标签英格兰下的文章

威斯特曼森林，达特穆尔国家公园，英格兰德文郡 (© Richard Garvey-Williams/Alamy)

一片迷人的森林

温德米尔湖的风景，坎布里亚湖区，英格兰 (© Chris Warren/eStock Photo)

英国中部最美丽的风景

英格兰怀特岛上的尼德尔斯白垩岩石和19世纪的灯塔。 (© CBCK Christine/iStock/Getty Images Plus)

看起来很锋利的岩石

格拉斯顿伯里山丘上的日出，英格兰 View of Glastonbury Tor from Walton Hill, Somerset, England (© Guy Edwardes/Minden Pictures)

夏季来临 Summer a-rising

Summer solstice

The summer solstice, also known as an estival solstice or midsummer, occurs when one of Earth's poles has its maximum tilt toward the Sun. It happens twice yearly, once in each hemisphere (Northern and Southern). For that hemisphere, the summer solstice is when the Sun reaches its highest position in the sky (for areas outside of the tropics) and is the day with the longest period of daylight. Within the Arctic circle (for the northern hemisphere) or the Antarctic circle (for the southern hemisphere), there is continuous daylight around the summer solstice. On the summer solstice, Earth's maximum axial tilt toward the Sun is 23.44°. Likewise, the Sun's declination from the celestial equator is 23.44°.

Since prehistory, the summer solstice has been seen as a significant time of year in many cultures and has been marked by festivals and rituals. Traditionally, in many temperate regions (especially in Europe), the summer solstice is seen as the middle of summer and referred to as "midsummer". Today, however, in some countries and calendars it is seen as the beginning of summer.

夏至

夏至，也被称为夏至或仲夏，发生在地球的两极之一最大程度地向太阳倾斜的时候。每年发生两次，每个半球（北半球和南半球）一次。对于那个半球来说，夏至是太阳在天空中达到最高位置（对于热带以外的地区）的时候，也是日照时间最长的一天。在北极圈（北半球）或南极圈（南半球）内，夏至前后有连续的白天。夏至，地球对太阳的最大轴向倾斜为23.44°。同样，太阳从天球赤道的赤纬为23.44°。

自史前以来，在许多文化中，夏至一直被视为一年中重要的时间，并以节日和仪式为标志。传统上，在许多温带地区（尤其是欧洲），夏至被视为仲夏，被称为“仲夏”。然而，今天，在一些国家和日历中，这被视为夏季的开始。

一条蜿蜒穿过开满蓝铃花森林的小径，英格兰赫特福德郡 A path winding through a forest of bluebells in Hertfordshire, England (© JayKay57/Getty Images)

是否有胆量穿过这片蓝铃花丛？ Dare to tread through the fairy flower?

Bluebells in Hertfordshire, England

For just a few weeks every spring, across the pond in England and under the newly forming woodland canopy, one of the most enchanting flowers begins to bloom. The bluebell is known by many names but those who know it as the 'fairy flower' might be the most prepared to withstand its strong, sweetly scented allure. According to British folklore, a blooming bluebell carpet on the woodland floor is a mystical place where fairies live. The legends hold that fairies hang their spells on the flowers to dry, and disturbing them would unleash the magic. In earlier times, children were warned that picking bluebells would cause them to be spirited away. Even adults could fall victim to the flower, being doomed to wander the woods and never escape. And heaven forbid you ever happen to hear the fairies ring the bluebells for their gatherings—it means your death is imminent, a belief that inspired another name for bluebells: 'dead men's bells.'

The truth of the matter is that bluebells are considered toxic. Ancient folktales about fairies were a good way to make sure curious humans avoided handling them. But enjoying their beauty is a whole different matter. Walking through ancient woodland to catch a glimpse of these short-lived beauties is a popular activity throughout the United Kingdom where they are most often found, like those in today's photo of Hertfordshire, England. Rare in other parts of the world, there has been a success in transplanting them, should you want to want to tempt fate with the fairies.

英国赫特福德郡的风铃草

每年春天只有几个星期，在英格兰的池塘对面，在新形成的林地树冠下，一朵最迷人的花开始绽放。风铃草有很多名字，但那些知道它是“仙女花”的人可能最愿意忍受它强烈的、芳香的诱惑。根据英国民间传说，林地地板上盛开的蓝铃地毯是仙女们居住的神秘地方。传说中，仙女们把咒语挂在花朵上晾干，扰乱它们就会释放魔法。早些时候，孩子们被警告说，摘风铃草会导致他们被偷偷带走。即使是成年人也可能成为花朵的牺牲品，注定要在树林中徘徊，永远无法逃脱。天哪，你不会碰巧听到仙女们在聚会上敲响风铃，这意味着你的死亡即将来临，这一信念激发了风铃的另一个名字：“死人的铃铛”

事实上，风铃草被认为是有毒的。关于仙女的古代民间故事是确保好奇的人类避免接触它们的好方法。但享受它们的美丽是完全不同的事情。漫步在古老的林地，欣赏这些短暂的美女，是英国最常见的活动，就像今天英国赫特福德郡的照片一样。在世界其他地方很少见，如果你想和仙女们一起挑战命运，移植它们已经成功了。

大脊山，英格兰峰区国家公园 (© John Finney Photography/Moment/Getty Images)

庆祝漫游权

达特穆尔国家公园的薄雾，英格兰德文郡 (© AWL Images/Danita Delimont)

大雾笼罩着达特穆尔

霜雪覆盖下的科茨沃尔德，英格兰 Hoar frost and snow in the Cotswolds, England (© Peter Adams/Getty Images)

寒冷降临科茨沃尔德 Cold falls on the Cotswolds

Winter in England's Cotswolds

The Cotswolds region is well known by Brits as a sleepy summer getaway, a day-trip destination for rambling through rolling pastures and charming villages while sampling delicious local produce. But in winter, this rural landscape takes on a new character when snows blanket the countryside.

