标签冰岛下的文章

冰岛的史托克间歇泉 Strokkur geyser in Iceland (© John and Tina Reid/Getty Images)

力量沸腾 Bubbling with power

臭食节：冰 岛的仲冬节

还有什么比一场充满乐趣与野性的盛宴更能温暖寒冬呢？臭食节作为冰岛的冬至节，邀请人们深入体验传统文化。这一庆祝活动围绕生存、文化和社区展开，可追溯至维京时代，当时冰岛人用它祭祀雷神托尔。如今，人们聚在一起，通过享用发酵鲨鱼肉、熏羊肉、黑麦面包及‘黑死神’布伦尼温烈酒等当地美食来庆祝这一节日。

图片中的斯特罗克尔间歇泉则以另一种方式温暖着冬天。它位于赫维塔河旁的地热区，每隔 6 至 10 分钟喷发一次，热水可喷射至49到66英尺的高空，自1963年以来持续活跃。其喷发原理是地壳下的岩浆加热地下水，压力逐渐增大，最终将热水爆发式喷射到地表。无论是索拉布洛特的庆典，还是斯特罗克尔间歇泉的喷发，它们都展现了冰岛顽强不屈的精神：一种体现在人民身上，另一种根植于土地之中。

Thorrablot: The Icelandic midwinter festival

What could be better than warming up winter with a feast that's a little wild and a lot of fun? Thorrablot, Iceland's midwinter festival, invites you to dive headfirst into tradition. This celebration of survival, culture, and community, which dates to the Viking Age, was once a way for Icelanders to honor Thor, the Norse god of thunder. Today, people celebrate by gathering to feast on an array of local delicacies, including fermented shark, smoked lamb, rye bread, and shots of Brennivín—often called 'black death' schnapps.

Strokkur geyser—featured in the image—warms up winter in a completely different way. Located in the geothermal area beside the Hvítá River, this geyser erupts every 6 to 10 minutes, shooting hot water 49 to 66 feet into the air. It has been consistently active since 1963. There is science behind its eruption—magma beneath the Earth's crust heats groundwater until the pressure builds up, forcing the water explosively to the surface. Both Thorrablot and Strokkur celebrate Iceland's resilience—one through its people and the other through its land.

冰岛冰川河流鸟瞰图 Aerial view of glacial rivers in Iceland (© rybarmarekk/Shutterstock)

来自冰与火之国 From the land of fire and ice

冰川河流，冰岛

“冰与火之国”冰岛的冰川河流在数千年的时间里塑造了冰岛的地貌。今天图片中的河流就是由瓦特纳、朗格和霍夫斯等巨大冰川的融水形成的。瓦特纳冰川是冰岛第一大冰川，覆盖面积超3000平方英里，约占冰岛国土面积10%。冰川融化后，冰川水携带着细小的沉积物，形成了乳白色的辫状河流系统，与火山地形的泥土色调形成鲜明对比。每年春夏季节，河流都会因季节性融水而激增，不断塑造和重塑这片土地。从空中俯瞰，可以看到它们错综复杂的图案，就像一幅幅复杂的艺术品，在地形上交织着向北大西洋延伸。冰岛的水不仅仅是一道美丽的风景，它在可再生能源方面也发挥着重要作用。水流为水电站提供动力，巩固了冰岛作为可持续能源领导者的地位。

Glacial rivers in Iceland

Iceland's glacial rivers have shaped the landscape here in the land of fire and ice over thousands of years. The rivers seen in today's image are formed from the meltwater of vast glaciers like Vatnajökull, Langjökull, and Hofsjökull. Vatnajökull, the largest ice cap in Iceland, covers over 3,000 square miles—approximately 10% of the country's landmass. As the glaciers melt, the water carries fine sediments, creating a braided river system with a milky appearance that contrasts with the earthy tones of the volcanic terrain. Every spring and summer, the rivers swell with seasonal meltwater, continually shaping and reshaping the land. Aerial views reveal their intricate patterns, interwoven across the terrain toward the North Atlantic Ocean. The water also powers hydroelectric power stations, reinforcing Iceland's status as a leader in sustainable energy.

