标签英国下的文章

托利莫尔森林公园的弗利桥，英国北爱尔兰 (© Adrian McGlynn/Alamy)

史诺多尼亚国家公园的Capel Curig，英国威尔士 Capel Curig in Snowdonia National Park, Wales, United Kingdom (© Sebastian Wasek/Sime/eStock Photo)

A Welsh wonder turns 70

Here on the west coast of Great Britain, we're enjoying views of the windswept uplands and jagged peaks that surround the small village of Capel Curig in the heart of Snowdonia National Park. Renowned for its rugged and mountainous landscape, Snowdonia is the largest national park in Wales and home to over 26,000 people—and even more sheep—the wooly farm animals outnumber people three to one in Wales. About 60% of the park's population speak Welsh, one of Europe's oldest languages, and today they will be wishing this spectacular setting a 'pen-blwydd hapus' (happy birthday) as Snowdonia celebrates its 70th anniversary.

Established on October 18, 1951 as the first national park in Wales, Snowdonia boasts nine mountain ranges that cover just over half the park's 823 square miles. Its most popular peak is Snowdon (Yr Wyddfa in the local Welsh tongue), the tallest mountain in Wales and England, which you can see in the background of our photo. At 3,560 feet, Snowdon is one of 15 mountains within the park that top 3,000 feet, and they're clustered close enough together to make it possible to reach all 15 summits within 24 hours, a challenge known as the Welsh 3000s.

威尔士奇迹70岁

在英国西海岸，我们可以欣赏到斯诺多尼亚国家公园中心的卡佩尔·库里小村庄周围被风吹过的高地和参差不齐的山峰。斯诺登尼亚以其崎岖多山的景观而闻名，是威尔士最大的国家公园，居住着26000多人，甚至更多的绵羊。在威尔士，羊毛农场动物的数量比人多三倍。大约60%的公园人口讲威尔士语，威尔士语是欧洲最古老的语言之一。今天，在斯诺多尼亚庆祝其70周年之际，他们将祝愿这一壮观的场景成为“彭·布吕德·哈布斯”（生日快乐）。

斯诺登尼亚于1951年10月18日建立，是威尔士的第一个国家公园，拥有九座山脉，占地823平方英里，略超过公园面积的一半。它最受欢迎的山峰是斯诺登（当地威尔士语中的Yr Wyddfa），这是威尔士和英格兰最高的山峰，你可以在我们的照片背景中看到。斯诺登海拔3560英尺，是公园内海拔3000英尺的15座山峰之一，它们聚集在一起，足以在24小时内到达所有15座山峰，这一挑战被称为威尔士3000山脉。

侏罗纪时期的鱼龙化石，英国多塞特 An ichthyosaur fossil of the Jurassic period, Dinosaurland Fossil Museum, Lyme Regis, Dorset, England (© Christopher Jones/Alamy)

Celebrating a young girl's age-old discovery

When 12-year-old Mary Anning uncovered the complete skeleton of a fish-like creature near her home on England's southern coast in 1811, extinction was a shaky idea in science. Fossils were nothing new—everything dies and leaves remains, after all. But could an entire species really die off? Were more of these 17-foot sea monsters lurking in the depths of the English Channel?

The fact that ichthyosaurs like this went extinct 90 million years ago seems obvious today (which, by the way, is National Fossil Day). But though such definite answers were still only suspicions during Mary Anning's lifetime, she persisted with paleontology. Her prolific fossil finds fueled both public interest and scientific understanding, and she even discovered two more species in her 20s: the pterodactyl and the plesiosaur. Though she died young at 47, largely denied recognition as a woman in Victorian society, her influence endures like the fossils that fascinated her.

庆祝一个年轻女孩的古老发现

1811年，当12岁的玛丽·安宁（Mary Anning）在她位于英格兰南部海岸的家附近发现了一具鱼形生物的完整骨架时，灭绝在科学上是一个不可靠的想法。化石并不是什么新鲜事，毕竟，一切都会死去，树叶也会留下。但整个物种真的会灭绝吗？这些17英尺高的海怪中有更多潜伏在英吉利海峡深处吗？

