标签 印度 下的文章

在喀拉拉邦河流中行驶的一艘小船，印度 Aerial view of a boat in Kerala, India (© Shutterstock)

椰林国 Coconut forest country

Kerala, India

Kerala, the southernmost state of India, is the spice hotspot of the world since ancient times. This beautiful land is rightly called God's Own Country, given to its lush green landscapes and crystal-clear beaches that will leave you awestruck. With all elements of nature in it, Kerala leads the country in various aspects like literacy rate, sex ratio, least population growth, and travel and tourism.

The name Kerala is derived from Kera, the local Malayalam word for coconut, and there is an abundance of palm trees across the state. The spiky dark green fronds act as natural parasols against the glare of the sun. The coconut doesn’t just lend its name to the place but also acts as a ubiquitous and adaptable natural resource from which countless products, such as coir, a versatile fiber, and toddy, a famous – and potent – local brew, are derived.

印度喀拉拉邦

印度最南端的喀拉拉邦自古以来就是世界香料热点。这片美丽的土地被正确地称为上帝的祖国，因其葱郁的绿色景观和水晶般清澈的海滩将让你惊叹不已。喀拉拉邦拥有自然的所有元素，在识字率、性别比、人口增长最少、旅游和旅游等各个方面都处于全国领先地位。

喀拉拉这个名字来源于当地马来语中椰子的意思Kera，整个州有大量的棕榈树。尖尖的深绿色复叶充当天然遮阳伞，抵御太阳的强光。椰子不仅是这个地方的名字，而且是一种无处不在、适应性强的自然资源，从中可以提炼出无数产品，如椰子皮（一种多用途纤维）和托迪酒（一种著名且有效的当地酿造酒）。

果阿邦的阿兰博尔海滩，印度 Arambol Beach in Goa, India (© Ben Pipe/Alamy)

印度的里维埃拉 The Riviera of India

Arambol Beach, Goa, India

Known for its immense, densely populated cities, India also has a seemingly endless coastline. And no part of it is more languid and lovely than Arambol, in the small and special state of Goa on the southwestern coast. Arambol is a popular holiday town with the vibe of a sleepy fishing village—which it was once was. Now visitors from around the world drawn to its tropical climate, rainforest valleys, historic architecture, sandy beaches, blue waters, and swaying coconut palms bring a new energy to Arambol.

Goa is distinct from much of India as it was colonized by Portugal while Great Britain ruled the rest. The Portuguese Empire conquered Goa in the early 1500s and ruled it until 1961, when it was annexed by India. The influence of the Portuguese can be seen in Goa's Catholic churches and convents, as well as in the name of the state's largest city: Vasco da Gama, after the explorer who once governed Goa.

If history isn't your thing, Arambol is famous for a drum circle and flea market held on the beach a few hours before sunset. It's just as much a beach party as a market. Craftspeople sell handmade wares while musicians join impromptu performances. There's no better way to end your day in Goa, land of sand and spice and sun.

阿兰波海滩，果阿，印度

印度以其巨大而人口稠密的城市而闻名，其海岸线似乎无穷无尽。在西南海岸的小而特殊的果阿州，没有一个地方比Arambol更慵懒和可爱。Arambol是一个受欢迎的度假小镇，有着一个沉睡的渔村的氛围，它曾经是一个渔村。现在，来自世界各地的游客被其热带气候、雨林山谷、历史建筑、沙滩、蓝色水域和摇曳的椰子树所吸引，为Arambol带来了新的活力。

果阿不同于印度的大部分地区，因为它曾被葡萄牙殖民，而英国统治其余地区。15世纪初，葡萄牙帝国征服了果阿，并统治了它，直到1961年被印度吞并。葡萄牙人的影响可以在果阿的天主教教堂和修道院中看到，也可以在该国最大城市瓦斯科·达伽马（Vasco da Gama）的名字中看到，瓦斯科·达·伽马是曾经统治果阿的探险家。

