分类必应美图下的文章

【端午安康】（© Shutterstock）

大弯国家公园中里奥格兰德河的景色，德克萨斯州 View of the Rio Grande River in Big Bend National Park, Texas (© Ian Shive/Tandem Stills + Motion)

In Texas, even the riverbend is big

We're celebrating the 77th birthday of Big Bend National Park, the place the National Park Service calls 'one of the last remaining wild corners of the United States.' To get here, you have to be committed. This rugged terrain, which covers almost a million acres, is one of the most remote spots in the country—it's hours from the nearest towns or the closest airport, making it one of the least-visited national parks in the country. Those who do make the effort to get to Big Bend are rewarded with an undeveloped natural beauty, and silence, two things that seem to be in short supply these days.

At Big Bend you'll find craggy hiking trails, red mountain vistas, limestone canyons, and hot springs alongside the famous Rio Grande. There's also the wildlife you'd expect to find in the Wild, Wild West, including rattlesnakes, packs of javelinas, and 20 species of bats. But it's the huge night sky unencumbered by light pollution that draws stargazers to Big Bend from all over the world. After all, everything, as they say, is bigger in Texas.

在德克萨斯州，连河湾都很大

我们正在庆祝大弯国家公园77岁生日，国家公园管理局称之为“美国仅存的野生角落之一”。要到这里，你必须全力以赴。这片崎岖不平的土地占地近百万英亩，是美国最偏远的地区之一，距离最近的城镇或最近的机场只有几个小时的路程，使它成为美国游客最少的国家公园之一。那些努力到达大弯的人得到的回报是未开发的自然美景和沉默，这两样东西现在似乎供不应求。

在大弯，你会发现崎岖的徒步小径、红色的山景、石灰岩峡谷和著名的格兰德河旁的温泉。在野生的西部，你也会发现野生动物，包括响尾蛇，标枪和20种蝙蝠。但正是没有光污染的巨大夜空吸引着来自世界各地的天文爱好者来到大弯。毕竟，正如他们所说，德克萨斯的一切都更大。

格伦·埃蒂夫盛开着石南花的小湖，苏格兰 Small loch in Glen Etive, Scotland (© Oliver Hellowell/Minden Pictures)

An island in the Highlands

Here in the Scottish Highlands, there's something about the rugged environs of Glen Etive that has tickled the imaginations of both ancient and modern storytellers. A glen is a long, narrow valley and this one is especially beautiful. It has strange footnotes in both Irish and Scottish folklore. The name itself translates to 'little fierce one' and is given in honor of Etive, the Gaelic goddess long associated with nearby Loch Etive.

According to an Irish myth, Glen Etive was founded by the tragic heroine Deirdre and her lover Naoise after they were forced into exile. In Scottish folklore, Glen Etive is said to be the home of a mythical creature called a Fachan--a giant cyclops with one leg, a single tuft of hair, and a lone hand protruding from its chest. Glen Etive has caught the attention of modern storytellers as well, drawn to its history and beautiful scenery. A surprising number of TV shows and major films, like 'Braveheart' and the James Bond installment 'Skyfall,' have shot on location here.

Glen Etive is also one of Scotland's 40 National Scenic Areas, and is a favorite destination for white water kayakers, who journey here to shoot down the series of rapids, falls, and pool drops along the River Etive. Hikers trek the mountain trails around Ben Starav to the southeast and the Glen Coe mountains in the north. Some of these of hikers are known as 'peak baggers,' who make it a game to summit every peak in the region. So far, about 4,000 or so people have completed the entire list of 284 Scottish peaks, or 'munros' as they're known locally.

