分类必应美图下的文章

薄雾中的格拉斯顿伯里托尔，英格兰萨默塞特郡 Glastonbury Tor, Somerset, England (© DEEPOL by plainpicture/Adam Burton)

夜幕下的萨尔察赫河，奥地利萨尔茨堡 Salzburg with Salzach river, Austria (© MacEaton/Alamy)

Salzburg, Austria

If you know of Salzburg, Austria, it's probably because of Mozart and not monsters. But if your holiday wish is to be chased by an unseemly seasonal demon, the narrow, medieval streets of this city are the place to be tonight.

The furry, devil-horned figure of Krampus is a sidekick to Santa Claus in Alpine folklore. This mean and mischievous bogeyman travels with Saint Nick, whipping naughty kids with sticks while Santa showers the good ones with toys. Too cheery for you? In other versions of the legend, Krampus eats the little misbehavers up or drags them to hell. And you thought a lump of coal was harsh.

Though the roots of Krampus festivities stretch back to ancient times, Austrian officials tried to stamp out the yuletide demon in the mid-20th century. But like an undead fiend, Krampus has resurged in popularity in the last decade or so, his legend spreading around the world. He's been the subject of several (mostly low-budget) horror movies in the US alone, and central Europe has seen revived Krampus-themed festivities like Salzburg's 'Krampus run.' Typically held December 5, this raucous event sees costumed Krampuses and other grotesque ghouls chase revelers through the old city.

奥地利萨尔茨堡

如果你知道奥地利萨尔茨堡，那可能是因为莫扎特而不是怪物。但是，如果你的假日愿望是被一个不体面的季节性恶魔追逐，那么这个城市狭窄的中世纪街道就是今晚的理想之地。

在阿尔卑斯山的民间传说中，长着毛茸茸的魔鬼角的克兰普斯是圣诞老人的伙伴。这个卑鄙淘气的妖怪和圣尼克一起旅行，用棍子鞭打顽皮的孩子，而圣诞老人则用玩具给好孩子洗澡。你太高兴了？在传说的其他版本中，克兰普斯吃掉了这些小捣蛋鬼，或者把他们拖进地狱。你觉得一块煤块很粗糙。

尽管克兰普斯节的起源可以追溯到远古时代，但奥地利官员在20世纪中叶试图消灭圣诞节恶魔。但是，像一个不死恶魔一样，克兰普斯在过去十年左右的时间里重新流行起来，他的传奇传遍了全世界。仅在美国，他就成了几部（大部分是低成本的）恐怖电影的主角，中欧地区也出现了类似萨尔茨堡的“克拉姆普斯奔跑”这样的以克拉姆普斯为主题的庆祝活动。通常在12月5日举行的这场喧闹的活动中，身着盛装的克拉姆普斯和其他怪诞的食尸鬼在老城追逐狂欢者。

披着一层霜花的秋叶 Autumn leaves coated with frost (© sagarmanis/Getty Images)

Frost on autumn leaves

You can almost hear the sound of autumn leaves coated in frost as they crunch under your shoes on a walk through the woods. Though the calendar says it's still autumn, scenes like this highlight the colder temperatures as winter arrives in the Northern Hemisphere.

Radiation frost—the type seen in this lovely photo—is a quick transformation of water vapor to ice. When water vapor in the air comes into contact with surfaces that are at or below the freezing point, the vapor quickly crystalizes into frost. It can make for charming scenery, or a reminder that you should have worn a heavier jacket.

秋叶霜

在树林里散步时，你几乎可以听到被霜冻覆盖的秋叶在你的鞋下嘎吱作响的声音。虽然日历上说现在仍然是秋天，但像这样的场景突出了北半球冬天来临时的寒冷温度。

在这张可爱的照片中看到的辐射霜类型是水蒸气迅速转变为冰。当空气中的水蒸气与冰点或冰点以下的表面接触时，水蒸气迅速结晶成霜。它可以创造迷人的风景，或者提醒你应该穿一件更厚的夹克。

迪纳利国家公园里的白大角羊，阿拉斯加 Dall sheep rams at Polychrome Pass, Denali National Park, Alaska (© Patrick J. Endres/Getty Images)

Denali National Park

Someone ought to tell these Dall sheep they don't blend in here at Polychrome Pass. Their white coats may be great camouflage against the Alaskan snows, but the warm tones of this tundra make them stick out a bit. And they aren't the only thing sticking out in this national park: It's home to the tallest mountain in North America.

