标签加利福尼亚下的文章

莫诺湖的石灰华地层，加利福尼亚州，美国 Tufa formations on Mono Lake, California (© Susanna Patras/TANDEM Stills + Motion)

石灰华塔的崛起 The rise of tufa

加州莫诺湖上石灰岩的形成

在时间的缓慢流逝下，凝灰岩——一种多孔石灰岩，成为大自然中最壮观的地貌之一。虽然这些塔在许多地方都能找到，但今天的图片展示的是加利福尼亚州莫诺县的莫诺湖。当富含钙质的淡水从几条小溪流入湖中，与湖中的碱性水混合后，就形成了这些结构。几个世纪以来，这种相互作用导致碳酸钙堆积，在湖面上形成了石灰华塔。为了保护这些塔，加利福尼亚州议会于1981年建立了莫诺湖图法国家自然保护区。

莫诺湖是一个迷人的沙漠湖泊，湖水呈弱碱性，没有天然出口。这里的生态系统欣欣向荣，生活着数十亿只盐水虾和碱蝇。这些小生物是加利福尼亚海鸥和黑颈䴙䴘等各种候鸟必不可少的零嘴。太平洋航道是鸟类从阿拉斯加一直飞往巴塔哥尼亚的主要迁徙路线，而莫诺湖作为食物供应地，是航道上一个极为重要的中转站。

Tufa formations in Mono Lake, California

Shaped by the slow passage of time, tufa—a type of porous limestone—emerges as one of nature's most spectacular formations. While these towers can be found in many places, today's image shows some at Mono Lake in Mono County, California. These structures develop when calcium-rich fresh water, percolating up through springs and vents, mixes with carbonate in the lake. Over centuries, this interaction caused calcium carbonate to build up, forming tufa spires above the lake's surface. To preserve the tufa towers, the Mono Lake Tufa State Natural Reserve was established in 1981.

Mono Lake is a fascinating desert lake with hypersaline and alkaline waters and no natural outlet. It supports a thriving ecosystem teeming with billions of brine shrimp and alkali flies. These tiny creatures are essential snacks for a variety of migratory birds, like California gulls and eared grebes. As a food source, Mono Lake is a critical pit stop along the Pacific Flyway, a major migration route for birds journeying from Alaska all the way south to Patagonia.

州立公园，索诺玛海岸，美国加利福尼亚州 Sonoma Coast State Park, California (© Rachid Dahnoun/Tandem Stills + Motion)

潮汐与暮色 Tides and twilight

索诺玛海岸州立公园，加利福尼亚州

索诺玛海岸州立公园拥有风景如画的沙滩、天然拱门和幽静的海湾。该公园建于1934年，涵盖了詹纳湾和博德加湾之间17英里的北加州海岸线。野生动物爱好者可以在这里看到海豹、海狮、鲸鱼以及各种鸟类，比如鹀鸟、莺、雀、麻雀和黄鹂。历史爱好者可以探索海蚀柱形成的痕迹，这些痕迹据说是四万年前在该地区游荡的猛犸象留下的。公园内还有一些历史遗迹，比如19世纪初俄罗斯人在博德加湾建造的堡垒。公园附近的罗斯堡是由俄美公司于1812年建立的。这个定居点标志着俄罗斯殖民在北美最南端的扩张。该要塞主要作为毛皮贸易的枢纽，专注于在太平洋沿岸捕猎海獭。到19世纪30年代中期，毛皮贸易逐渐衰落，1841年，这座堡垒被卖给了美国企业家约翰·萨特。

Sonoma Coast State Park, California

Sonoma Coast State Park offers a picturesque retreat with its sandy beaches, natural arches, and secluded coves. Established in 1934, the park encompasses 17 miles of Northern California coastline between Jenner and Bodega Bay. Wildlife enthusiasts can spot seals, sea lions, whales, and a variety of birds like towhees, warblers, finches, sparrows, and orioles. History buffs will enjoy exploring the sea stack formation with rubbing marks believed to have been made by mammoths that roamed the area 40,000 years ago. The park is also home to historical sites like Bodega Head, where Russians built a fort in the early 1800s.