斯卡夫塔山的瀑布，瓦特纳冰川国家公园，冰岛 Waterfall in Skaftafell, Vatnajökull National Park, Iceland (© Nopasorn Kowathanakul/Getty Images)

你会相信这种观点吗？ Falling for this view?

斯卡夫塔山，瓦特纳冰川国家公园，冰岛

在冰岛的斯卡夫塔山，秋天不仅仅是一个季节，更是一种体验。从冰川到瀑布，再到北极光，瓦特纳冰川国家公园中的这片区域展示了大自然的原始之美。斯卡夫山曾经是一个繁荣的农场，现在是一个保护区，它是几千年来火山火焰和冰川水激烈交织形成的。作为欧洲第二大冰盖瓦特纳冰川的一个分支，斯卡夫塔山冰川像一条冰冻的河流一样延伸开来，吸引着游客在导游的带领下徒步旅行。公园内的斯瓦蒂瀑布的水源则来自冰川融水。瀑布周围环绕着深色的熔岩柱，从远处看就像一颗心脏，冰岛国家大剧院和雷克雅未克的哈尔格林姆斯教堂的设计灵感就来源于此。斯卡夫塔山的徒步路径既有简单的步行道，又有具有挑战性的攀登路线，每个人都能在这里找到适合自己的路。虽然这个季节的日照时间可能较短，但也有好的地方。当夜幕降临时，极光经常出现，将天空变成绿色和粉色的混合漩涡。

Skaftafell, Vatnajökull National Park, Iceland

In Iceland's Skaftafell, fall isn't just a season—it's an experience. From glaciers to waterfalls, like the one featured here today, to northern lights, this area in Vatnajökull National Park is a showcase of nature's raw beauty. Skaftafell's dramatic landscape was formed over thousands of years by the fierce interplay of volcanic fire and glacial water. Here, the glacier Skaftafellsjökull, a branch of Iceland's largest ice cap, Vatnajökull, stretches out like a frozen river, inviting visitors for guided hikes. Then there's Svartifoss, another waterfall in the park, fed by glacial meltwater. Surrounded by dark lava columns resembling a heart from afar, this waterfall inspired the design of Iceland's National Theatre and the Hallgrímskirkja church in Reykjavík.

Skaftafell's hiking trails range from easy walks to challenging climbs, so there's something for everyone. While the daylight hours may be shorter in this season, there's a bright side—literally. As night falls, the auroras often appear, turning the sky into a swirling mix of green and pink.

日出时的羽扇豆田和教堂，斯奈山半岛，冰岛 Lupine fields and church at sunrise, Snæfellsnes Peninsula, Iceland (© Matteo Colombo/Getty Images)

鲁冰花盛放的夏季 'Lupin' into summer

羽扇豆田和教堂，斯奈山半岛，冰岛

随着冰岛春夏交替，崎岖的地貌呈现出五彩缤纷的景象。由于羽扇豆的根部具有土壤粘结性，冰岛在20世纪40年代引进了羽扇豆，用于控制水土流失。羽扇豆在含沙和含盐的土壤中生长茂盛，繁殖迅速，给乡村涂上了绚丽的紫色、粉色和蓝色。虽然有些人认为羽扇豆是一种入侵物种，会对本地植物造成威胁，但它深受当地人和游客的喜爱，被视为夏季景观的一大亮点。在雷克雅未克和斯科加福斯瀑布附近等多个地区都能看到羽扇豆花田。这些花儿也盛开在通往斯奈山半岛海利桑杜尔教堂的道路两旁，如今天的图片所示。

