分类 必应美图 下的文章

蒙特维德云雾森林中的吊桥，哥斯达黎加 Hanging bridge in Monteverde Cloud Forest, Costa Rica (© Dmitriy Burlakov/Getty Images)

上面的空气怎么样？ How's the air up there?

Monteverde Cloud Forest in Costa Rica

Today we're taking a walk through the clouds to visit one of the most beautiful and biodiverse places on the planet. Costa Rica's Monteverde Cloud Forest is in the Tilarán mountain range 5,000 feet above sea level. Hundreds of different animal species and thousands of insect and plant species call the forest home. Diligent nature lovers could count nearly 700 different types of butterflies and 500 different species of orchids during a visit. Famous in the scientific community, the forest also attracts more than 70,000 tourists a year.

You may be wondering, what exactly is a 'cloud forest?' Different than a rainforest, they're forests high enough above sea level to be covered by persistent mist and fog generated by the forest's own evaporating moisture. This makes for a damp and humid, yet cool environment. Generally tropical, they're pretty rare. Only 1% of the current global woodland is considered true cloud forest. Entirely dependent on an area's local climate, it is expected that many of the 736 locations currently identified as cloud forests will be strongly impacted and altered in the coming years. Monteverde, in fact, is known as the location where the first climate-related species extinction was recorded—in the 1980s, the golden toad fell victim to a parasitic fungus that spread into the area due to the changing climate.

哥斯达黎加蒙特维德云林

今天，我们将在云层中漫步，参观地球上最美丽、生物多样性最强的地方之一。哥斯达黎加的蒙特维德云林位于海拔5000英尺的蒂拉兰山脉。数百种不同的动物物种和数千种昆虫和植物物种称之为森林之家。勤奋的自然爱好者在一次参观中可以数出近700种不同类型的蝴蝶和500种不同种类的兰花。这片森林在科学界享有盛誉，每年也吸引了70000多名游客。

你可能想知道，“云林”到底是什么与雨林不同的是，它们的海拔高度足以被森林自身蒸发水分产生的持续雾所覆盖。这就形成了一个潮湿而凉爽的环境。通常是热带地区，它们非常罕见。目前全球只有1%的林地被认为是真正的云林。完全取决于一个地区的当地气候，预计目前被确定为云林的736个地点中的许多将在未来几年受到强烈影响和改变。事实上，蒙特维德是20世纪80年代记录的第一个与气候相关物种灭绝的地方，金蟾是一种寄生真菌的受害者，这种真菌由于气候变化而传播到该地区。

格拉纳达的阿尔罕布拉，安达卢西亚省，西班牙 Alhambra in Granada, Andalucia, Spain (© Armand Tamboly/Getty Images)

绿宝石中的珍珠 Pearl among the emeralds

The Alhambra in Granada, Spain

The winds of history have long blown through the beautiful halls of the Alhambra. Though it had been the location of fortresses as far back as the 800s, construction of the Alhambra (Arabic for 'red castle') began in 1238 under the rule of Muhammad I Ibn al-Ahmar, founder of the Emirate of Granada. Ensuing leaders would continue construction of the complex, turning it into one of the finest examples of architecture from the historic Islamic world. The palace was the final hold of the Moors before the completion of the Christian Reconquista in 1492, when the Alhambra became the royal court of Ferdinand and Isabella. They greeted Christopher Columbus there later that same year.

While Spanish rulers would soon leave their imprint on the complex, with Spanish Renaissance architecture standing in contrast to the existing structures, the next few centuries would see the Alhambra gradually fall into disrepair and disuse, including a damaging occupation by Napolean's forces during the Peninsular War of 1807-1814. After Napolean's defeat, the grand palace was rediscovered among European and American travelers, which led to several extensive restorations. In 1984 the Alhambra was named a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Today it's one of Spain's most visited tourist destinations.