高地上的一个岛屿

在苏格兰高地，格伦艾蒂夫崎岖的环境激发了古代和现代说书人的想象力。峡谷是一个又长又窄的山谷，这个山谷特别美丽。它在爱尔兰和苏格兰民间传说中都有奇怪的脚注。这个名字本身翻译成“小凶猛的一个”，是为了纪念艾蒂芙，长期以来与附近的艾蒂芙湖联系在一起的盖尔女神。

根据一个爱尔兰神话，格伦·艾蒂夫是由悲剧女主角迪尔德雷和她的情人娜奥伊丝在被迫流亡后建立的。在苏格兰民间传说中，格伦埃蒂夫据说是一种神话生物法坎的家——一只巨大的独眼巨人，一条腿，一簇头发，一只手从胸前伸出。格伦艾蒂夫吸引了现代说书人的注意，也被它的历史和美丽的风景所吸引。很多电视节目和主要电影，如《勇敢的心》和詹姆斯·邦德的《天崩地裂》都在这里拍摄。

格伦艾蒂夫也是苏格兰40个国家级风景区之一，也是白水皮划艇运动员最喜欢的目的地，他们在这里沿着艾蒂夫河击落一系列急流、瀑布和池水。徒步旅行者沿着本斯塔拉夫周围的山路跋涉到东南部和北部的格伦科山脉。其中一些徒步旅行者被称为“峰袋客”，他们把登上该地区的每一座山峰当作游戏。到目前为止，大约有4000人已经完成了284座苏格兰山峰的完整列表，也就是当地人所熟知的“munros”。

2012年5月20日新墨西哥上空的日环食 Annular eclipse over New Mexico, May 20, 2012 (© ssucsy/Getty Images)

Ring of fire

No, this isn't some kind of early promo for 'Halo: Infinite.' Today's homepage image shows an annular solar eclipse captured in New Mexico in 2012. ('Annular' is just a fancy word for doughnut-shaped.) It's not unlike the eclipse some northerly parts of the world will enjoy today.

Annular eclipses like today's occur when the moon is at its apogee, or the furthest distance in its orbit from Earth. Since the moon looks its smallest to us now, it can't fully cover the sun—but the lucky few living in far northern Canada, Scandinavia, and Siberia will have tickets to a one-ring solar circus once everything lines up just right.

火环

不，这不是“光环：无限”的早期宣传。今天的主页图片显示了2012年在新墨西哥州拍摄的一次日环食。（“日环食”只是甜甜圈形状的一个花哨的词。）这和今天世界上一些偏北地区将享受的日食没什么不同。

像今天这样的环食发生在月球的最远点，或者说是其轨道上离地球最远的地方。由于月球现在看起来是最小的，它不能完全遮住太阳，但生活在遥远的加拿大北部、斯堪的纳维亚半岛和西伯利亚的少数幸运儿，一旦一切都安排得恰到好处，就会有单圈太阳马戏团的票。

埃尔瓦什附近的格拉萨圣母堡，葡萄牙 Nossa Senhora da Graça Fort near Elvas, Portugal (© Luis Pina Photography/Shutterstock)

A Portuguese fort takes a star turn

Perched on a strategic hillside, high above the hot, dry plains of eastern Portugal, the Nossa Senhora da Graça Fort has been called a masterpiece of 18th-century military architecture. The thick wall that surrounds the fortress are shaped in a star pattern, with pentagonal bastions jutting out from the curtain wall at the corners. We're looking at one of those bastions in the center of our image.

A stone's throw from the Spanish border, the Nossa Senhora da Graça Fort was built to defend the garrison border town of Elvas. It's a region shaped by war. The Spanish laid siege to the area during the Portuguese Restoration War (1640-1668), but after the Nossa Senhora da Graça Fort was built a century later, the town was never defeated. With its 144 cannons, the fort resisted an attack by another wave of Spanish forces during the 1801 War of the Oranges and 10 years later drove back an invading French army during the Peninsular War.

Eventually the fort became a political prison, which it remained until 1974, when it was abandoned and fell into ruin. But it was restored after 2012, when UNESCO recognized the entire historical center of Elvas—including the Nossa Senhora da Graça Fort, a few other nearby forts, and the 16th-century Amoreira Aqueduct—as a World Heritage Site.