像这样的鱼龙在9000万年前灭绝的事实在今天看来是显而易见的（顺便说一句，这是国家化石日）。但尽管在玛丽·安宁的一生中，这些明确的答案仍然只是怀疑，但她坚持使用古生物学。她丰富的化石发现激发了公众兴趣和科学理解，她甚至在20多岁的时候又发现了两个物种：翼手龙和蛇颈龙。尽管她英年早逝，享年47岁，在维多利亚时代基本上被否认是一名女性，但她的影响就像让她着迷的化石一样持久。

布罗兹湿地国家公园，英国诺福克郡 (© Steven Docwra/Getty Images)

英国康沃尔郡岸边的日落 (© Andrew Turner/Getty Images)

布里斯托尔海峡的伯恩贝克码头，英国滨海韦斯顿北索美塞得 Birnbeck Pier on the Bristol Channel in Weston-super-Mare, England (© Stephen Davies/Adobe Stock)

End of the pier?

This peaceful but derelict pier, on England’s south-west coast, was a hub of activity back in its heyday. Designed by the famous pier builder Eugenius Birch, Birnbeck Pier – sometimes called the Old Pier – opened in Weston-super-Mare in 1867. Victorian day trippers would arrive on steamships to enjoy fairground rides, a travelling cinema and skating rink. Welsh visitors would turn up to buy a drink in the pier’s bars on a Sunday, a day when the sale of alcohol was banned over the border. You can still see the old lifeboat house and slipway on Birnbeck Island, a reminder of its history as a base for the RNLI. The Bristol Channel has the second highest tidal range in the world and the island offered a good launching point for its lifeboats, which might otherwise have been cut off by mudflats at lower tides.

Birnbeck Pier is the only British pier which connects the mainland to an island, and its light structure, based on 15 groups of iron columns, has helped it weather 150 years of battering by the sea. But the end of paddle steamers in the 1970s, the opening of the Severn Bridge linking England to Wales, the boom in foreign holidays and competition from a rival pier marked the beginning of the end for the Old Pier which finally closed to the public in 1994. The elements have long battered the Grade II listed structure and it was added to Historic England’s at-risk register in 1999. Local campaigners are trying to save it from collapse and the RNLI has expressed an interest in returning to the island if efforts by North Somerset Council to purchase the pier are successful.

码头的尽头？

这座位于英格兰西南海岸的宁静而废弃的码头，在其鼎盛时期曾是一个活动中心。由著名的码头建造商尤金·伯奇（Euginius Birch）设计的Birnbeck码头——有时被称为旧码头——于1867年在威斯顿超级马尔（Weston super Mare）开业。维多利亚时代的一日游者将乘坐汽船抵达，享受游乐场、电影院和溜冰场的乐趣。威尔士游客会在周日出现在码头的酒吧里买饮料，而这一天，边境地区禁止出售酒精饮料。你仍然可以看到Birnbeck岛上的旧救生艇屋和滑道，这让人想起它作为RNLI基地的历史。布里斯托尔海峡拥有世界上第二高的潮差，该岛为其救生艇提供了一个良好的下水点，否则在低潮时可能会被泥滩切断。

Birnbeck码头是英国唯一一个连接大陆和岛屿的码头，其由15组铁柱组成的轻型结构帮助其经受了150年的海水冲击。但是，20世纪70年代桨式轮船的终结、连接英格兰和威尔士的塞文大桥的开通、国外假日的繁荣以及来自竞争对手码头的竞争标志着旧码头的终结开始，该码头最终于1994年对公众关闭。这些元素长期以来一直在破坏二级结构，并于1999年被添加到历史悠久的英格兰风险登记册中。当地活动人士正试图将其从倒塌中拯救出来，如果北萨默塞特委员会成功购买该码头，RNLI已表示有兴趣返回该岛。

英国巴斯的埃文河 River Avon in Bath, England (© Robert Harding World Imagery/Offset by Shutterstock)

Celebrating all things Austen

Bath, in southwestern England, was the first home Jane Austen knew away from her tiny home village when she moved here at about age 25. Though the author only lived in Bath from 1801 to 1806 and did little writing here, no doubt this spa city on the River Avon gave her inspiration. After all, Bath was a popular resort at the time for Britain's upper crust—the posh, mannered society types whom Austen satirized so wittily in novels like 'Pride and Prejudice.'

The Jane Austen Festival kicks off here in town today and runs for 10 days, offering theatrical performances, walking and driving tours, a masked ball, and much more. Drawing thousands of fans each year, it's the largest and longest-running Austen event in the world.

