标签 黄石 下的文章

黄石国家公园的美洲野牛，怀俄明州，美国 American bison in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming (© Ian Shive/TANDEM Stills + Motion)

从濒临灭绝到成为国家的象征 From near extinction to national icon

美洲野牛，黄石国家公园，美国

很久很久以前，在北美一望无际的草原上，生活着一种强壮威武的动物，名叫美洲野牛。这些动物是许多美洲原住民部落生活的重要组成部分，可以为他们提供食物、衣服和工具。19世纪末，由于过度捕猎和疾病，它们的数量急剧下降，从多达6000万头下降到不足1000头。于是，一群环保主义者、农场主和美国原住民加入了拯救野牛的行列。现在，有50多万头野牛重新在大自然中漫步，许多都在黄石国家公园这样的保护区内生活。今天，在每年11月第一个星期六的美国国家野牛日，我们向这些高贵的动物致敬：它们是美国精神和人们为拯救它们所做出的不懈努力的见证。

从野牛镍币到野牛州旗，野牛是美国文化中根深蒂固的象征，所以美国野牛在2016年被正式指定为美国的国家哺乳动物也就不足为奇了。野牛是北美最大的哺乳动物，俄罗斯也曾引进过野牛。虽然野牛族群复苏了，但故事还没有结束。这些动物仍然面临着各种挑战，比如栖息地的丧失和猎杀的威胁。

National Bison Day

Once upon a time, in the boundless grasslands of North America, there roamed creatures of great strength and majesty—the American bison. These animals were a key part of life for many Native American tribes, providing food, clothing, and tools. Their population dwindled perilously low in the late 1800s, falling from as many as 60 million to fewer than 1,000 due to excessive hunting and disease. Enter a group of conservationists, ranchers, and Native Americans who stepped in to save the species. Now, over 500,000 bison roam again, many in protected areas like Yellowstone National Park, featured in today's image. Today, on National Bison Day, observed every first Saturday in November, we honor these noble creatures—a testament to the American spirit and the monumental conservation efforts to save them.

It's no wonder the bison was officially named the national mammal in 2016. From the buffalo nickel to state flags, they are a deeply embedded symbol in American culture. Bison are North America's largest mammals, and they have been introduced as far away as Russia. While the bison has made a heroic recovery, the story isn't over. These animals still face challenges, including habitat loss and hunting.

日出时分的大棱镜泉，美国怀俄明州黄石国家公园 Grand Prismatic Spring at sunrise, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming (© XIN WANG/Getty Images)

保存，保护，享受！ Preserve, protect, enjoy!

国家公园周开幕

准备好你的登山靴吧，因为美国国家公园周到了！美国各地最迷人的风景区已敞开大门，邀请大家免费拥抱大自然。在整个庆祝活动期间，美国国家公园管理局将组织各种活动，包括由护林员带领的参观活动、志愿者活动和教育研讨会。

如果你在怀俄明州，您可能想去黄石国家公园看看。作为世界上第一个国家公园，该公园以其植物群、动物群（包括落基山狼、灰熊和黑熊）、超级火山和许多地热景观而闻名，而今天的图片上的大棱镜泉正是其中之一。位于中间歇泉盆地的大棱镜泉从里向外呈现出蓝、绿、黄、橙、红等不同颜色，这种现象是由水体中生活的藻类和含色素的细菌等微生物造成的。外面有太多的东西等着你去探索，所以快召集你的朋友，到野外去吧。

National Park Week begins

Get ready to lace up your hiking boots, because National Park Week is upon us! Across the country, America's most stunning landscapes throw their gates wide open, inviting everyone to embrace the great outdoors for free. Throughout the celebration, various programs will be organized by the National Park Service, including ranger-led tours, volunteer opportunities, and educational workshops.