如果你不喜欢历史，那幺Arambol以日落前几个小时在海滩上举行的鼓圈和跳蚤市场而闻名。这是一个海滩派对，也是一个市场。工匠们出售手工制品，音乐家们则参加即兴表演。在果阿，没有更好的方式来结束你的一天，这是一个充满沙子、香料和阳光的地方。

奇陶尔加尔堡，印度 Chittorgarh Fort, India (© Anand Purohit/Getty Images)

古代中世纪城堡 Medieval castle

Chittorgarh Fort Rajasthan India

At 8 miles in circumference, the Chittorgarh Fort is one of the largest forts in India, a nation with scores of ancient and medieval fortresses. For starters there are seven massive gates from which to enter. Inside you'll find four palaces and 19 temples. At one time there were almost 100 bodies of water, most of them ponds fed by natural catchment and rainfall, although now there are only 20. Chittorgarh ('garh' means 'fort,' so it's also known as Chittor Fort) is so old, no one is sure exactly when it was built, although reports of its earliest capture go back to the 8th century. It is one of a cluster of six large forts in the northwestern state of Rajasthan referred to as the Hill Forts of Rajasthan, all of them collectively designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site. We're featuring this important and ancient complex on India's 75th Independence Day, one of India's three national holidays.

On August 15, 1947, India officially broke free of Great Britain and became a sovereign and democratic nation with the speedy passage of the Indian Independence Act. The paperwork might have been fast, but the struggle for independence from British rule lasted 90 years and cost many Indian lives. The British controlled the Indian subcontinent for nearly 200 years, after winning the decisive Battle of Plassey in 1757. The victory allowed the English East India Company to eventually exercise control over most of the rest of the Indian subcontinent, Burma, and Afghanistan. East India remained the supreme authority in India for a century until 1857 when a massive rebellion by civilians and Indian soldiers against the company was suppressed, resulting in direct British rule, referred to as the British raj.

The ensuing decades saw the formation of the Indian National Congress, the rise of Indian nationalism, various armed rebellions, and many acts of civil disobedience led by Mahatma Gandhi and others, before independence was finally achieved. While India as we know it is still a very young nation, the Chittor Fort reminds us the land and people that created modern India have endured and thrived for millennia.

印度拉贾斯坦邦的奇托加尔堡

奇托加尔要塞周长8英里，是印度最大的要塞之一，该国拥有数十座古代和中世纪要塞。首先，有七扇巨大的大门可以进入。里面有四座宫殿和19座寺庙。曾经有近100个水体，其中大部分是由自然集水和降雨形成的池塘，尽管现在只有20个。奇托加尔（Chittorgar，意为“堡垒”，所以也被称为奇托堡）非常古老，没有人确切知道它是何时建成的，尽管关于最早捕获的报道可以追溯到8世纪。它是西北部拉贾斯坦邦的六座大型堡垒群之一，被称为拉贾斯坦山的希尔堡垒，所有这些堡垒都被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产。在印度的第75个独立日，印度的三个法定假日之一，我们将展示这座重要而古老的建筑群。

1947年8月15日，随着《印度独立法》的迅速通过，印度正式脱离英国，成为一个主权民主国家。文书工作可能很快，但脱离英国统治的独立斗争持续了90年，夺走了许多印度人的生命。1757年，英国人在普拉西决定性战役中获胜后，控制了印度次大陆近200年。这场胜利使英国东印度公司最终控制了印度次大陆的大部分其他地区，缅甸和阿富汗。一个世纪以来，东印度一直是印度的最高权力机构，直到1857年，平民和印度士兵对该公司的大规模叛乱被镇压，导致英国直接统治，称为英国统治。

随后的几十年见证了印度国民大会的成立、印度民族主义的兴起、各种武装叛乱以及圣雄甘地等人领导的许多公民不服从行为，最终实现了独立。虽然我们所知的印度仍然是一个非常年轻的国家，但奇托堡提醒我们，创造现代印度的土地和人民已经忍受并繁荣了数千年。

一列火车穿过卡纳塔克邦的沙拉瓦蒂桥，印度 A train crossing the Sharavati Bridge in Karnataka, India (© Amith Nag Photography/Getty Images)

工程奇迹 An engineering marvel

Sharavati Bridge

This bridge at Honnavar was awarded second prize in the competition for Most outstanding Bridge National Awards 1995 – Category I by Indian Institute of Bridge Engineers.