Denali National Park and Preserve encompasses not only its namesake peak but more than 6 million acres of parkland like Polychrome Pass. And even this massive park is part of something bigger: The federal Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act, established on December 2, 1980, protected almost a quarter-million square miles of wilderness all over Alaska. As of today, 65% of the state consists of public lands.

德纳利国家公园

应该有人告诉这些达尔羊，他们不在多色山口混在这里。他们的白色外套可能是抵御阿拉斯加大雪的绝佳伪装，但这片冻土带温暖的色调让他们显得有些突出。它们不是这个国家公园里唯一突出的东西：它是北美最高山峰的所在地。

德纳利国家公园和保护区不仅包括其同名的山峰，还包括超过600万英亩的公园，如多色山口。甚至这个巨大的公园也是更大的东西的一部分：1980年12月2日制定的《联邦阿拉斯加国家利益土地保护法》保护了阿拉斯加全境近25万平方英里的荒野。截至今天，该州65%的土地为公共土地。

库佛维尔岛附近的蓝色冰山，南极洲 Blue icebergs near Cuverville Island, Antarctica (© Mike Hill/Getty Images)

Antarctica Day

At just over 600 miles from the tip of South America, Cuverville Island is closer to civilization than most of Antarctica. As such, this small isle off the northward-jutting Antarctic Peninsula is a hotspot for tourists to catch some cool scenery (while freezing their butts off, of course). Visitors can also chill on the rocky beach with the locals: a glut of gentoo penguins whose rookery here is the largest along the peninsula.

Today we're observing Antarctica Day, which commemorates the signing of the Antarctic Treaty on December 1, 1959. In the treaty, 12 of the world's most powerful nations agreed to dedicate Earth's southernmost continent to science—any military activity there was banned. It was the first arms control agreement established during the Cold War. It still stands 62 years later as an important landmark in global relations and has expanded to include 54 countries.

南极日

库弗维尔岛距离南美洲尖端仅600多英里，比南极洲大部分地区更接近文明。因此，这座位于南极半岛北部的小岛是游客们欣赏凉爽风景的热点（当然，他们的屁股也会被冻掉）。游客还可以和当地人一起在岩石海滩上乘凉：这里有大量的gentoo企鹅，它们的鸟巢是半岛上最大的。

今天我们庆祝南极日，纪念1959年12月1日南极条约的签署。在该条约中，世界上12个最强大的国家同意将地球最南端的大陆用于科学研究，禁止任何军事活动。这是冷战期间达成的第一项军备控制协议。62年后，它仍然是全球关系中的一个重要里程碑，并已扩大到包括54个国家。

被白雪覆盖的彩虹山，秘鲁 Aerial view of snowy peaks of Vinicunca (aka Rainbow Mountain), Peru (© Jude Newkirk/Amazing Aerial Agency)

Rainbow Mountain

Even to the huge bummer that is glacial melting, there are bright sides: The radiant colors of Vinicunca (aka Rainbow Mountain) might have gone unseen had rising temps not melted the peak's glacial caps. Rainbow Mountain's streaky sediment layers, multicolored like a wildflower bloom, were revealed in 2015. Since then, it's become the most visited natural attraction in Peru's lofty Cusco region.

彩虹山

即使对于冰川融化这一巨大的麻烦来说，也有光明的一面：如果上升的气温没有融化山顶的冰盖，维尼库卡（又名彩虹山）的灿烂色彩可能已经看不见了。彩虹山的条纹状沉积物层，五颜六色，像野花盛开，于2015年被发现。从那时起，它成为秘鲁高耸的库斯科地区游客最多的自然景点。

索巴尼亚国家公园上方耸立的百年桥, 巴拿马 Centennial Bridge towering above Soberanía National Park, Panama (© David Tipling/Universal Images Group via Getty Images)

Centennial Bridge

What do you get when you cross historic feats of engineering with unmatched natural beauty? This photo of a suspension bridge in a rainforest. Or more specifically: Panama, where the photo was taken.

