分类 必应美图 下的文章

镶嵌在巨石之间的石屋，葡萄牙 Casa do Penedo (House of the Rock) in Portugal (© Olimpio Fantuz/eStock Photo)

Yabba-Dabba-Doo!

This rock-solid house in the Fafe mountains of northwest Portugal looks like it could be the home of a modern Stone Age family. Known locally as Casa do Penedo (House of the Rock), its prehistoric appearance has drawn comparisons to the Flintstones' dwelling from the fictional town of Bedrock. But the secluded stone structure on our homepage is very much real—it was built as a rural retreat in the Portuguese countryside in the 1970s. The building is sandwiched between four boulders that serve as the foundation, walls, and ceiling of the house, blending in as part of the beautiful natural landscape.

It may appear small on the outside, but inside there are two floors, comprising a kitchen, living room, bathroom, and bedrooms—just enough space for a family and their pet dinosaur. Many of the rustic fittings, including furniture, stairs, and handrails, are made of logs. There's no electricity, but there is a stone fireplace and even a small outdoor swimming pool carved out of one of the rocks. The quirkiness of the building has attracted plenty of curious visitors over the years, leaving the owners between a rock and a hard place. Due to an influx of tourists, Casa do Penedo can no longer be used as a peaceful getaway and has even been equipped with bulletproof windows and a steel door to fend off vandals. Today it functions as a small museum with relics and photographs from the house's history.

雅巴达巴嘟嘟！

这座位于葡萄牙西北部法夫山脉的坚固岩石房子看起来像是一个现代石器时代家庭的家。它的史前外观在当地被称为“岩石之屋”（Casa do Penedo），与虚构的基岩镇上的弗林茨通家的住宅相比，它的史前外观更具吸引力。但我们主页上的隐蔽的石头结构非常真实，它是1970年代在葡萄牙农村作为一个乡村休养地建造的。该建筑被夹在四块巨石之间，作为房屋的基础、墙壁和天花板，融入了美丽自然景观的一部分。

它外表看起来可能很小，但里面有两层，包括厨房、客厅、浴室和卧室，刚好足够一个家庭和他们的宠物恐龙居住。包括家具、楼梯和扶手在内的许多乡村配件都是由原木制成的。这里没有电，但有一个石制壁炉，甚至还有一个由岩石雕刻而成的小型室外游泳池。多年来，这座建筑的奇特之处吸引了大量好奇的游客，让业主们进退两难。由于大量游客涌入，佩内多之家不再能作为一个和平的避风港，甚至还配备了防弹窗和钢门来抵御破坏公物者。今天，它作为一个小型博物馆，收藏着这座房子历史上的文物和照片。

美国大峡谷北缘的天使之窗，亚利桑那州 Peekaboo view of Angels Window on the North Rim of the Grand Canyon, Arizona (© Tim Fitzharris/Minden Pictures)

Happy anniversary to the National Park Service!

On the National Park Service's Founders Day, we're here on the North Rim of Grand Canyon National Park in Arizona peering out at the stunning vista. Can you see the rectangular hole in the canyon wall near the top of the image? That's Angels Window. Brave hikers can make their way up to the trail above it, but the window itself is best viewed from various points along the North Rim. Far down below is the Colorado River. Beginning about 6 million years ago, it gradually carved downward through countless layers of sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic rock. The Colorado and its tributary streams continue to deepen and widen the Grand Canyon even today.

The first national park, not only in the US, but also in the world, was Yellowstone, which was designated as a park in 1872. It was followed by Sequoia, Yosemite, and Mt. Rainier. While the Grand Canyon seems like an obvious choice for a national park, land and mining moguls kept it from becoming protected as a park for years. It finally became a national park in 1919, three years after the National Park Service was created on August 25, 1916. Each year on August 25, Founders Day is celebrated in all the national parks, where entrance fees are waived in honor of the occasion.