庆祝一切，奥斯汀

英国西南部的巴斯是简·奥斯汀在25岁左右搬到这里时，第一个远离家乡的家。虽然作者从1801年到1806年只住在巴斯，在这里很少写作，但毫无疑问，这座位于埃文河畔的温泉城市给了她灵感。毕竟，巴斯在当时是英国上流社会人士的一个热门度假胜地，他们是奥斯汀在《傲慢与偏见》等小说中诙谐讽刺的时髦、有礼貌的社会类型

简·奥斯汀艺术节今天在这里开幕，为期10天，提供戏剧表演、步行和驾车旅行、蒙面舞会等等。每年吸引成千上万的粉丝，这是世界上规模最大、持续时间最长的奥斯汀盛会。

A swim in the sky

A lap in this 'sky pool' may have you holding your breath, and not just because you're underwater. With the streets of London looming 10 stories down, the view through the pool's clear bottom is a bit freaky to all but the fearless. But swimming here is a one-of-a-kind experience, and for some lucky residents of these twin apartment blocks near the US Embassy, a convenient way to pop in on neighbors the next building over.

The pool is suspended 115 feet in the air, but its origin is even loftier: It was manufactured at 4,600 feet in the good ol' USA—Grand Junction, Colorado, to be precise—then shipped across the pond to its new home in sea-level London.

在空中游泳

在这个“空中游泳池”里跑一圈可能会让你屏住呼吸，而不仅仅是因为你在水下。随着10层楼高的伦敦街道隐约可见，游泳池清澈见底的景色对于除了无所畏惧的人以外的所有人来说都有点怪异。但在这里游泳是一种独一无二的体验，对于美国大使馆附近这两栋公寓楼的一些幸运居民来说，这是一种方便的方式，可以顺便拜访隔壁的邻居。

游泳池悬挂在115英尺的空中，但它的起源更为崇高：它是在4600英尺高的科罗拉多州的古德奥美大枢纽（good ol’USA Grand Junction）制造的，准确地说，然后穿过游泳池运到它位于海平面伦敦的新家。

The scent of summer

These fragrant purple blooms are a quintessential summer sight - and not just in Provence. Once a favourite in Victorian gardens, homegrown lavender production has seen a renaissance in recent decades, with many small-scale producers growing it and producing lavender-based goods, from creams and oils to cider and chocolate. There are more than 40 different types but Lavendula angustifolia, also known as English lavender, is particularly popular here, especially with bees.

Lavender, which comes from the same family as mint, has been long been a popular plant, associated with cleanliness (the name is thought to have its roots in the Latin verb ‘lavare’ to wash), as well as relaxation and healing. The Ancient Egyptians are thought to have used it in the mummification process, while the Ancient Greeks used it for minor ailments and the Romans used it to clean their clothes. It’s not native to the UK and it is not certain when exactly it arrived on these shores, but it has been popular here for centuries. Lavender is said to have been Queen Elizabeth I’s favourite perfume, posies of lavender were carried and scattered before her to fend off bad smells. More than 200 years later, it was still a royal favourite - Queen Victoria is said to have had a taste for lavender jelly served with roast mutton.

夏日的气息

这些芳香的紫色花朵是典型的夏季景观-不仅仅是在普罗旺斯。曾经是维多利亚花园的宠儿，近几十年来，本土薰衣草生产出现了复兴，许多小规模生产商种植薰衣草，生产薰衣草制品，从奶油和油到苹果酒和巧克力。有40多种不同的类型，但薰衣草，也被称为英国薰衣草，在这里特别受欢迎，尤其是蜜蜂。

薰衣草与薄荷来自同一科，长期以来一直是一种受欢迎的植物，它与清洁（这个名字被认为来源于拉丁语动词“lavare”to wash）以及放松和疗伤有关。古埃及人被认为是在木乃伊制作过程中使用的，而古希腊人用它来治疗小病，罗马人用它来清洗衣服。它不是英国本土的，也不确定它何时到达这些海岸，但它在这里流行了几个世纪。据说，薰衣草是伊丽莎白女王一世最喜欢的香水，一束束薰衣草被带到她面前，撒在她面前，以抵御难闻的气味。200多年后，它仍然是皇室的最爱——据说维多利亚女王尝过薰衣草果冻配烤羊肉。

星空迷