Here, we are looking at the Sharavati Bridge, the longest railway bridge in the Indian state of Karnataka. It is 2,060 metres long and it carries the Konkan Railway over the Sharavati river. Constructed in 1984, the bridge is recognised around the globe as an engineering wonder. During the 20th century, the project to construct this bridge was considered to be the biggest and perhaps the most complicated railway undertaking (at least in this part of the world). The Konkan Railway has over 2,000 bridges and 91 tunnels constructed through some of the toughest terrains.

沙拉瓦蒂桥

这座位于Honnavar的大桥在1995年印度桥梁工程师学会颁发的最杰出桥梁国家奖（I类）竞赛中获得二等奖。

在这里，我们看到的是印度卡纳塔克邦最长的铁路桥沙拉瓦蒂桥。它长2060米，通过萨拉瓦蒂河运送Konkan铁路。这座桥建于1984年，是全球公认的工程奇迹。在20世纪，建造这座桥的项目被认为是最大的，也许是最复杂的铁路工程（至少在世界这一地区）。Konkan铁路有2000多座桥梁和91条隧道，穿越一些最恶劣的地形。

维多利亚纪念堂，印度加尔各答 (© Roop_Dey/Shutterstock)

一座献给皇室的纪念堂

哈瓦泰姬陵，印度拉贾斯坦邦，斋浦尔市 (© Mazur Travel/Shutterstock)

朝向世界的皇家窗口

慕那尔山区的茶园，印度喀拉拉邦 Tea plantations in the mountains of Munnar in Kerala, India (© SvitlanaBelinska/iStock/Getty Images Plus)

印度慕纳尔 Munnar, India

Tea plantations in the mountains of Munnar in Kerala, India

The hill station of Munnar is synonymous with rolling hills that are carpeted with verdant plantations of tea – a delicious beverage loved worldwide. The town became a hotspot for tea plantations after John Daniel Munro, a colonial office of the British raj, first visited the place in the late 1870s. He discovered that much of Munnar’s land was suitable for growing tea and coffee. Today, the hill station is recognised for some of the best and most beautiful tea gardens across the globe.

Tea in Munnar is grown on its undulating terrain, which appears as they are covered with a bright green blanket. The entire place has amazing scenery and offers a panoramic view of the majestic Western Ghats. No doubt one of the best places to immerse yourself in your favourite novel and enjoy a warm cup of tea!

印度喀拉拉邦蒙纳山区的茶园

芒纳山站是起伏山丘的代名词，起伏山丘上覆盖着翠绿的茶园——一种全世界都喜爱的美味饮料。19世纪70年代末，英国国王的殖民办公室约翰·丹尼尔·蒙罗（John Daniel Munro）首次访问该镇后，该镇成为茶园的热点。他发现芒纳的大部分土地适合种植茶叶和咖啡。今天，希尔车站被公认为是全球最好、最美丽的茶园之一。

蒙纳的茶叶生长在起伏的地形上，表面上覆盖着一层鲜绿色的毯子。整个地方风景迷人，可以俯瞰雄伟的西高止山脉。毫无疑问，这是让你沉浸在你最喜欢的小说中，享受一杯热茶的最佳去处之一！

Corjuem堡垒，印度果阿邦 Corjuem Fort in Goa, India (© Ingvar Kuznetsov/Shutterstock)

Corjuem Fort in Goa, India

Corjuem Fort, built in 1705 by Portuguese colonists, was abandoned in 1894 but never demolished. It is now a protected historical site in Goa, India, and during the right time of year, Corjuem can look like it's being eaten by the forest.

While Britain is heavily associated with colonial control of India, Portugal had its own foothold in what is now the state of Goa, on the southwestern coast of India. The colony of Portuguese India held for more than 400 years before the Portuguese relinquished the territory in 1961. Sites such as Corjuem Fort show how much the colonial influence affected not just the culture, but the landscape itself.