Some visitors take several days to hike all 102 miles of the Cotswold Way, the trail that leads from charming Chipping Campden in the north, over hill and dale through villages including Dursley—near the spot where this photo was taken—and finally to the city of Bath in the south. The whole stretch has year-round appeal—especially if you include stops at cozy cafes and pubs on the route. It's no wonder the Cotswolds region is the largest patch of land in the UK designated an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

英格兰科茨沃尔德的冬天

科茨沃尔德地区被英国人视为一个令人昏昏欲睡的夏季度假胜地，是一个一日游的目的地，可以在起伏的牧场和迷人的村庄漫步，同时品尝当地美味的农产品。但在冬天，当积雪覆盖乡村时，这种乡村景观呈现出新的特征。

一些游客花了几天时间徒步走完科茨沃尔德路的102英里，这条小径从北部迷人的奇平坎普登出发，穿过山丘和山谷，穿过村庄，包括照片拍摄地点附近的德思礼，最后到达南部的巴斯市。整条路线全年都有吸引力，尤其是如果你在路线上包括舒适的咖啡馆和酒吧。难怪科茨沃尔德地区是英国最大的一片土地，被指定为一个具有杰出自然美景的地区。

哈德良长城上空的北极光，英格兰诺森伯兰郡 Aurora borealis over Sycamore Gap Tree, Hadrian's Wall, Northumberland, England (© Guy Edwardes/NPL/Minden Pictures)

梧桐树峡 Sycamore Gap Tree

Stars over Sycamore Gap

The Northern Lights have set the sky alight with color here at the famous Sycamore Gap, in Northumberland. This tree has been keeping a lonely vigil for hundreds of years at the bottom of a steep dip in Hadrian’s Wall, the 73-mile-long fortification built to mark the northwest frontier of the Roman Empire. Silhouetted against the sky, it is said to be the most photographed spot in Northumberland National Park.

This part of Northumberland is also home to Europe’s largest area of the protected night sky and England’s first and largest dark sky park. In February it hosts a dark skies festival, with activities, talks, and an exhibition to entice visitors to venture out after dark. Very low levels of light pollution in this area make it a popular destination with stargazers who can see the Milky Way - and sometimes the neighboring Andromeda Galaxy - with the naked eye on a clear night.

The Northern Lights, a celestial light show caused by charged solar particles hitting Earth’s atmosphere, are a rare treat for the lucky ones here in England's most northerly county. But this iconic sycamore is here in all atmospheric conditions, ready for its close-up.

梧桐林隙上的星星

北极光照亮了诺森伯兰著名的悬铃木峡谷的天空。数百年来，这棵树一直孤零零地守夜在哈德良城墙陡峭的山脚下。哈德良城墙是一座73英里长的防御工事，标志着罗马帝国的西北边境。在天空的衬托下，它被认为是诺森伯兰国家公园中拍摄最多的景点。

诺森伯兰的这一部分也是欧洲最大的夜空保护区和英格兰第一个也是最大的夜空公园的所在地。今年2月，它举办了一个黑暗天空节，活动、讲座和展览吸引游客在天黑后外出。这一地区的光污染水平非常低，这使得它成为了一个受天文爱好者欢迎的目的地，他们可以在晴朗的夜晚用肉眼看到银河系——有时还有邻近的仙女座星系。

北极光是一场由带电的太阳粒子撞击地球大气层而引起的天光秀，对于英国最北边的郡里的幸运儿来说，这是一次难得的享受。但这棵标志性的梧桐树在所有的大气条件下都在这里，为它的特写做好了准备。

被白霜覆盖的山毛榉林 Beech forest covered in hoarfrost

Cranborne Chase, England

If this looks to you like the setting of a fairy tale, you're not alone. These surroundings have long inspired writers and painters alike. Naturally, Cranborne Chase, England, has been designated a national protected area because of its natural beauty. It may be especially beautiful in winter, when the trees and shrubs can be coated with hoarfrost, an uncommon type of frost that forms when water vapor turns directly into ice, skipping the liquid stage.

Cranborne Chase is a plateau in southern England touching the counties of Dorset, Hampshire, Somerset, and Wiltshire. These 380 square miles of diverse countryside include rolling grasslands, river valleys, hillsides, and ancient woodlands. The area has been inhabited since the stone age, and for centuries was a royal hunting ground—in fact, the word 'chase' derives from these hunts. Today, while Cranborne Chase is protected from most new development, it's not a wilderness—nearly 90% of the land is used for farming and more than 30,000 people live here.

英国克兰伯恩蔡斯

如果你觉得这就像童话故事的背景，那么你并不孤单。长期以来，这些环境一直激励着作家和画家。自然地，英格兰的克兰伯恩蔡斯因其自然美景而被指定为国家保护区。在冬天，树木和灌木丛可能会被白霜覆盖，这是一种罕见的霜，当水蒸气直接变成冰，跳过液体阶段时形成。

克兰伯恩蔡斯是英格兰南部的一个高原，与多塞特、汉普郡、萨默塞特和威尔特郡接壤。这380平方英里的多样化乡村包括起伏的草原、河谷、山坡和古老的林地。该地区自石器时代起就有人居住，几个世纪以来一直是皇家狩猎场。事实上，“追逐”一词源自这些狩猎。如今，尽管克兰伯恩蔡斯受到保护，不受大多数新开发项目的影响，但它并不是一片荒野。近90%的土地用于农业，有3万多人居住在这里。

星空迷