葡萄牙要塞有一个星形转弯

坐落在战略山坡上，高出葡萄牙东部炎热干燥的平原，Nossa Senhora da Graç堡垒被称为18世纪军事建筑的杰作。围绕堡垒的厚墙呈星形，五角形堡垒从墙角的幕墙中伸出。我们看到的是图像中心的一个堡垒。

离西班牙边境只有一箭之遥，Nossa Senhora da Graç一座堡垒是为了保卫守军边境城镇埃尔瓦斯而建的。这是一个战争形成的地区。在葡萄牙复辟战争（1640-1668）期间，西班牙人包围了该地区，但在诺萨塞诺拉大格拉之后ç一个世纪后建了一座堡垒，这个城镇从未被打败。在1801年的橘子战争中，这座拥有144门大炮的堡垒抵抗了西班牙军队的另一波进攻，10年后在半岛战争中击退了入侵的法国军队。

最终，这座堡垒变成了一座政治监狱，一直保留到1974年，当时它被遗弃并陷入废墟。但在2012年联合国教科文组织承认整个埃尔瓦斯历史中心，包括诺萨塞诺拉达格拉之后，它被修复了ç一个堡垒，附近的其他几个堡垒，以及16世纪的阿莫雷拉渡槽作为世界遗产。

加利福尼亚湾中数千条杰克鱼成群游动，墨西哥普尔莫角国家公园 Thousands of jack fish swimming together at Cabo Pulmo National Park, Sea of Cortez, Baja California, Mexico (© Christian Vizl/Tandem Stills + Motion)

A day for our oceans

To celebrate World Oceans Day, we're swimming through a shoal of jack fish just off the coast of Baja, California, in Cabo Pulmo National Park. This Mexican marine park in the Sea of Cortez is home to the northernmost and oldest coral reef on the west coast of North America, estimated to be about 20,000 years old. Jacks are clearly plentiful here, but divers and snorkelers in Cabo Pulmo can also come across many other species of fish and marine mammals, including many varieties of sharks, whales, dolphins, tortoises, and manta rays.

For this year's World Oceans Day, the UN chose the theme 'The Ocean: Life & Livelihoods,' to raise awareness of the nearly 3 billion people worldwide who depend on oceans for their food and way of life. The residents of Cabo Pulmo know a little about this—to help revitalize their previously unprotected and overfished waters, the Mexican government turned Cabo Pulmo into a national park in 1995. But more controversially, they also banned fishing, a big deal in an area where many residents lived off the food they caught by hand. The preservation efforts paid off, though—researchers say the park experienced a 460% increase in the number of fish living in park waters between 1999 and 2009, turning Cabo Pulmo one of the world's most robust marine reserves. Now, many residents who once relied on fishing have been able to move into jobs in ecotourism or other vocations supporting the park.

海洋的一天

为了庆祝世界海洋日，我们正在加利福尼亚州巴哈海岸附近的卡波普尔莫国家公园游泳。这座位于科尔特斯海的墨西哥海洋公园是北美洲西海岸最北、最古老的珊瑚礁的所在地，据估计大约有2万年的历史。杰克在这里显然很丰富，但在卡波普尔莫潜水员和潜水者也可以遇到许多其他种类的鱼类和海洋哺乳动物，包括许多种类的鲨鱼、鲸鱼、海豚、乌龟和蝠鲼。

今年的世界海洋日，联合国选择了“海洋：生命与生计”这一主题，以提高全世界近30亿以海洋为食物和生活方式的人们的认识。卡波普尔莫的居民对此略知一二，为了帮助恢复他们以前未受保护和过度捕捞的水域，墨西哥政府在1995年将卡波普尔莫变成了一个国家公园。但更具争议的是，他们还禁止捕鱼，这在一个许多居民靠手工捕捞的食物为生的地区是一件大事。保护工作取得了成效，不过研究人员说，1999年至2009年间，公园水域的鱼类数量增加了460%，使卡波普尔莫成为世界上最强大的海洋保护区之一。现在，许多曾经依赖捕鱼的居民已经能够从事生态旅游或其他支持公园的职业。

阿罗芒什莱班的桑树港，法国诺曼底 Mulberry Harbour in Arromanches-les-Bains, Normandy, France (© agefotostock/Alamy)

On this shore, history was made

As the sun sets on a beach in Normandy, France, what appear to be working barges and boats offshore are actually the remnants of Mulberry Harbours, temporary portable harbors created by the Allies during World War II. Their story begins 47 years ago today, on D-Day, when the first of the Allied troops touched down on the Nazi-occupied beaches at Normandy. After the Allies successfully held the beachheads, the Mulberries were towed into place so the artificial harbors could provide the port facilities necessary to offload the thousands of men and vehicles, and tons of supplies necessary to sustain the effort to drive the Germans out of France.