西班牙格拉纳达的阿罕布拉宫

历史之风早已吹过阿罕布拉美丽的大厅。尽管早在800年代它就已经是要塞所在地，但在格拉纳达酋长国创始人穆罕默德·伊本·艾哈迈尔（MuhammadIbnAl-Ahmar）的统治下，阿罕布拉（Alhambra）（阿拉伯语中“红色城堡”）的修建始于1238年。随后的领导人将继续修建该建筑群，使其成为历史上伊斯兰世界最优秀的建筑范例之一。1492年，基督教徒收复失地，阿罕布拉成为费迪南德和伊莎贝拉的皇家宫廷，在此之前，这座宫殿是摩尔人的最后据点。同年晚些时候，他们在那里迎接了克里斯托弗·哥伦布。

虽然西班牙统治者很快会在该建筑群上留下自己的印记，西班牙文艺复兴时期的建筑与现有建筑形成鲜明对比，但在接下来的几个世纪里，阿罕布拉宫将逐渐年久失修和废弃，包括1807-1814年半岛战争期间那不勒斯军队的破坏性占领。纳波利安战败后，欧洲和美国游客重新发现了这座宏伟的宫殿，这导致了几次大规模的修复。1984年，阿罕布拉被联合国教科文组织命名为世界遗产。今天，它是西班牙游客最多的旅游目的地之一。

科纳提国家公园，克罗地亚 Kornati National Park, Croatia (© Anton Petrus/Getty Images)

适合每个人的岛屿公园 An island park for everyone

European Day of Parks

Enjoy swimming, snorkeling, diving, or sailing? How about soaking in a spectacular natural setting? Croatia's Kornati National Park checks all the boxes. The 84-square-mile park protects 89 islands, islets, and reefs off Croatia's scenic Adriatic Coast.

Today is the European Day of Parks, and we're joining others in taking time to appreciate and support protected natural areas throughout the continent. Kornati, one of Croatia's nine national parks, takes that mission seriously year-round. You can visit Kornati on a day trip from Zadar, an ancient seaside city with a Roman forum and other historic sites. And since 2005, Zadar has had the world's first sea organ, which plays music by way of sea waves and tubes located underneath a set of large marble steps. Many tour boat options offer quick access to the park, some that ply you with local food to enjoy en route. But we suspect you'll want to spend more than a day exploring the island wonders of Kornati National Park. It's an ecotourist's dream.

欧洲公园日

喜欢游泳、浮潜、潜水或帆船运动吗？在壮观的自然环境中泡个澡怎么样？克罗地亚的科尔纳蒂国家公园检查了所有的盒子。这个84平方英里的公园保护着克罗地亚风景秀丽的亚得里亚海沿岸的89个岛屿、小岛和暗礁。

今天是欧洲公园日，我们和其他人一起花时间欣赏和支持整个欧洲大陆的自然保护区。科尔纳蒂是克罗地亚九个国家公园之一，全年都认真对待这一使命。你可以从扎达尔（Zadar）一日游到科尔纳蒂，这是一座古老的海滨城市，有罗马论坛和其他历史遗迹。自2005年以来，扎达尔拥有世界上第一个海洋风琴，它通过位于一组大型大理石台阶下的海浪和管子来演奏音乐。许多游船选项都可以快速进入公园，有些还可以在途中为您提供当地美食。但我们怀疑你会想花一天以上的时间探索科纳提国家公园的岛屿奇观。这是生态旅游者的梦想。

彩虹河里的佛罗里达红肚龟，彩虹泉州立公园，佛罗里达 Florida red-bellied turtle in Rainbow Springs, Rainbow Springs State Park, Florida (© Michel Roggo/Minden Pictures)

龟龟们畅游的好日子 Turtle-y nice day for a swim

World Turtle Day

That's a Florida red-bellied turtle celebrating World Turtle Day with a dip in the clear waters of Rainbow Springs State Park in Florida. This river turtle species spends the bulk of its day basking in Florida's abundant sunshine and chomping on vegetation, but it's nice to cool off with a swim, too. Red-bellied turtles have been known to sneak into alligator nests to lay eggs. If you're going to find someone to protect your kids, you might as well make it an alligator!

World Turtle Day celebrates all things chelonian, with turtle and tortoise lovers dressing up as turtles or wearing green summer dresses. The day can include missions to save turtles, research activities, and educational opportunities for people to learn more about these gentle, famously unhurried creatures. Come out of your shell for the day and take some turtle time.