祝国家公园管理局周年快乐！

在国家公园管理局的创始人日，我们来到亚利桑那州大峡谷国家公园的北缘，眺望着令人惊叹的美景。你能看到图片顶部附近峡谷壁上的矩形洞吗？那是天使的窗户。勇敢的徒步旅行者可以爬上它上面的小径，但是从北边的各个点上看窗户本身是最好的。下面远处是科罗拉多河。从大约600万年前开始，它逐渐向下切割无数层沉积岩、火成岩和变质岩。即使在今天，科罗拉多河及其支流仍在继续加深和加宽大峡谷。

不仅在美国，而且在世界上，第一个国家公园是黄石公园，它于1872年被指定为公园。随后是红杉、约塞米蒂和雷尼尔山。虽然大峡谷似乎是国家公园的一个明显选择，但土地和矿业巨头多年来一直没有将其作为公园加以保护。1919年，在1916年8月25日国家公园管理局成立三年后，它最终成为了国家公园。每年8月25日，所有国家公园都庆祝创始人日，为纪念这一天免收入场费。

奥林匹克海岸国家海洋保护区的海岸线，美国华盛顿州 The shoreline of Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary, Washington state (© Chris Moore/Tandem Stills + Motion)

A wild, craggy corner of the United States

The sun is setting here on the west coast of Washington state's rugged Olympic Peninsula, where more than 3,000 square miles of marine waters are protected as part of the Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary. Wondering where exactly we are? Look at a map of the United States and draw your finger up the west coast until it ends where the Strait of Juan de Fuca meets the Pacific Ocean. Those final 135 miles of shoreline form the landward boundary of the sanctuary, which also extends seaward 25 to 50 miles.

This area attracts more than 3 million visitors a year. Many come to catch glimpses of the 29 species of marine mammals that reside in or migrate through this area, like humpback, gray, and orca whales, plus seals, sea lions, and sea otters. Salmon and halibut thrive here, as do any number of seabirds that make their nests in the craggy rock walls, seagrass, and treetops. At low tide, visitors explore tidepools teeming with life. This sanctuary is more than ecological resource, it's also home to vibrant Native American tribes. The Makah, Quileute, Hoh, and Quinault have been here for centuries, long before the first English sea captains spotted the coast and gave it its current name.

美国的一个荒凉、崎岖的角落

太阳落在华盛顿州崎岖不平的奥林匹克半岛西海岸，这里有3000多平方英里的海洋水域作为奥林匹克海岸国家海洋保护区的一部分受到保护。想知道我们到底在哪里？看一张美国地图，把手指指向西海岸，直到胡安·德富卡海峡与太平洋交汇处为止。最后135英里的海岸线形成了保护区的陆地边界，也向海延伸了25到50英里。

这个地区每年吸引300多万游客。许多人来这里是为了瞥见居住在该地区或迁徙经过该地区的29种海洋哺乳动物，如座头鲸、灰鲸和虎鲸，以及海豹、海狮和海獭。鲑鱼和大比目鱼在这里繁衍生息，许多海鸟也在峭壁、海草和树梢筑巢。在退潮时，游客们探索充满生命的潮滩。这个保护区不仅仅是生态资源，它还是充满活力的美洲土著部落的家园。早在第一批英国船长发现海岸并给它起了现在的名字之前，Makah、Quileute、Hoh和Quinault就已经在这里生活了几个世纪。

港边的小米努灯塔，法国布雷斯特 Petit Minou Lighthouse in the roadstead of Brest, Finistère, France (© Mathieu Rivrin/Getty Images)

Ambassadors of the airwaves

Today we're visiting the Petit Minou Lighthouse on the coast of northwest France to mark the relationship between lighthouses and the 20th-century technology of amateur radio, commonly known as 'ham' radio. The International Lighthouse and Lightship Weekend (ILLW) is an event set up every August by a group of amateur radio operators from nearly 100 countries. Events for this ILLW weekend are organized online with individual events held at various lighthouses around the world, where 'ham' radio operators gather to broadcast and engage with fellow enthusiasts. The aim of these gatherings is to not only foster goodwill for ham radio around the world, but also to promote awareness of lighthouse preservation and restoration, and to honor the legacy these solitary structures have had on our collective maritime heritage.

广播大使

今天，我们将参观位于法国西北部海岸的小米诺灯塔，以纪念灯塔与20世纪业余无线电技术（俗称“业余无线电”）之间的关系。国际灯塔和灯船周末（ILLW）是每年8月由来自近100个国家的业余无线电操作员组织的活动。本ILLW周末的活动在网上组织，在世界各地的灯塔举办个人活动，“火腿”电台运营商聚集在那里，与其他爱好者一起广播和参与。这些集会的目的不仅是为了在全世界培养对哈姆广播电台的善意，而且也是为了提高人们对灯塔保护和修复的认识，并纪念这些孤零零的建筑在我们的集体海洋遗产中留下的遗产。

位于阿曼和迪拜酋长国边界的鲁卜哈利沙漠 Rub' al Khali desert on the border of Oman and the Emirate of Dubai (© Daniel Schoenen/Offset by Shutterstock)

