising temps not melted the peak's glacial caps. Rainbow Mountain's streaky sediment layers, multicolored like a wildflower bloom, were revealed in 2015. Since then, it's become the most visited natural attraction in Peru's lofty Cusco region.

彩虹山

即使对于冰川融化这一巨大的麻烦来说，也有光明的一面：如果上升的气温没有融化山顶的冰盖，维尼库卡（又名彩虹山）的灿烂色彩可能已经看不见了。彩虹山的条纹状沉积物层，五颜六色，像野花盛开，于2015年被发现。从那时起，它成为秘鲁高耸的库斯科地区游客最多的自然景点。

索巴尼亚国家公园上方耸立的百年桥, 巴拿马 Centennial Bridge towering above Soberanía National Park, Panama (© David Tipling/Universal Images Group via Getty Images)

Centennial Bridge

What do you get when you cross historic feats of engineering with unmatched natural beauty? This photo of a suspension bridge in a rainforest. Or more specifically: Panama, where the photo was taken.

Panama celebrates its Independence Day today—although on this strategic, ocean-straddling strip of land, independence is complicated. When Panama broke loose from Spain on this day in 1821, it became part of Colombia until, backed by the US, it seceded in November 1903 just before the Panama Canal was built. (The Centennial Bridge over the canal, shown here, was finished in 2003 to commemorate 100 years since that event.) The US spearheaded building the international waterway, and controlled it until December 31, 1999, when Panamanians finally assumed full command of the canal, one of Panama's chief sources of revenue.

百年桥

当你将历史性的工程壮举与无与伦比的自然美景相结合时，你会得到什么？这张照片是雨林中的一座吊桥。或者更具体地说：照片拍摄地巴拿马。

巴拿马今天庆祝其独立日，尽管在这片战略上横跨海洋的狭长土地上，独立是复杂的。1821年的今天，巴拿马脱离西班牙，成为哥伦比亚的一部分，直到1903年11月，在美国的支持下，巴拿马运河建成之前脱离了哥伦比亚。（图中所示的运河百年纪念桥于2003年完工，以纪念该事件发生100周年。）美国率先修建了国际水道，并控制了该水道，直到1999年12月31日，巴拿马人最终全面控制了运河，这是巴拿马的主要收入来源之一。

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