Fort Ross, near the park, was established in 1812 by the Russian-American Company. This settlement marked the southernmost expansion of Russian colonization in North America. The fort primarily served as a hub for the fur trade, focusing on hunting sea otters along the Pacific coast. By the mid-1830s, the fur trade had declined, and in 1841, the fort was sold to John Sutter, an American entrepreneur.

巨型海藻森林中的加州海狮，下加利福尼亚，墨西哥 California sea lion in a forest of giant kelp, Baja California, Mexico (© Claudio Contreras/Minden Pictures)

海中的“狮子王” The lion king of the sea

海藻森林中的海狮，下加利福尼亚，墨西哥

从哥斯达黎加到阿拉斯加，漫步在这些城市的任何一座码头上，你都可能听到海狮嬉闹的叫声在空气中回荡。加州海狮（如图所示）经常在北美西海岸的岩石海岸边上晒太阳。这些海洋哺乳动物属于鳍足动物，经常被误认为是海豹。有一个简单的方法可以区分这两种动物：看它们的耳朵，海狮有明显的耳朵皮瓣，而海豹没有。

海狮与巨型海藻还有着独特的关系，今天的图片拍摄于墨西哥的下加利福尼亚，图中那些长长的水下植物在理想条件下可以长到175英尺，它们随着水流轻轻摇曳，形成一道美丽的风景。海藻森林是各种海洋生物的家园，如海狮和小型无脊椎动物，海蜗牛、对虾和水母等，还有多种鱼类也生活在其中，如鳕鱼，石斑鱼和濑鱼等。厚厚的海藻在水中摆动，海狮穿梭其间，捕食藏在叶子里的鱼儿。另一方面，海狮也会反过来把海藻当成庇护所，利用海藻来躲避鲨鱼等掠食者。它们藏在褐藻的叶子间，与周围的环境融为一体，迷惑敌人的眼睛。海藻生长迅速，是各种海洋生物繁衍生息的理想栖息地。

Sea lion in a kelp forest, Baja California, Mexico

Take a stroll along almost any marina from Costa Rica to Alaska, and you'll likely hear the playful barks of sea lions echo through the air. California sea lions, like the one pictured, are a common sight basking in the sun along the rocky shores of North America's western coast. These marine mammals, belonging to the pinniped group, are often mistaken for seals. An easy way to distinguish between them is by looking at their ears—sea lions have visible flaps, seals don't.
Sea lions also have a special relationship with giant kelp, seen in today's image from Baja California, Mexico. These towering underwater plants, which can grow up to 175 feet in ideal conditions, sway gently with the currents, creating beautiful scenery. Kelp forests are home to a diverse array of marine life, including sea lions, tiny invertebrates like snails, prawns, and jellyfish, and a wide range of fish, like cod, rockfish, and wrasse. Sea lions twist and turn through the thick kelp strands, hunting fish hiding within the leaves. They also use kelp as refuge from predators like sharks, blending in with the fronds of the brown algae to avoid detection. Kelp's rapid growth makes it an ideal habitat for marine life of all types to thrive.

博迪州立历史公园，莫诺县，加利福尼亚州，美国 Bodie State Historic Park, Mono County, California (© Julien McRoberts/Tetra Images, LLC/Alamy Stock Photo)

“淘金热”后的鬼城 Ghosts of the gold rush

博迪州立历史公园，加利福尼亚州

在加利福尼亚州博迪鬼魅般的寂静中，时间仿佛都静止了。这个曾经繁荣一时的淘金小镇始建于1860年。博迪以W.S.博迪的名字命名，他是一位发现了黄金的探矿者，但在目睹小镇崛起之前不幸死于一场暴风雪。当地发现大量金矿后，居民增加到近1万人，酒吧、舞厅和酿酒厂鳞次栉比。但随着金矿枯竭，小镇的财富也随之消失。矿场关闭，人口减少，到1915年，这个地方被遗弃了。现在，博迪的街道已经空无一人，木质建筑也已破败不堪。