斯奈山半岛除了盛开着美丽的羽扇豆花之外，还有丰富而独特的地质地貌。如果你想在一个地方同时体验高耸的火山、广阔的熔岩区、迷人的冰川以及未受破坏的海滩，这里就是你寻找的理想之地。

Lupine fields, Snæfellsnes, Iceland

As spring gives way to summer in Iceland, the rugged landscape bursts into color. Lupines were introduced here in the 1940s for their soil-binding properties, to reduce erosion. The plant flourishes in sandy and salty soils and spreads rapidly, bringing hues of purple, pink, and blue. Although some consider lupine to be a threat to native plants, it is welcomed by many as a cherished part of the summer landscape. You can find lupine fields in Reykjavík, near the Skógafoss waterfall, and lining the road to the Hellissandur Church in the Snæfellsnes Peninsula, as seen in today's image.

钻石冰沙滩，冰岛 Diamond Beach, Iceland (© Rachid Dahnoun/Tandem Stills + Motion)

撒了一地的“钻石” Iced out, literally

钻石冰沙滩，冰岛

从峡湾和熔岩荒原到冰洞和黑沙滩，就像我们今天在图片中看到的那样，冰岛是一个自然奇观的宝库。钻石冰沙滩是冰岛最受欢迎的自然地标之一。这个独特的沙滩位于杰古沙龙冰河湖附近，其名字源于从冰川上脱落的冰山碎片，当这些冰山碎片被冲到岸上后，在黑色沙子上就像一颗颗闪闪发光的钻石，而这些黑色沙子则是来自被侵蚀的火山岩。清澈的冰块与黑色的沙子形成鲜明对比，尤其是当阳光照射在冰面上时，会产生一种超现实的景象，因此这里是冰岛南海岸的必游之地。

Diamond Beach, Iceland

From fjords and lava fields to ice caves and black sand beaches, Iceland is a treasure trove of natural wonders. The volcanic black sand of Diamond Beach, pictured in today's image, sparkles with pieces of iceberg washed ashore from the nearby Jökulsárlón glacier lagoon. The contrast between the clear ice and black sand looks particularly surreal when sunlight hits the ice, making it a must-visit destination on Iceland's south coast.

教堂山，斯奈山半岛，冰岛 Kirkjufell, Snæfellsnes peninsula, Iceland (© Ratnakorn Piyasirisorost/Getty Images)

冰与火之地 The land of ice and fire

草帽山，冰岛

从冰川和瀑布到火山和黑沙滩，冰岛的斯奈山半岛拥有“权游”中的一切。图中这座傲然屹立的小山，是海拔1519英尺高的草帽山。因其形状酷似教堂的尖塔，这座巍峨的小山又被称为教堂山。您可能在《权力的游戏》系列剧中看到过它，因为它曾出现在一幕设定在巨型冰墙以北的场景中。这个冰原岛峰（一种突出于冰原或冰川上的岩层），是摄影师们经常拍摄的对象，其金字塔般的形状、随季节变化的颜色以及沿海的地理位置，使它充满了魅力。如果运气好，天气条件允许，您还可以在草帽山看到壮丽的北极光。

Kirkjufell, Iceland

From glaciers and waterfalls to volcanoes and black sand beaches, Iceland's Snæfellsnes peninsula has 'GoT' it all. Pictured here is the 1,519-foot-high Kirkjufell, a hill often called 'Church Mountain,' as it is said to resemble a steeple. In fact, it is a nunatak, a rock formation that protrudes through an ice sheet or glacier. You might recognize it from the 'Game of Thrones' series, where it featured in a scene set north of the colossal ice wall. When it's not starring on TV, it is popular with photographers thanks to its unusual shape, coastal location, and colors that shift with the seasons. And if you're lucky, and the weather conditions align, Kirkjufell offers a magnificent view of the northern lights.