Signs of life in the 'Empty Quarter'

An unlikely tree stands amid the seemingly endless dunes of the Rub' al Khali desert in the Arabian Peninsula. The Rub' al Khali, meaning the 'Empty Quarter,' is a vast sea of sand. Spreading across 250,000 square miles, it's the largest contiguous sand desert in the world, covering most of southeastern Saudi Arabia, with smaller portions in Yemen, Oman, and the United Arab Emirates. One of the driest places on Earth, almost no one lives in Rub' al Khali, and much of the desert remains unexplored. Some of the dunes tower more than 800 feet, and the depressions in between—called sabkhas—can be so soft that vehicles, camels, and people can easily become stuck.

The Rub' al Khali wasn't always so forbiddingly dry. At various times between 2,000 and 6,000 years ago, 'cataclysmic rainfall,' like modern-day monsoons, formed shallow lakes in the spaces between the dunes. Most of these lakes were temporary, but some lasted hundreds of years and supported a variety of plants and animals, even large creatures like hippopotamuses, water buffalo, and long-horned cattle. Rain isn't unheard of today, either. In May 2018, Cyclone Mekunu brought enough rain to once again form lakes in the Rub' al Khali, reportedly the first time that had happened in about 20 years—it was the rare occasion when the 'Empty Quarter' wasn't looking so empty after all.

“空旷地区”的生命迹象

阿拉伯半岛的鲁布阿勒哈利沙漠看似无边无际的沙丘中矗立着一棵不太可能的树。“鲁布”阿勒哈利，意思是“空区”，是一片广阔的沙海。它横跨250000平方英里，是世界上最大的连片沙漠，覆盖沙特阿拉伯东南部大部分地区，也门、阿曼和阿拉伯联合酋长国的面积较小。作为地球上最干燥的地方之一，鲁巴勒哈利几乎无人居住，而大部分沙漠仍未被勘探。有些沙丘高达800英尺以上，中间的洼地称为沙布喀，非常柔软，车辆、骆驼和人很容易被卡住。

阿勒哈利河并不总是那么干燥。在2000年至6000年前的不同时期，“灾难性降雨”就像现代季风一样，在沙丘之间形成了浅湖。这些湖泊大多是临时性的，但也有一些持续了数百年，供养着各种动植物，甚至还有河马、水牛和长角牛等大型动物。今天下雨也并非闻所未闻。2018年5月，梅库努气旋带来了足够的雨水，再次在鲁布阿勒哈利形成湖泊，据报道这是大约20年来首次发生，这是罕见的“空旷区”看起来不再那么空旷的情况。

杜布罗夫尼克老城，克罗地亚 The Old Town of Dubrovnik, Croatia (© Jeremy Woodhouse/Getty Images)

Wanderin' Wawayanda

Preserving more than 35,000 acres of prime New Jersey highland wilderness, Wawayanda State Park brushes up against the state's border with New York. The park's name come from a transliteration of the Lenape Indigenous people's word for the area, said to mean 'winding water' or 'water on the mountain.' A lake and a mountain within the park are also called Wawayanda—perhaps because it's so fun to say?

In addition to the various rivers and creeks here, the park is home to 11 miles of trails, many of them covered with wooden planks. The trail in this photo is an out-and-back hike that takes visitors up to a lookout point on Wawayanda Mountain, where stunning views inspired the trail's name: Stairway to Heaven. (And now you have the Led Zeppelin song stuck in your head. You're welcome?)

漫步瓦瓦扬达

Wawayanda州立公园保护着超过35000英亩的新泽西高地荒野，与纽约州接壤。公园的名字来源于Lenape土著人对该地区的音译，据说意思是“蜿蜒的水”或“山上的水”。公园内的一个湖和一座山也被称为Wawayanda，也许是因为说起来很有趣吧？

除了这里的各种河流和小溪外，公园还有11英里长的小径，其中许多都覆盖着木板。这张照片中的小道是一次来回的徒步旅行，游客可以到达瓦瓦扬达山上的了望点，那里的美景激发了小道的名字：通往天堂的阶梯(现在，你的脑海中萦绕着齐柏林飞艇乐队的歌曲。不客气？）

天堂之路，新泽西州瓦瓦安达州立公园 Stairway to Heaven trail in Wawayanda State Park, New Jersey (© Leembe/Getty Images)

Wanderin' Wawayanda

Preserving more than 35,000 acres of prime New Jersey highland wilderness, Wawayanda State Park brushes up against the state's border with New York. The park's name come from a transliteration of the Lenape Indigenous people's word for the area, said to mean 'winding water' or 'water on the mountain.' A lake and a mountain within the park are also called Wawayanda—perhaps because it's so fun to say?