Two Mulberry Harbours were built for D-Day. The one known as Mulberry A was constructed off Omaha Beach to aid US forces. Mulberry B was built here, off Gold Beach at Arromanches to supply British and Canadian troops. Mulberry A was destroyed in a storm just a few days after it was built, but Mulberry B was operational for 10 months after the landings, providing crucial infrastructure to the Allied operation. The innovative feat of military engineering enabled the largest seaborne invasion in history, which in turn laid the foundations of the Allied victory on the Western Front.

在这片海岸上，创造了历史

当太阳落在法国诺曼底的一个海滩上时，看似在海上工作的驳船和船只实际上是桑葚港的残余物，桑葚港是二战期间盟军建立的临时便携式港口。他们的故事开始于47年前的今天，也就是诺曼底登陆日，当时盟军的第一支部队在诺曼底登陆了纳粹占领的海滩。盟军成功占领滩头阵地后，桑葚被拖到适当的地方，这样人工港口就可以提供必要的港口设施，卸载成千上万的人和车辆，并提供数吨必要的物资，以维持将德国人赶出法国的努力。

为D日建造了两个桑葚港。这座名为“桑葚A”的建筑是在奥马哈海滩附近建造的，目的是帮助美军。Mulberry B是在阿罗曼奇斯的黄金海滩附近建造的，为英国和加拿大军队提供补给。桑葚A号在建成后几天就在暴风雨中被毁，但桑葚B号在登陆后的10个月内仍在运行，为盟军的行动提供了至关重要的基础设施。军事工程的创新成就促成了历史上最大规模的海上入侵，进而奠定了盟军在西线取得胜利的基础。

La Selva生物站热带雨林树冠上的黑嘴巨嘴鸟，哥斯达黎加 Black-mandibled toucan in the rainforest canopy of La Selva Biological Station in Costa Rica (© Greg Basco/Minden Pictures)

Bird's-eye view on World Environment Day

For World Environment Day today we're in northeastern Costa Rica, a nature lover's paradise. The UN established World Environment Day in 1974 to encourage awareness and action for the protection of the environment. It begins with research, which is exactly what happens in this pristine corner of the planet. The misty canopy of forest pictured here is part of La Selva Biological Station, an internationally renowned center for tropical forest research that's associated with universities and research institutions from the United States, Costa Rica, and Puerto Rico.

The scientists chose a prime location to conduct their studies. Covering nearly 4,000 acres, this is one of the most biologically diverse ecosystems in the world. Researchers and students here at La Selva Biological Station can study at least 2,000 species of plants, 125 species of mammals, 87 species of reptiles and tens of thousands of insects, arachnids, and other arthropods. And don't forget the 470 species of birds. Can you spot the black-mandibled toucan in our image?

世界环境日鸟瞰

今天是世界环境日，我们来到哥斯达黎加东北部，一个热爱自然的天堂。联合国在1974年设立了世界环境日，以鼓励保护环境的意识和行动。它从研究开始，这正是发生在地球这个原始角落的事情。这张薄雾密布的林冠照片是La Selva生物站的一部分，这是一个国际知名的热带森林研究中心，与美国、哥斯达黎加和波多黎各的大学和研究机构有联系。

科学家们选择了一个绝佳的地点进行研究。占地近4000英亩，是世界上生物多样性最强的生态系统之一。拉塞尔瓦生物站的研究人员和学生可以研究至少2000种植物、125种哺乳动物、87种爬行动物和数以万计的昆虫、蛛形纲动物和其他节肢动物。别忘了470种鸟类。你能在我们的照片中认出黑色下颚巨嘴鸟吗？

Against all odds

Whether you've been there or not, you will no doubt recognize the famous Dune of Pilat, stretching all the way across our image today. Located in the Gironde, at the entrance to the Arcachon basin, near the town of La Teste de Buche, the one known as the white lady has almost perfect measurements. At 106 meters high, 2.7 kilometers long, and 60 million cubic meters of sand, the Dune of Pilat is the highest dune in Europe. Belonging to the coastal dunes of Aquitaine, the Dune of Pilat is to date the only one of this system still in motion; each year, it moves 1 to 5 meters east, driven by winds and tides, gradually covering the adjoining maritime pine forest.