斯科加瀑布，冰岛 Skógafoss waterfall, Iceland (© Maridav/Shutterstock)

溅起一潭水花 Making a splash

斯科加瀑布，冰 岛

今天照片里的是冰岛的斯科加瀑布，它是冰岛最大的瀑布之一，有82英尺宽，垂直落差约200英尺。游客经常能在这里看到彩虹，甚至是双彩虹。传说，第一个踏足冰岛的维京人曾把一个宝箱藏在了斯科加瀑布后面，这又为这个瀑布增添了一丝神秘色彩。

这个瀑布在很多热门影视作品中都出现过，比如《雷神：黑暗世界》《慷慨的心》《权力的游戏》等等。瀑布附近还有一个斯科加博物馆，可以让人们了解冰岛的文化遗产。

Skógafoss waterfall, Iceland

Behold Skógafoss, one of Iceland’s largest waterfalls. This powerful cascade measures 82 feet across and drops 200 feet over what were once the sea cliffs of the country’s southern coast. The coastline receded seaward, but the cliffs remained, leaving behind this natural wonder, powered by water from two glaciers. Skógafoss, which translates as 'forest waterfall,' is frequently graced with single or double rainbows, formed by the refraction of sunlight through the mist. Legend has it that a treasure chest is hidden behind Skógafoss, left there by a Viking settler named Prasi Porolfsson.

The waterfall has appeared on the big screen, in 'Thor: The Dark World' and the Bollywood movie 'Dilwale,' as well as on TV in the final season of 'Game of Thrones.' The Skógar Museum, which offers insights into Iceland's cultural heritage, sits near the waterfall in Skógar village.

治愈身心的“废水” The healing powers of wastewater

蓝湖水疗，格林达维克，冰 岛

坦率地说，今天这张美丽图片的来源是附近地热发电厂的废水池。虽然这听起来并不诱人，但冰岛的蓝色泻湖是该国游客最多的景点之一。诀窍是不要陷入废水的“浪费”部分。这里的水是干净的，总是在100°F左右徘徊，富含大量的二氧化硅，这正是由于工厂的工艺，使其变蓝和变硫的原因。这些矿物质和少量藻类被认为是对皮肤和整体健康非常有益的补品。

Blue Lagoon spa, Grindavík, Iceland

Let's be frank here, the origin of today's beautiful picture is a pool of wastewater from a nearby geothermal plant. While that may not sound enticing, Iceland's Blue Lagoon is one of the country's most visited attractions. The trick is to not get stuck on the 'waste' part of wastewater. The water here is clean, always hovers around 100° F, and is enriched with tons of silica—which is what makes it blue—and sulfur thanks to the plant's processes. Those minerals, along with a little algae, are believed to combine into a highly beneficial tonic for skin and overall well-being.

今天冰岛人在庆祝什么? What are Icelanders celebrating today?

First day of summer

After long—very long—winter nights, it's not surprising that the First Day of Summer is cause for a big celebration in Iceland. The public holiday falls on the first Thursday after April 18, and launches Harpa, the first summer month of the old Norse calendar that was followed by the country's first inhabitants. The year was split into just two seasons back then—summer and winter—which explains why Sumardagurinn Fyrsti, the First Day of Summer, falls in chilly April. Indeed, folklore has it that if you put a dish of water outside the night before the holiday and it freezes, you'll have a good summer. Regardless of temperature, the holiday does herald the arrival of those famously long days with little darkness, a welcome relief after the light-deprived winter months.

So how do Icelanders celebrate the First Day of Summer? Well, they take part in flag-waving local parades, listen to marching bands, and enjoy outdoor games and sports with family and friends. There's a tradition of giving summer gifts ('sumargjafir'), and those are often connected to outdoor activities—maybe a bike or a soccer ball, or new clothes—to encourage children to play together in the fresh air after the long, frigid winter. And of course, what celebration would be complete without food? The holiday gets people cranking up the barbecue and gathering for 'summer' food, even though the average high temperature in April is in the 40s. Getting cold watching a parade? Icelandic crepes with thick cream and jam inside will warm you up. Feeling chilly but you're determined to think 'summer'? Join the hardy Icelanders who make ice cream a First Day of Summer must-have.