世界海龟日

这是一只佛罗里达红腹海龟，在佛罗里达州彩虹泉州立公园的清澈水域中浸泡，庆祝世界海龟日。这种河龟每天大部分时间都在佛罗里达州充足的阳光下晒太阳，啃食植被，但游泳也能让它凉爽下来。众所周知，红腹海龟会潜入鳄鱼的巢穴产卵。如果你想找个人来保护你的孩子，你不妨把它变成一只鳄鱼！

世界海龟日庆祝所有的龟类活动，海龟和乌龟爱好者装扮成海龟或穿着绿色夏装。这一天可以包括拯救海龟的任务、研究活动和教育机会，让人们更多地了解这些温和、以从容不迫著称的生物。今天要从你的壳里出来，好好休息一下。

阿尔比恩瀑布，汉密尔顿，加拿大安大略省 Albion Falls, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (© Alexander Sviridov/Shutterstock)

“瀑布之城”中的小瀑布 Cascade in the 'City of Waterfalls'

Albion Falls, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

The spectacular Albion Falls is just one of more than 130 waterfalls that give the city of Hamilton in Ontario, Canada, its sobriquet: Waterfall Capital of the World. The city eagerly welcomes visitors to share in its natural beauty, and there are hiking and biking trails around the waterfalls as well as guided tours. On the edge of Lake Ontario, Hamilton lies 54 miles northwest of Niagara.

As you can see here, Albion Falls is a stepped waterfall with cascading flows that fan out spectacularly. It's 62 feet high (and almost as wide), and there are two viewing platforms at the top for jaw-dropping photo ops. Just obey the signs and watch your footing: There is some fencing, but the ground can be unstable near the cliff edges.

加拿大安大略省汉密尔顿阿尔比恩瀑布

壮观的阿尔比恩瀑布只是加拿大安大略省汉密尔顿市130多个瀑布中的一个，它的绰号是：世界瀑布之都。该市热切欢迎游客分享其自然美景，瀑布周围有徒步旅行和骑自行车的小径，还有导游。汉密尔顿位于安大略湖边缘，尼亚加拉西北54英里处。

正如你在这里看到的，阿尔比恩瀑布是一个阶梯式瀑布，层叠的水流以惊人的扇形散开。它高62英尺（几乎和它一样宽），顶部有两个观景台，用于拍摄令人瞠目结舌的照片。只要遵守指示牌并注意脚下：有一些围栏，但悬崖边缘附近的地面可能不稳定。

张家界大峡谷玻璃桥，湖南 Glass bridge of Zhangjiajie, Hunan, China (© MediaProduction/Getty Images)

站在近300米高空的玻璃上 Standing on glass 900+ feet in the air

Glass footbridge in Zhangjiajie, China

Just 13 days after the Zhangjiajie Glass Bridge opened in 2016 in Hunan, China, it was forced to close. Not because it was faulty but because the attendance rates far exceeded capacity. Built to hold 800 people safely, daily attendance was expected to be around 8,000. When 80,000 showed up each day after it opened, authorities needed some time to reevaluate what exactly they had. Parking, ticketing, and customer service were boosted before the bridge reopened.

Designed by Israeli architect Haim Dotan, it was always meant for tourists. Spanning 1,410 feet across the canyon between two mountain cliffs in Zhangjiajie National Forest Park, more than 120 glass panels allow unparalleled views 980 feet straight down. Should you feel daring, you could swing underneath the bridge or take the plunge from the world's highest bungee jump. Management touts that the bridge set 10 world records for design and construction and, at the time, it was the longest bridge of its kind in the world. That honor has since passed to the bridge at the Huangchuan Three Gorges Scenic Area in China's Guangdong province, which spans 1,726 feet.

中国张家界的玻璃人行桥

2016年，张家界玻璃桥在中国湖南开通仅13天后，就被迫关闭。不是因为它有问题，而是因为出勤率远远超过了容量。该建筑可安全容纳800人，预计每天的出勤人数约为8000人。当它开放后每天有8万人出现时，当局需要一些时间来重新评估他们到底拥有什么。在大桥重新开放之前，停车、售票和客户服务都得到了加强。