If you are in Wyoming, you might want to visit Yellowstone, the world's first national park. Established in 1872 by President Ulysses S. Grant, the park is known for its flora, fauna—including Rocky Mountain wolves, and grizzly and black bears—supervolcano, and many geothermal features, including the one we see in today's image. The Grand Prismatic Spring is in the Midway Geyser Basin. Its display of colors is caused by multi-layered sheets of microorganisms, ranging from deep blues and greens to fiery oranges and reds. There is so much waiting to be explored out there, so gather your friends and get out into the wild.

黄石下瀑布，黄石国家公园，怀俄明州，美国 Lower Yellowstone Falls, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming (© Tim Fitzharris/Minden Pictures)

这是你的土地 This land is your land

黄石下瀑布，怀俄明州，美国

虽然夏天即将结束，但现在收拾好装备，去户外探险还为时不晚。不知道该去哪里？那就去美国看看63个国家公园吧！1916年的今天，时任美国总统伍德罗·威尔逊签署《国家公园管理局组织法》，正式成立国家公园管理局，旨在“保护自然景观、野生动植物和历史遗迹，在供人们休闲娱乐的同时，不得破坏这些场所，并将之传诸后代”。无论是哪里的美景，只有小心呵护才能让这份美丽得以延续。

National Park Service anniversary

Though summer is winding down, it's not too late to pack some gear and head into the great outdoors. Unsure where to go? Look no further than our 63 national parks, which exist thanks to the National Park Service, created on this day in 1916 by President Woodrow Wilson. He ordered the service to preserve the landscape, wildlife, and history of the parks 'in such manner and by such means as will leave them unimpaired for the enjoyment of future generations.' In other words, the park service was established for all of us! Just make sure that whether you're visiting the islands of American Samoa, the glaciers of the North Cascades, the waterways of the Everglades, or the 308-foot Lower Falls of Yellowstone in today's image, that you explore them with care and appreciation so that they can be preserved for centuries to come.

黄石国家公园里的上间歇泉盆地，美国怀俄明州 Upper Geyser Basin in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming (© Ray Urner/Tandem Stills + Motion)

水与火相遇的地方 Where fire and water meet

Upper Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park

The highest concentration of geysers and hydrothermal springs in the world are located here in this corner of Yellowstone National Park, called the Upper Geyser Basin. They include what is perhaps the most famous geyser of them all: Old Faithful. But the Upper Basin contains many other geysers as well, including the tallest predictable geyser (Grand Geyser) and the most voluminous geyser (Giant Geyser). Yellowstone contains about 300 geysers, about two-thirds the number in the entire world.

Geysers are essentially a rare form of hot spring—a water-filled tube that extends thousands of feet into the Earth's crust, so deep it makes contact with molten rock called magma. The water in the tube boils and under extreme pressure ejects the water column into the air, emptying the tube. After some time, more groundwater seeps into the tube, filling it, and starting the process over again. That's why geysers erupt at somewhat regular intervals. The bigger the tube, the more water, and the longer the eruption. Yellowstone is one of the few places in the world where you can safely walk among so many geysers and superheated springs, and view them close up. Trails and boardwalks guide the way, making the Upper Geyser Basin one of the star attractions of this famous national park.

黄石国家公园上间歇泉盆地

世界上最密集的间歇泉和热泉位于黄石国家公园的这个角落，被称为上间歇泉盆地。其中最著名的喷泉可能是：老忠实喷泉。但上盆地也有许多其他间歇泉，包括最高的可预测间歇泉（大间歇泉）和最大的间歇泉（巨型间歇泉）。黄石公园有大约300个间歇泉，大约是全世界的三分之二。

间歇泉本质上是一种罕见的温泉，它是一种充满水的管子，伸入地壳数千英尺深，与称为岩浆的熔融岩石接触。管子中的水沸腾，在极端压力下将水柱喷射到空气中，排空管子。一段时间后，更多的地下水渗入管道，将其充满，然后重新开始这一过程。这就是间歇泉每隔一定时间喷发的原因。管子越大，水越多，喷发时间越长。黄石公园是世界上为数不多的几个可以在众多间歇泉和过热泉水之间安全漫步并近距离观看的地方之一。小径和木板人行道指引着道路，使上间歇泉盆地成为这个著名国家公园的明星景点之一。