初夏

在漫长的冬夜之后，不足为奇的是，夏天的第一天是冰岛举行盛大庆祝活动的原因。公共假日在4月18日之后的第一个星期四，并推出了哈帕，这是古挪威历法中的第一个夏季月份，随后是该国的第一批居民。这一年分为两个季节，分别是夏季和冬季，这也解释了为什么Sumardagurinn Fyrsti，夏季的第一天，会在寒冷的四月降临。事实上，民间传说，如果你在假期前一天晚上把一盘水放在外面，水结冰了，你就会有一个美好的夏天。不管气温如何，这个节日确实预示着那些以漫长而黑暗少著称的日子的到来，在光线不足的冬季几个月后，这是一种受欢迎的解脱。

那么冰岛人如何庆祝夏天的第一天呢？嗯，他们参加挥舞国旗的地方游行，听游行乐队，和家人朋友一起享受户外游戏和运动。有一种传统是赠送夏季礼物（“sumargjafir”），这些礼物通常与户外活动有关，比如自行车或足球，或者新衣服，以鼓励孩子们在漫长寒冷的冬天后在新鲜空气中一起玩耍。当然，没有食物，什么样的庆祝活动才算完整？尽管4月的平均高温在40多度，但这个节日还是会让人们开始烧烤，并聚在一起吃“夏季”食物。看游行会感冒吗？冰岛薄饼里面有厚厚的奶油和果酱会让你暖和起来。感觉很冷，但你决定去想“夏天”？加入坚韧不拔的冰岛人的行列吧，他们把冰淇淋作为夏季的第一天必备品。

冰雪之地 Land of fire and ice

Goðafoss waterfall, Iceland

Goðafoss is one of the hundreds of show-stopping waterfalls Iceland is blessed with. And though it isn't the island's highest waterfall—that would be Morsarfoss at over 240 meters—or most powerful (the thundering Dettifoss), Goðafoss, has, within its swirling waters, its own story to tell.

An Icelandic legend holds that in 1000 CE, a well-respected pagan priest and chieftain named Thorgeir Thorkelsson was tasked with deciding if Iceland was to become a Christian nation or if it would continue to worship the ancient Nordic gods. The peace of the island was at stake, with fierce advocates on each side. Thorgeir decided in favor of Christianity, but with the caveat that those who chose to continue to recognize the old gods would not be punished so long as they converted. This tale, likely created in the nineteenth century, says that after Thorgeir converted to Christianity he returned to his home near Goðafoss and hurled his statues of the Norse gods into the falls, which is said to have angered the old gods so much that they split the waterfall in two. Which might be enough to make one rethink angering them in the first place.

Goðafoss瀑布，冰岛

Goðafoss是冰岛拥有的数百座停止表演的瀑布之一。尽管它不是岛上最高的瀑布，也不是海拔240米以上的穆萨福斯瀑布，也不是最强大的瀑布（雷鸣般的Dettifoss），但Goðafoss在其漩涡中有自己的故事要讲。

冰岛的一个传说认为，公元1000年，一位受人尊敬的异教徒牧师和酋长托尔盖尔·托克尔松（Thorgeir Thorkelsson）受命决定冰岛是要成为一个基督教国家，还是要继续崇拜古代北欧诸神。岛上的和平岌岌可危，双方都有强烈的支持者。索盖尔决定支持基督教，但有一条警告：那些选择继续承认旧神的人，只要他们皈依，就不会受到惩罚。这个故事可能是在19世纪创作的，故事中说，托尔盖尔皈依基督教后回到他在戈阿福斯附近的家中，将他的北欧诸神雕像扔进瀑布，据说这激怒了古神，以至于他们将瀑布一分为二。这可能足以让人重新思考一开始会激怒他们。

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