不择手段

无论你是否去过那里，你都会毫无疑问地认出著名的比拉特沙丘，它一直延伸到我们今天的形象。坐落在吉伦德，在阿卡松盆地的入口处，靠近拉斯特德布赫镇，一个被称为白女士有几乎完美的测量。皮拉特沙丘高106米，长2.7公里，沙量6000万立方米，是欧洲最高的沙丘。皮拉特沙丘属于阿基坦海岸沙丘，是迄今为止该系统中唯一仍在运动的沙丘；每年，它在风和潮汐的推动下向东移动1至5米，逐渐覆盖邻近的海洋松林。

斯洛文尼亚索奇河上的木制吊桥上骑自行车的人的鸟瞰图 Aerial view of cyclists on a wooden suspension bridge over the river Soča in Slovenia (© Amazing Aerial Agency/Offset by Shutterstock)

Get on your bike and ride

In honor of the UN's World Bicycle Day, we're at Triglav National Park in Slovenia, with a birds-eye view of riders crossing this dubious-looking wooden suspension bridge over the glacial blue water of the river called Soča. Protecting some of the most magnificent mountain landscapes of the Julian Alps, Triglav is the country's only national park, but it's a stunner. Running along Slovenia's northwestern border with Italy, Triglav was first protected as a 'conservation park' in 1924, then made a national park in 1981. The park gets its name from the mountain at its heart, Triglav, long considered a symbol of Slovenia and of Slovene identity.

Since 2018, the UN General Assembly has recognized June 3 as World Bicycle Day to honor 'the uniqueness, longevity, and versatility of the bicycle, which has been in use for two centuries.' The bicycle has gone through many iterations since Karl Drais created the brake-less, pedal-less bike forerunner called a 'velocipede' in 1817. The German inventor would likely be floored by today's variety of bike options, from new lightweight road bikes to heavier mountain bikes with fatter, knobby tires designed to handle rougher terrain. More than 200 years after von Drais introduced his two-wheeled contraption, bicycles remain as popular as ever. Chances are there's one just waiting for you to take it for a spin, and what better day to do so than World Bicycle Day?

骑上你的自行车

为了纪念联合国的世界自行车日，我们来到了斯洛文尼亚的特里格拉夫国家公园，鸟瞰着骑手们穿过这座看起来可疑的木制吊桥，桥上是一条蓝色的冰川河，这条河被称为Soča。特里格拉夫保护着朱利安阿尔卑斯山上一些最壮丽的山景，是这个国家唯一的国家公园，但它是一个惊人的奇迹。特里格拉夫位于斯洛文尼亚西北部与意大利交界处，1924年首次作为“保护公园”受到保护，1981年被列为国家公园。该公园的名字来源于其核心山脉特里格拉夫，长期以来被认为是斯洛文尼亚和斯洛文尼亚人身份的象征。

自2018年以来，联合国大会将6月3日定为世界自行车日，以纪念自行车的独特性、长寿性和多功能性，这种自行车已经使用了两个世纪。自从卡尔·德赖斯发明了无刹车自行车以来，自行车经历了多次迭代，1817年被称为“velocipede”的无踏板自行车的先驱。这位德国发明家很可能会被今天各种各样的自行车选择所打倒，从新的轻型公路自行车到更重的山地自行车，这些自行车的轮胎设计得更胖、多节，以适应更崎岖的地形。在冯·德赖斯发明了他的双轮装置200多年后，自行车仍然像以前一样流行。很有可能有一天你正等着去兜风呢，还有什么日子比世界自行车日更好呢？

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