如今，这里已成为美国保存最完好的鬼城之一。漫步在街道上，你可以窥探尘封的房屋和店面，甚至还能发现辉煌时期的瓷器碎片和方形钉子等小物件。传说中，博迪的鬼魂守卫着这个小镇，那些带走纪念品的人可能会被诅咒。如果这还吓不倒你，那你亦会被告知：把纪念品带回家也是违反公园规定的。因此，如果哪天真的来到博迪，请务必只带着回忆离开，以免镇上的鬼魂跟着你回家。

Bodie State Historic Park, California

In the ghostly silence of Bodie, California, it feels like time stands still. This mining camp became a booming gold rush town in the 1870s, after a cave-in revealed a rich vein of gold. Bodie was named after W.S. Bodey, a prospector who died in a blizzard before seeing the town's rise. When large deposits were found there, it grew to nearly 10,000 residents, with saloons, dance halls, and breweries lining its streets. But as the gold ran dry, so did the town's fortunes. The mines closed, the population dwindled, and by 1915, the place was abandoned. Bodie's streets are now empty, its wooden buildings frozen in decay.

Today, Bodie is one of America's best-preserved ghost towns. Wandering through the streets, you can peer into dusty homes and storefronts, and even find small artifacts like shards of china and square nails from the glory days. Legend has it that Bodie's ghosts fiercely guard the town, and those who take souvenirs risk being cursed with bad luck. Taking items home is also strictly against the park's rules. So, be sure to leave with nothing but memories—lest the town's spirits follow you home.

巨型红杉，红杉国家公园，加利福尼亚州，美国 Giant sequoias, Sequoia National Park, California (© Galyna Andrushko/Shutterstock)

古代巨人的王国 The realm of ancient giants

红杉国家公园134周年纪念日

1890年的今天，红杉国家公园在内华达山脉南部成立，旨在保护美国的自然奇观之一。红杉国家公园以占地面积超过629平方英里的巨型红杉树命名，是黑熊、骡鹿等野生动物以及包括莺、莺雀、鹟在内的200多种鸟类的家园。这里的巨型红杉树已经扎根2200多年，是地球上最古老的生物之一。公园里著名的谢尔曼将军树高达275英尺。它以美国内战将军威廉·特库姆塞·谢尔曼的名字命名，不仅高，而且宽度超过36英尺。游客们蜂拥而至，捕捉这些古老巨树的瞬间，它们红褐色的纤维状树皮和宽阔的树枝唤起了一种鲜活的历史感。

Sequoia National Park's 134th anniversary

On this day in 1890, Sequoia National Park was founded in the southern Sierra Nevada of California to protect one of America's natural splendors. Named after the giant sequoias that dominate the landscape, the park spans more than 629 square miles and is home to wildlife such as black bears, mule deer, and over 200 species of birds, including warblers, vireos, and flycatchers. The giant sequoia trees here have been rooted for more than 2,200 years and are among Earth's oldest living organisms. The park's renowned General Sherman tree rises to an astonishing 275 feet. Named after the American Civil War general William Tecumseh Sherman, it's not only tall but is also more than 36 feet wide. Visitors flock to capture moments among these ancient giants, whose reddish-brown, fibrous bark and wide-reaching branches evoke a sense of living history.

雷耶斯角国家海岸灯塔，加利福尼亚州，美国 Point Reyes National Seashore Lighthouse, California (© RMB Images/Photography by Robert Bowman/Getty Images)

自然与人类的天堂 A haven for nature and humans

雷耶斯角国家海岸灯塔，加利福尼亚州

欢迎来到雷耶斯角国家海岸，这里是天空与大地交汇的地方。这个令人惊叹的71,028英亩的海滨天堂位于马林县的雷耶斯角半岛上，是加利福尼亚海岸线上的一颗璀璨明珠，拥有令人惊叹的美景和种类繁多的野生动物。雷耶斯角遍布风景优美的小径，蜿蜒穿过茂密的森林和崎岖的悬崖，为游客提供了许多乐趣。