它由以色列建筑师哈伊姆·多坦设计，一直是为游客设计的。张家界国家森林公园两座悬崖峭壁之间的峡谷全长1410英尺，120多块玻璃板可以让你直达980英尺，欣赏无与伦比的美景。如果你有勇气，你可以在桥下荡秋千，或者从世界上最高的蹦极跳下去。管理层称，这座桥创造了10项设计和施工世界纪录，是当时世界上同类桥梁中最长的。这座桥位于中国广东省黄川三峡风景区，全长1726英尺，自那以后，这座桥就获得了这一荣誉。

大草原之火博物馆, 陆上公园, 堪萨斯州 Museum at Prairiefire, Overland Park, Kansas (© Bernard P. Friel/Universal Images Group via Getty Images)

这座博物馆使大草原着火 This museum sets the prairie on fire

International Museum Day

To mark International Museum Day, we're featuring a destination that hasn't (yet!) achieved the fame of the Louvre or the Getty or the Met, although it's as unmistakable in appearance as any of them. This relatively small wonder proves that inspiration can be found in many places, including this suburb of Kansas City. At 42,000 square feet, the Museum at Prairiefire in Overland Park, Kansas, is about 1/50th the size of the American Museum of Natural History in New York, with which it has a partnership. But to those who find beauty and truth behind its walls, Prairiefire is no less enriching.

International Museum Day was created by the International Council of Museums in 1977 to create awareness that 'museums are an important means of cultural exchange, enrichment of cultures and development of mutual understanding, cooperation and peace among peoples.' It's observed annually on or around May 18 by more than 37,000 museums in 158 countries and territories. Each year is assigned a different theme. This year's theme is 'The Power of Museums,' to innovate and build community.

The Museum at Prairiefire, which opened in May 2014, is devoted primarily to natural history. It borrows displays from larger museums and hosts at least two major traveling exhibits per year. Its striking glass exterior, featured here, was designed to reference the intentional prairie fires that were an integral part of farming life in Kansas. The glass is dichroic, which means that its color changes with the light of the day. The museum is itself a work of art.

国际博物馆日

为了纪念国际博物馆日，我们推出了一个尚未（目前！）获得了卢浮宫、盖蒂宫或大都会博物馆的美誉，尽管它在外观上和它们中的任何一个一样无误。这一相对较小的奇迹证明，灵感可以在许多地方找到，包括堪萨斯城的这个郊区。位于堪萨斯州Overland Park的Prairiefire博物馆占地42000平方英尺，大约是与之合作的纽约美国自然历史博物馆的一半大小。但对于那些在墙后发现美丽和真理的人来说，草原之火同样丰富多彩。

国际博物馆日是由国际博物馆理事会于1977年创建的，目的是让人们认识到“博物馆是文化交流、丰富文化、促进各国人民相互理解、合作与和平的重要手段”每年5月18日左右，158个国家和地区的37000多家博物馆都会举办这一活动。每年都有不同的主题。今年的主题是“博物馆的力量”，创新和建设社区。

草原之火博物馆于2014年5月开放，主要致力于自然历史。它借用大型博物馆的展品，每年至少举办两次大型巡回展览。其引人注目的玻璃外观，这里的特色，旨在参考故意草原火灾，这是堪萨斯州农业生活的组成部分。这种玻璃是二向色的，这意味着它的颜色会随着白天的光线而变化。博物馆本身就是一件艺术品。

护城河边的格吕克斯堡城堡，德国 (© Christian Back/eStock Photo)

位于弗伦斯堡峡湾的水上城堡

马拉斯盐田，秘鲁 Salt ponds of Maras in Peru's Sacred Valley of the Incas (© Fotofeeling/Westend61 on Offset/Shutterstock)

巧夺天工的印加智慧 Incan ingenuity

Salt ponds of Maras, Peru

Peru's spectacularly beautiful Cuzco region has plenty of Incan wonders waiting to be rediscovered. Take, for example, these ancient salt ponds, stepping their way down the mountainside in Maras, nestled in the Sacred Valley of the Incas. You'll find more than 6,000 of the little salt pans near Maras, many of them owned and mined by local families. Salt is still harvested from the ponds through evaporation, just as it was in the 1400s when the Inca created the pools. Production is—pun sort of intended—seasonal. From May to October output is greater and of higher quality, and you'll see crystallized salt with its subtle pink hue. Maras salt is prized for its flavor and rough texture, and people swear by its healthy properties, too. The salt is sold in markets, and of course visitors are encouraged to take samples back home with them.