In addition to the various rivers and creeks here, the park is home to 11 miles of trails, many of them covered with wooden planks. The trail in this photo is an out-and-back hike that takes visitors up to a lookout point on Wawayanda Mountain, where stunning views inspired the trail's name: Stairway to Heaven. (And now you have the Led Zeppelin song stuck in your head. You're welcome?)

漫步瓦瓦扬达

Wawayanda州立公园保护着超过35000英亩的新泽西高地荒野，与纽约州接壤。公园的名字来源于Lenape土著人对该地区的音译，据说意思是“蜿蜒的水”或“山上的水”。公园内的一个湖和一座山也被称为Wawayanda，也许是因为说起来很有趣吧？

除了这里的各种河流和小溪外，公园还有11英里长的小径，其中许多都覆盖着木板。这张照片中的小道是一次来回的徒步旅行，游客可以到达瓦瓦扬达山上的了望点，那里的美景激发了小道的名字：通往天堂的阶梯(现在，你的脑海中萦绕着齐柏林飞艇乐队的歌曲。不客气？）

苏黎世湖岸边的室外游泳池，瑞士 Strandbad Tiefenbrunnen, an outdoor public pool on the shore of Lake Zürich, Switzerland (© Amazing Aerial Agency/Offset by Shutterstock)

Swim city

Switzerland may be a landlocked country in the middle of Europe, but with about 6% of Europe's fresh water flowing through its countless rivers and lakes, there are plenty of outdoor swimming spots to cool down in the Swiss summer heat. Today, we're dipping our toes in the pristine waters of Lake Zürich in Switzerland's largest city, which has developed its own urban lido culture. Dotted across Zürich, you'll find lots of lidos (public open-air swimming pools or bathing beaches) that make the most of the city's lakes. This time of year, it's common to see bankers and other workers change from business suits into bathing suits as they enjoy a quick swim during their lunch break.

The lakeside lido in our image is called Strandbad Tiefenbrunnen. There's no sand here, but it does feature a circular boardwalk built over the water that surrounds a shallow pool. Nearby, there's a 200-foot water slide spilling into the lake, diving platforms, and a sprawling lawn for sunbathing and activities including yoga, volleyball, and table tennis. And of course, as we're in Switzerland, you're never far from the mountains—the snow-clad Alps are visible from here on a clear day. Swiss bliss.

游泳城

瑞士可能是欧洲中部的内陆国家，但是欧洲大约6%的淡水流经无数的河流和湖泊，在瑞士的夏季热中有很多户外游泳场所可以降温。今天，我们在瑞士最大城市苏里希湖的原始水域中畅游，苏里希湖已经形成了自己的城市丽都文化。在苏黎世，你会发现许多丽都（公共露天游泳池或浴场）充分利用了城市的湖泊。每年的这个时候，银行家和其他员工在午餐休息时间快速游泳时，通常会从工作服换成泳衣。

在我们的图像中，湖边丽都被称为Strandbad Tiefenbrunnen。这里没有沙子，但有一条环绕浅水池的圆形木板路。附近有一个200英尺高的滑水梯，滑向湖中，有潜水平台，还有一片广阔的草坪，可以进行日光浴和瑜伽、排球和乒乓球等活动。当然，当我们在瑞士时，你永远不会远离群山，在晴朗的日子里，从这里可以看到覆盖着白雪的阿尔卑斯山。瑞士的幸福。

死亡谷国家公园里的优比喜比火山口，加利福尼亚州 Ubehebe Crater in Death Valley National Park, California (© Albert Knapp/Alamy)

When Death Valley blew its top

Deep below Death Valley's charred surface, blazing hot magma once gushed up through a geologic fault until it hit groundwater. The magma quickly turned the water to steam, and like a defective subterranean pressure cooker, the Earth's crust blew its top in a ferocious explosion. The hydrovolcanic eruption sent up a mushroom cloud of steam and spewed burnt volcanic cinders for miles. It also left the giant crater seen in this photo and 12 smaller ones spread across the surface.