黄石国家公园的大棱镜泉鸟瞰图，美国怀俄明州 Aerial view of Grand Prismatic Spring, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming (© AirPano LLC/Amazing Aerial Agency)

“美国最好的想法”起源于此 'America's best idea' began here

National Park Week begins

Only a very small percentage of Yellowstone's total visitors see the park when it looks like this. In winter, when the park grows quiet, its hydrothermal features really stand out, like the rainbow-hued Grand Prismatic Spring near the center of this image, the most photographed feature in Yellowstone.

Just the inspiration we need as we start National Park Week, an occasion to celebrate the splendor of our park system and turn to thoughts of hiking, paddling, and camping. The 'Week' is actually a bit longer, starting today and running through Sunday, April 24. Yellowstone was established by congress 150 years ago as the nation's first national park. Today, there are 63, and they include the volcanoes of Hawaii, the giant sequoias of California, the Grand Canyon, and the desolate moonscape of the Badlands.

Perhaps no national park better captures the American landscape than Yellowstone, 3,500 square miles of lakes, canyons, rivers, mountains, waterfalls, hot springs, and its charismatic megafauna—bison, wolves, elk, and grizzly bears. But it's Yellowstone's hydrothermal sites that really set it apart. Old Faithful might be the most famous, but it's only one of 10,000 around here. Although the park is still chilly in April, you'll have the place mostly to yourselves. Only about 44,000 visit Yellowstone in April, compared to the nearly 1 million who gather each July. If you need more incentive, entrance fees today, in honor of National Park Week, are on the house.

国家公园周开始

当黄石公园看起来像这样时，只有很小比例的游客参观了它。在冬天，当公园变得安静时，它的热液特征真的很突出，比如这张图片中心附近彩虹色的大棱柱形泉水，这是黄石公园拍摄最多的特征。

这正是我们开始国家公园周时所需要的灵感。国家公园周是一个庆祝我们公园系统辉煌的时刻，我们可以考虑徒步旅行、划船和露营。“一周”实际上要长一点，从今天开始，一直持续到4月24日周日。黄石公园是美国国会在150年前建立的第一个国家公园。如今，这里有63座火山，其中包括夏威夷的火山、加利福尼亚州的巨大红杉、大峡谷和荒地荒凉的月球景观。

也许没有哪个国家公园能比黄石公园更好地捕捉到美国的风景。黄石公园有3500平方英里的湖泊、峡谷、河流、山脉、瀑布、温泉，以及迷人的大型动物群——野牛、狼、麋鹿和灰熊。但真正让它与众不同的是黄石公园的热液遗址。老忠实可能是最有名的，但它只是这里一万个中的一个。虽然四月份公园里仍然很冷，但你可以独处。4月份只有大约4.4万人参观黄石公园，而每年7月有近100万人聚集在这里。如果你需要更多的奖励，为了纪念国家公园周，今天的入场费是免费的。

黄石国家公园的大棱镜泉，怀俄明州 The Grand Prismatic Spring in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming (© Martin Rügner/DEEPOL by plainpicture)

Colors spring up in Yellowstone

As National Park Week continues, we're taking a look at the Grand Prismatic Spring, one of the more popular attractions in Yellowstone National Park. Visitors on an elevated wooden boardwalk come to witness the vivid colors, which are formed due to a cycle of hot water rising, cooling, and falling--creating rings of distinct temperatures inside the spring. The clear, blue center is the hottest part, with almost nothing living in it. But the other rings are home to different organisms that give the water its rings of color. While it's beautiful to look at, you wouldn't want to swim in it. It's illegal, but it's also much too hot—and the sulfur smell wouldn't leave you feeling too clean.