标签 月球 下的文章
月球 The moon (© Victor Blum/Getty Images)
月球 The moon (© Victor Blum/Getty Images)
到月亮上去 To the moon and back
国际月球日
“个人的一小步，人类的一大步！”今天是国际月球日，旨在纪念阿波罗11号首次实现了人类登月的梦想。这一天最初被定为“国家月球日”，并于2021年被联合国确立为一个获得全球认可的节日。几千年来，人类一直凝视着天空，思索着月亮的起源和神秘之处，太空探索的出现使得月球成为许多任务的目标。
阿波罗11号是人类首次登上月球的开创性太空任务，于1969年7月16日发射升空。1969年7月20日，宇航员尼尔·阿姆斯特朗和巴兹·奥尔德林在月球上迈出了第一步。月球日是为了纪念这一历史性事件，并提醒人们为启动太空计划所付出的巨大努力。月球任务没有发现任何生命迹象，但它可能是未来人类殖民的地点。水冰的发现，尤其是在两极黑暗的陨石坑中发现的水冰，使它更适合潜在的定居者居住。因此，在你有机会去那里生活之前，请继续在这个自古以来就吸引着人类的月球下做梦吧。
International Moon Day
Today we're celebrating small steps and giant leaps—it's International Moon Day. This day honors the legacy of the Apollo 11 mission. Initially celebrated as National Moon Day, it was recognized by the United Nations in 2021. Human civilizations have gazed at the sky for millennia, contemplating the origins and mysteries of the moon. The advent of space exploration transformed it into the target of numerous missions.
On July 20, 1969, the pioneering Apollo 11 space mission culminated in astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin taking the first steps on the moon. Moon Day commemorates this historic event, and the significant efforts required to launch the space program. Moon missions have found no signs of life, but it could be a future site for human colonization. The discovery of water ice, especially in the dark craters at the poles, makes it more hospitable for potential settlers. So, until you have a chance to live there, keep dreaming under the same moon that has captivated humanity since time immemorial.
从美国宇航局猎户座飞船上看到的月球 The moon seen from the Orion spacecraft of NASA's Artemis mission (© NASA
从美国宇航局猎户座飞船上看到的月球 The moon seen from the Orion spacecraft of NASA's Artemis mission (© NASA)
为我们的近邻月球而庆祝 Celebrating our looming lunar neighbor
国际月球日
为了纪念1969年7月20日人类首次成功登陆月球，7月20日被定为国际月球日。这个节日不仅让人们回顾我们过去在月球探索上取得的卓越成就，也让人们关注我们如今在月球探索方面的获得的进步。图片上的美国宇航局研制的猎户座飞船正是这种进步的一个实证。这座飞船是为深空探索而设计的，它在2022年执行了一次无人绕月飞行，将在2024年进行一次载人绕月飞行，并计划在2025年载宇航员重返月球。这个节日的意义还在于让大家意识到月球的重要性，并了解人类未来在太空探索和太空殖民方面的潜力。
International Moon Day
International Moon Day is celebrated on July 20, the day humans first set foot on the moon during the Apollo 11 mission in 1969. It recognizes our lunar achievements and highlights scientific and technological advancements, like NASA's Orion spacecraft, seen here. Designed for deep space exploration, Orion completed a test flight to the moon without astronauts in 2022 and will carry out a crewed orbit in 2024. The plan is to return astronauts to the moon's surface in 2025. NASA hopes that these flights, along with events like International Moon Day, will encourage public engagement and education about the moon and its influence on Earth, as well as the potential for future space exploration and colonization.
月亮升起，图森，亚利桑那州，美国 Moon rising, Tucson, Arizona (© Tim Murphy/Shutterstock)
月亮升起，图森，亚利桑那州，美国 Moon rising, Tucson, Arizona (© Tim Murphy/Shutterstock)
亚利桑那州空中的粉月亮 A pink moon over Arizona
四月的第一个满月
夜空中的满月是动人心魄的。人类是如此为月亮着迷，北美地区甚至起了各种各样的名字描述它的不同状态：蓝月、蛋月、狩月、玫瑰月、海狸月等等等等。今天照片里展示的粉月就是亚利桑那州四月的第一轮满月，但这个粉色却并非是日期造成的。阳光从月表上反射后穿透地球大气层，大气中的灰尘、污染、烟雾和其他粒子散射月光，从而改变了月光的颜色，使其从白色或是蓝色变成了红色、橙色、黄色、或是粉色。当月亮低悬于空中时，月光需要穿透更厚的大气层，也就更有可能变为其他的颜色。也许是亚利桑那州沙漠的沙尘导致了这轮美丽的粉月吧。
April's full moon
The full moon has inspired folklore, myths, writers, and artists throughout history and has been given many names, depending on the time of year it appears. April's first full moon is known as the pink moon, but that doesn’t mean it will appear pink against the night sky. Native Americans named it for the pink wildflowers, moss pink or creeping phlox, that bloom in the eastern US in the spring.