The Ubehebe Crater (pronounced you-bee-HEE-bee) is a half-mile across and more than 700 feet deep. Geologically speaking, Ubehebe and the other craters here are quite young. A 2016 study concluded that the craters were all formed in a relatively brief series of explosions—a period of days or weeks—about 2,100 years ago. Another eruption could happen, but visitors need not worry about the ground below their feet—seismometers in the region will alert geologists in advance of any future volcanic unrest. A trail around the rim of the crater offers views of the colorful layers of stone along the walls. Adventurous hikers can descend to the bottom, but it's a long slog back out again, especially on a sweltering summer day.

当死亡谷爆发时

在死亡谷烧焦的地表深处，炽热的岩浆曾经通过地质断层喷涌而出，直到触及地下水。岩浆很快将水变成蒸汽，就像一个有缺陷的地下压力锅，地壳在猛烈的爆炸中炸开了顶部。水火山喷发喷出蘑菇状的蒸汽云，喷出燃烧的火山灰数英里。它还留下了这张照片中看到的巨大陨石坑，12个较小的陨石坑散布在地表。

Ubehebe火山口（发音为you bee HEE bee）宽半英里，深700多英尺。从地质学的角度来说，乌贝赫比和这里的其他陨石坑都很年轻。2016年的一项研究得出结论，这些陨石坑都是在相对短暂的一系列爆炸中形成的——大约2100年前的几天或几周时间。另一次火山喷发可能会发生，但游客不必担心脚下的地面。该地区的地震仪将在未来的火山动荡之前提醒地质学家。沿着火山口边缘的小径可以看到沿着墙壁的彩色石层。喜欢冒险的徒步旅行者可以爬到水底，但要想再次爬出来还需要很长时间，尤其是在炎热的夏天。

华盛顿特区史密森艺术与工业大厦 The Smithsonian Arts and Industries Building in Washington DC (© Ron Blunt/Courtesy Smithsonian)

175th anniversa

In 1846, when Congress authorized an institution 'for the increase and diffusion of knowledge,' no one could have predicted what the Smithsonian Institution would eventually become. Today, on our 175th anniversary, the Smithsonian is the world's largest museum, education, and research complex. And in the decades that I have worked at here—as an educator, curator, museum director, and now as Secretary—I have watched us grow into a vital and vibrant 21st-century institution: conducting groundbreaking research, becoming a national leader in K-12 education, creating new museums that represent the American experience more fully, and equipping our audiences to tackle the world's most pressing challenges.

The Arts and Industries Building (AIB), pictured here, exemplifies our role as both a cultural steward and a hub of innovation. The Smithsonian's second-oldest building, AIB opened in 1881 as the US National Museum. An architectural icon located at the heart of the National Mall, its soaring halls introduced millions of Americans to wonders about to change the world—Edison's lightbulb, the first telephone, Apollo rockets. Since the 19th century, when it hosted early flight experiments and the country's burgeoning natural history collections, AIB has been a place for creativity and invention.

This forward-looking spirit is embodied in FUTURES, the Arts and Industries Building's large-scale, dynamic exhibition opening in November 2021. Focusing on interactive discovery and collaboration, the exhibition will feature art installations, technology debuts, interactive experiences, and ideas that preview humanity's next chapter. (This entry was written by Lonnie G. Bunch III, secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.)

175周年纪念

1846年，当国会授权一个机构“增加和传播知识”时，没有人能够预测史密森学会最终会变成什么样子。今天，在我们175周年之际，史密森学会是世界上最大的博物馆、教育和研究中心。在我担任教育家、馆长、博物馆馆长的几十年里，现在作为秘书，我目睹了我们成长为一个充满活力的21世纪机构：开展开创性的研究，成为K-12教育的国家领导者，创建更充分代表美国经验的新博物馆，让我们的观众能够应对世界上最紧迫的挑战。

如图所示，艺术与工业大厦（AIB）体现了我们作为文化管理者和创新中心的角色。史密森学会第二古老的建筑，AIB于1881年作为美国国家博物馆开放。作为位于国家广场中心的建筑标志，其高耸的大厅让数百万美国人看到了即将改变世界的奇迹——爱迪生的灯泡、第一部电话、阿波罗火箭。自19世纪早期飞行实验和该国新兴的自然历史收藏开始，AIB就一直是一个创造力和发明的地方。

这种前瞻性的精神体现在2021年11月艺术与工业大厦（art and Industries Building）的大型、充满活力的展览开幕式上。该展览将以互动发现和协作为重点，展示艺术装置、技术首次亮相、互动体验和思想，预展人类的下一篇章(这篇文章是朗尼G。布奇三世，史密森学会秘书。）