It's not far from Maras to Moray, another location where Incan ingenuity is on display. This time it's in the form of grass-covered stone rings believed to have been test beds for crop experimentation. The soil is from a few areas in the region, and studies show that the rings were designed to create microclimates to see what worked best for different plants.

秘鲁马拉斯的盐池

秘鲁美丽的库斯科地区有许多印加奇观等待重新发现。举个例子，这些古老的盐池坐落在神圣的印加山谷中，沿着马拉斯的山坡往下走。你会在马拉斯附近发现6000多个小盐田，其中许多是当地家庭拥有和开采的。盐仍然是通过蒸发从池塘中获取的，就像14世纪印加人创造池塘时一样。生产是双关语，有点季节性的。从5月到10月，产量更大，质量更高，你会看到结晶盐带有淡淡的粉红色。玛拉盐因其风味和粗糙的质地而备受赞誉，人们也对其健康特性深信不疑。食盐在市场上出售，当然也鼓励游客带着食盐回家。

从马拉斯到马里不远，这是印加的另一个创意展示地。这一次，它以草覆盖的石环的形式出现，据信石环是作物试验的试验台。土壤来自该地区的几个地区，研究表明，这些环是为了创造小气候，以观察什么对不同的植物最有效。

贝尔尼纳山脉和血月，瑞士 Panoramic view of the Bernina Range with blood moon, Eastern Alps, Engadin, Switzerland (© Bernd Zoller/Shutterstock)

准备迎接血月 Get ready for the blood moon

Lunar eclipse

If you're lucky enough to find yourself under a cloudless sky tonight, you'll be able to see one of our solar system's great wonders, a full lunar eclipse, also known as a 'blood moon.' The spooky nickname derives from the reddish hue the moon takes on when Earth casts its shadow upon it. Featured here is a blood moon over the Swiss Alps. A full lunar eclipse occurs when the Earth and moon align perfectly with the sun, and the moon falls directly behind Earth's shadow. When Earth falls behind the Moon's shadow, a solar eclipse occurs.

While total eclipses of the sun get more attention and make a more dramatic entrance, total lunar eclipses are majestic in their own right and are much more user-friendly. For one, you can look directly at a total lunar eclipse without any worry of harming your eyes. And they're viewable by far more people than solar eclipses. That's because a total lunar eclipse can last for hours, while solar eclipses last just a few minutes. In addition, lunar eclipses are viewable anywhere on the nighttime side of the world while total solar eclipses occur only within a narrow longitude on the planet.

Tonight's lunar eclipse coincides with the Flower Moon, the full moon of every May. It can be seen from Europe, Africa, and parts of Asia, but is best viewed from North and South America. While not exactly rare, total lunar eclipses don't occur too often, and even when they do, they can be hidden by cloud cover. If you miss tonight's blood moon, you'll get a second chance this year in November. Your next chance after that will be in three years, so you might want to plan to stay up late tonight.

月食

如果你足够幸运，今晚能在万里无云的天空下发现自己，你将能够看到我们太阳系的一大奇迹，月全食，也被称为“血月”这个令人毛骨悚然的绰号源于当地球把它的影子投射到月球上时，月球呈现出的微红色。这里的特色是瑞士阿尔卑斯山上的血月。当地球和月球与太阳完全对齐，月球直接落在地球阴影后面时，就会发生月全食。当地球落在月球的阴影后面时，就会发生日食。

虽然日全食得到了更多的关注，并做出了一个更引人注目的入口，但月全食本身就很壮观，而且更方便用户使用。首先，你可以直接看到月全食，而不用担心会伤害你的眼睛。比起日食，人们能看到的人要多得多。这是因为月全食可以持续数小时，而日食只持续几分钟。此外，月食在世界夜间的任何地方都可以看到，而日全食只发生在地球上一个狭窄的经度范围内。

今晚的月食与每年五月的满月——花月重合。从欧洲、非洲和亚洲部分地区都可以看到它，但从北美和南美看得最好。虽然并不十分罕见，但月全食并不经常发生，即使发生，也可能被云层掩盖。如果你错过今晚的血月，你将在今年11月获得第二次机会。之后的下一次机会是三年后，所以你可能想今晚熬夜。