Panama celebrates its Independence Day today—although on this strategic, ocean-straddling strip of land, independence is complicated. When Panama broke loose from Spain on this day in 1821, it became part of Colombia until, backed by the US, it seceded in November 1903 just before the Panama Canal was built. (The Centennial Bridge over the canal, shown here, was finished in 2003 to commemorate 100 years since that event.) The US spearheaded building the international waterway, and controlled it until December 31, 1999, when Panamanians finally assumed full command of the canal, one of Panama's chief sources of revenue.

百年桥

当你将历史性的工程壮举与无与伦比的自然美景相结合时，你会得到什么？这张照片是雨林中的一座吊桥。或者更具体地说：照片拍摄地巴拿马。

巴拿马今天庆祝其独立日，尽管在这片战略上横跨海洋的狭长土地上，独立是复杂的。1821年的今天，巴拿马脱离西班牙，成为哥伦比亚的一部分，直到1903年11月，在美国的支持下，巴拿马运河建成之前脱离了哥伦比亚。（图中所示的运河百年纪念桥于2003年完工，以纪念该事件发生100周年。）美国率先修建了国际水道，并控制了该水道，直到1999年12月31日，巴拿马人最终全面控制了运河，这是巴拿马的主要收入来源之一。

20世纪50年代宾夕法尼亚州车站和纽约市夜景鸟瞰图 Aerial view of Penn Station and the New York City skyline at night in the 1950s (© R. Gates -Staff/Getty Images)

Penn Station

If this image of New York City's Pennsylvania Station seems straight out of a classic film noir, it's for good reason. The photo was taken in the 1950s, just a few years before the city's beloved Beaux-Arts style masterpiece was dismantled and then demolished so that Madison Square Garden could be built atop its warren of walkways and train lines.

This original Pennsylvania Station opened to the public on November 27, 1910. It was built by its namesake, the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, to compete with Grand Central Station. For 50-plus years, commuters and visitors streamed in and out of the grand and imposing Penn Station to take trains to and from New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and beyond. When the building was decapitated in 1963 with only its underground network of tunnels and walkways left in place, the demolition sparked city-wide and even international outrage. 'One entered the city like a god; one scuttles in now like a rat,' wrote architectural historian Vincent Scully. There was a silver lining to the cloud of demolition dust: A collective sense of loss galvanized the movement to preserve historically significant buildings in the US.

Today, we celebrate the anniversary of Penn Station with more good news. On January 1, 2021, the first train left Penn Station from the new Daniel Patrick Moynihan Train Hall. It's a $1.6B architectural masterpiece of its own, built from the adjacent US Post Office building and taking design cues from the original Penn Station building, pictured here. We'll toast to that!

宾州车站

如果这张纽约市宾夕法尼亚电视台的照片看起来是直接出自一部经典的黑色电影，那是有充分理由的。这张照片拍摄于20世纪50年代，就在几年前，这座城市深受喜爱的Beaux Arts风格的杰作被拆除，然后被拆除，以便麦迪逊广场花园可以建在人行道和火车线的沃伦顶上。

这座最初的宾夕法尼亚车站于1910年11月27日向公众开放。它是由同名的宾夕法尼亚铁路公司建造的，目的是与大中央车站竞争。50多年来，通勤者和游客源源不断地进出宏伟壮丽的宾夕法尼亚火车站，乘坐火车往返新泽西州、宾夕法尼亚州以及更远的地方。1963年，该建筑被斩首，只剩下地下隧道和人行道网络，这一拆除事件引发了全市乃至国际社会的愤怒一个像神一样进入城市；建筑历史学家文森特·史考利（Vincent Scully）写道：“现在，人们像老鼠一样溜进来了。”。拆除尘埃中还有一线希望：集体的失落感激发了保护美国历史上重要建筑的运动。

今天，我们用更多的好消息来庆祝宾州电台的周年纪念。2021年1月1日，第一列火车从新的Daniel Patrick Moynihan火车站开出。这是一座耗资16亿美元的建筑杰作，取材于毗邻的美国邮政大楼，并借鉴了原宾夕法尼亚州车站大楼的设计灵感，如图所示。我们要为此干杯！

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