雷耶斯角被公认为太平洋沿岸风力最大的地方，也是北美第二多雾的地区，它有着迷人的历史背景。雷耶斯角灯塔建于1870年，以应对在波涛汹涌的沿海水域频繁发生的沉船事故。这座标志性地标作为重要的导航辅助设施使用了100多年，直到1975年才被自动照明取代。如今，灯塔仍然是雷耶斯角魅力的关键元素，是这里最受欢迎的景点。无论是观赏海象、徒步前往风景如画的雷耶斯角灯塔，还是仅仅沉浸在波涛滚滚的宁静美景中，每个人都能找到适合自己的地方。

Point Reyes National Seashore, California

This stunning 71,028-acre coastal haven on the Point Reyes Peninsula in Marin County is a gem of the California coastline. Filled with scenic trails that wind through forests and along cliffs, it boasts breathtaking views and lots of wildlife. Point Reyes National Seashore also has a reputation as the most wind-swept spot on the Pacific Coast and the second-foggiest area in North America, so dress accordingly.

The lighthouse was built in 1870 due to frequent shipwrecks in treacherous coastal waters. This iconic landmark served as a crucial navigation aid for more than 100 years before being replaced by an automated light in 1975. Today, the lighthouse remains a key element of Point Reyes' charm and continues to be a favorite attraction. Whether you're spotting elephant seals, hiking to the picturesque Point Reyes Lighthouse, or simply soaking in the serene beauty of the rolling waves, there's something for everyone.

日落时的亨廷顿海滩码头，加利福尼亚州，美国 Huntington Beach Pier, California, at sunset (© Stan Moniz Photography/TANDEM Stills + Motion)

一个无与伦比的码头 Pier today ...

日落时的亨廷顿海滩码头，加利福尼亚州

在今天的照片中，我们看到太阳开始消失在加利福尼亚亨廷顿海滩的码头下方。亨廷顿海滩码头始建于1902年，曾因暴风雨而受损，九年后才得以重建。第二次世界大战期间，码头上安装了一个潜艇瞭望哨，为战争出力。如今，这里已成为一个热门的旅游景点，游客们可以在这里钓鱼，观看冲浪者在太平洋上乘风破浪。

亨廷顿海滩被称为“冲浪城市”，原因不难理解。9.5英里长的沙滩终年波涛汹涌，是冲浪者的天堂。事实上，这座城市是国际冲浪博物馆的所在地，游客可以在这里了解这项运动的历史，观赏历史悠久的冲浪板。无论你是亲自冲浪还是在码头观赏，亨廷顿海滩都是一个无与伦比的旅游胜地。

Huntington Beach Pier, California, at sunset

In today's image, we see the sun disappearing below the pier at Huntington Beach, California. First built in 1902, the pier was damaged by a storm and had to be rebuilt just nine years later. During World War II, a submarine lookout post was installed on the pier to help with the war effort. These days, it's a popular spot for fishing and watching surfers ride the waves out in the Pacific Ocean.

Huntington Beach has been nicknamed Surf City, and it's not hard to see why. Its 9.5-mile-long sandy beach gets great waves all year round. And it is home to the International Surf Museum, where visitors can learn about the history of the sport and see historic surfboards. Whether you're hitting the waves or watching from the pier, Huntington Beach is a peerless destination.

约书亚树国家公园，加利福尼亚州，美国 Joshua Tree National Park, California (© Chris Moore - Exploring Light Photography/TANDEM Stills + Motion)

星空下的约书亚树 Joshua under a starry blanket

约书亚树国家公园，加利福尼亚州

加利福尼亚州约书亚树国家公园的历史早在1936年8月10日成为国家纪念碑之前就开始了。它位于莫哈维沙漠和科罗拉多沙漠的交汇处，数千年来一直是各种文化的家园。该地最早的居民是来自平托文化的人，他们在公元前8000年到4000年生活在这里。几个世纪后，卡惠拉人、塞拉诺人和切梅惠维人也开始在这片土地上生活。与公园同名的约书亚树生长在占地1242平方英里的土地上。尽管它们的名字是“树”，但它们并不是真正的树，而是一种多肉植物。它们原产于美国西南部和墨西哥北部，可以长到40英尺高。