印度果阿的Corjuem堡垒

1705年由葡萄牙殖民者建造的Corjuem堡垒于1894年被废弃，但从未被拆除。它现在是印度果阿的一处受保护的历史遗址，在一年中的适当时候，Corjuem看起来像是被森林吃掉了。

虽然英国在很大程度上与印度的殖民控制有关，但葡萄牙在印度西南海岸的果阿州有自己的立足点。葡萄牙-印度殖民地在1961年葡萄牙人放弃这片领土之前，已经统治了400多年。像Corjuem堡垒这样的遗址表明，殖民地的影响不仅影响了文化，还影响了景观本身。

梅兰加尔堡，印度焦特布尔 Mehrangarh Fort in Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India (© Jayakumar/Shutterstock)

India Republic Day

You might never guess that this ornate, skylit building, with an exterior covered in intricate carvings and artwork, was once a military base. Perched high on a hill above the city of Jodhpur, the colossal Mehrangarh Fort—aka the Citadel of the Sun—was built nearly five centuries before its home country became a democratic republic. Know which nation we're paying a birthday visit?

India's Republic Day commemorates January 26, 1950, when the constitution of India was adopted and the newly independent nation became a democratic republic. At the time of independence, the Republic of India had a population of 370 million, making the new nation the world's most populous democracy. It remains so today, with a population nearing 1.4 billion.

印度共和日

你可能永远也猜不到，这座华丽的天际建筑，外部覆盖着复杂的雕刻和艺术品，曾经是一个军事基地。坐落在焦特布尔市上方的一座小山上，巨大的梅兰加尔堡又名太阳城堡，在其祖国成为民主共和国之前的近五个世纪就建成了。知道我们要去哪个国家过生日吗？

印度共和日是为了纪念1950年1月26日，当时印度宪法获得通过，新独立的国家成为了一个民主共和国。独立时，印度共和国拥有3.7亿人口，使这个新国家成为世界上人口最多的民主国家。今天仍然如此，人口接近14亿。

梅加拉亚邦的七姐妹瀑布，印度 Nohsngithiang Falls in Meghalaya, India (© Upamanyoo Das/Shutterstock)

India Nohsngithiang Falls

Nohsngithiang Falls is a picturesque waterfall located south of Mawsmai village in East Khasi Hills district in Meghalaya, India. The waterfalls from a height of 315 metres (1,033 ft), segmented into seven different sections, giving it the epithet of the Seven Sisters Waterfalls. As the name suggests, it has seven different waterfalls that are strategically arranged side by side on a high, rugged cliff, and they look compelling even from a distance. The scintillating waterfall is seasonal and plunges over the limestone-covered hills only during the monsoon.

Nohsngithiang Falls is symbolic of the seven sister states of Northeast India namely Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Nagaland, Tripura, Mizoram, and Meghalaya. The waterfall cannot be entered into but creates a spectacular viewpoint that can be seen from nearby bridges and sheds. The beauty of the waterfall is indescribable during sunset when the rays of the sun fall on it creating a perennial rainbow, which is also one of the major highlights of the place.

印度诺兴钦瀑布

Nohsngitiang瀑布是一个风景如画的瀑布，位于印度Meghalaya东Khasi Hills区Mawsmai村南部。瀑布的高度为315米（1033英尺），分为七个不同的部分，被称为七姐妹瀑布。顾名思义，它有七个不同的瀑布，从战略上讲，它们并排排列在一个高而崎岖的悬崖上，即使从远处看，它们也是引人注目的。闪烁的瀑布是季节性的，只有在季风季节才会在石灰岩覆盖的山丘上俯冲。

Nohsngithiang Falls象征着印度东北部的七姐妹州，即阿萨姆、阿鲁纳恰尔邦、曼尼普尔、Nagaland、特里普拉、米佐拉姆邦和梅加拉亚邦。瀑布无法进入，但创造了一个壮观的观点，可以从附近的桥梁和棚屋看到。日落时，阳光照射在瀑布上，形成了一道经久不衰的彩虹，这也是这个地方的主要亮点之一，瀑布的美丽是无法形容的。