今天，约书亚树国家公园邀请冒险家们来探索它的地形。这里有很多供你选择的地方，你既可以徒步穿越隐秘的峡谷，参观仙人掌花园，也可以去探索令人惊叹的骷髅岩。到了晚上，这个公园会变成观星者的天堂，正如今天的图片所示的那样。无论你是寻求冒险或片刻的宁静，约书亚树都在开阔的天空下等你。

Joshua Tree National Park, California

Happy anniversary, Joshua Tree National Park! This Californian icon was made a national monument on August 10, 1936. At the meeting point of the Mojave and Colorado Deserts, it has been home to various cultures for thousands of years. Its earliest known residents were people from the Pinto Culture, who lived here from 8000 to 4000 BCE. Centuries later, this land was inhabited by the native Cahuilla, Serrano, and Chemehuevi peoples. Its namesake, the Joshua tree, has also put down roots across this 1,242-square-mile park. This striking plant, pictured on our homepage, is not really a tree, but rather a kind of succulent. Native to the Southwest US and northern Mexico, Joshua trees can grow up to 40 feet tall.

Whether it's hiking through Hidden Valley, visiting the Cholla Cactus Garden, or marveling at Skull Rock, this national park has a lot to offer. By night, it becomes a stargazer's paradise. So, whether you seek adventure, or a moment of tranquility, Joshua Tree awaits with open skies.

岩石保龄球 Rock 'n' bowl

保龄球海滩，加利福尼亚州

欢迎来到大自然的保龄球馆！位于加州门多西诺海岸的保龄球海滩以散布在海岸上的那些引人注目的岩石而命名。这些砂岩球（一种被称为结核的现象）是在数百万年的沉积过程中形成的，沉积层围绕着由矿物胶结物固定在一起的砂石核心堆积而成。侵蚀作用逐渐磨损了外层，露出我们今天看到的球形。这创造了一个只有在退潮时才会出现的迷人景象。这种砂岩球很罕见，人们对它们的来源有很多疯狂的猜测，有人认为它们是外星碎片，也有人怀疑它们是恐龙化石。然而，答案非常简单：这是大自然的力量在起作用。

Bowling Ball Beach in Mendocino County, California

Welcome to nature's bowling alley. Bowling Ball Beach on the Mendocino Coast in California is named after the striking rock formations strewn across the shore. These sandstone balls—a phenomenon known as concretions—formed over millions of years as sedimentary layers built up around a central core of sand and stone held together by mineral cements. Erosion gradually wore away the outer layers to expose the spherical shapes we see today. This created a fascinating spectacle that only appears at low tide. Concretions are rare, and there has been plenty of wild speculation about where they come from, with some believing them to be extraterrestrial debris while others wonder if they are dinosaur fossils. The answer, however, is quite simple: It is the forces of nature at play.

春日私语 Whispers of spring

盛开的扁桃树, 加利福尼亚州

在阳光普照的金州（加利福尼亚州的别称）果园中，扁桃仁享有崇高的地位，它以美味的果实诱惑着人们的味蕾，用漂亮的花朵装点着自然环境。而加利福尼亚州种植的扁桃仁占世界市场供应量的80%，占美国市场供应量的100%。据悉，扁桃仁中含有对心脏有益的单不饱和脂肪，还富含纤维、蛋白质以及大量的维生素和矿物质，是一种营养丰富的食物。二三月份，在加利福尼亚州的中央山谷中，这些扁桃树的种子会从娇嫩的花朵中孕育出来，然后在一种毛茸茸的、有着保护作用的外壳中生长，直至成熟。扁桃树属于蔷薇科，在花期会绽放出美丽的花朵，而这些芬芳的花朵会将果园涂染成白色和粉色色调。

星空迷