If it does appear pink, orange, or golden, it is because sunlight reflects off the moon and travels through our atmosphere. Here, dust, pollution, and other particles scatter the light, making it appear more colorful when it hangs lower in the sky. It appears whiter as it rises. Perhaps this pink moon is tinged by the dust of the Arizona desert.
一组月相照片 Composite photo showing the phases of the moon (© Delpixart/Getty Images)
一组月相照片 Composite photo showing the phases of the moon (© Delpixart/Getty Images)
人类迈出的一大步 One giant leap for mankind
National Moon Day
Bigger and brighter than anything else you can see from Earth in the night sky, the moon has inspired our calendar, our songs, our art, our stories, and our dreams. Today, on National Moon Day, we remember one dream that came true on this date in 1969: the day humans first set foot on the lunar surface. So far, it's the only place beyond our planet that humans have visited.
Fifty-three years ago, millions of people around the world watched NASA astronaut Neil Armstrong step out of the Apollo Lunar Module Eagle and onto the surface of the moon. Fellow astronaut Buzz Aldrin followed him 19 minutes later, and the pair spent more than two hours exploring the landing site and collecting samples of lunar material. They and a third astronaut, Michael Collins—who flew the command module that took them back to Earth and did not have a moon walk of his own—spent eight days in space before splashing down in the Pacific Ocean. The moon landing gave the US a victory in the Space Race with the Soviets.
The moon is Earth's only natural satellite, orbiting our planet about every 28 days, what we refer to as a lunar cycle. The moon has virtually no atmosphere, no evidence of life, no water, no sound, and very low gravity. It is literally a dusty ball of rock. Yet, the moon stabilizes Earth's wobble on its axis and therefore moderates our climate. Most scientists believe it was formed out of debris ejected from Earth after a massive collision with another planet-like body. If that's true, the moon is part of Earth, inextricably linked forever.
国家月球日
月亮比你在夜空中从地球上看到的任何东西都更大、更明亮，它激发了我们的日历、我们的歌曲、我们的艺术、我们的故事和我们的梦想。今天，在国家月球日，我们记得1969年这个日子实现的一个梦想：人类首次踏上月球表面的那一天。到目前为止，它是地球之外唯一一个人类去过的地方。
五十三年前，全世界数百万人观看了美国宇航局宇航员尼尔·阿姆斯特朗走出阿波罗登月舱“鹰”登上月球表面。19分钟后，另一名宇航员巴兹·奥尔德林跟随他，两人花了两个多小时探索着陆点并收集月球物质样本。他们和第三名宇航员迈克尔·柯林斯（Michael Collins）在太空中度过了八天，然后坠入太平洋。迈克尔·柯林斯驾驶着指挥舱将他们带回了地球，他自己也没有进行过月球行走。登月使美国在与苏联的太空竞赛中取得了胜利。
月球是地球上唯一的天然卫星，大约每28天绕地球一周，我们称之为月球周期。月球几乎没有大气层，没有生命迹象，没有水，没有声音，重力很低。它实际上是一个尘土飞扬的岩石球。然而，月球稳定了地球在其轴线上的摆动，因此缓和了我们的气候。大多数科学家认为，它是由与另一个类似行星的物体发生大规模碰撞后从地球上喷出的碎片形成的。如果这是真的，那么月球是地球的一部分，永远是密不可分的。
从国际空间站拍摄到的地球上方的渐亏凸月 The waning gibbous moon is pictured above the Earth's horizon from the International Space Station (© NASA)
从国际空间站拍摄到的地球上方的渐亏凸月 The waning gibbous moon is pictured above the Earth's horizon from the International Space Station (© NASA)
尤里之夜的凸月 A gibbous moon on Yuri's Night
International Day of Human Space Flight
Sixty-one years ago today Yuri Gagarin became the first human to see Earth from space, with a view likely similar to this image of the waning gibbous moon from the International Space Station. With a call of 'Poyekhali!' ('Off we go!'), Gagarin launched into low Earth orbit in his Vostok 3KA spacecraft, making history in less than two hours with a complete trip around the planet.
'International Day of Human Space Flight' is observed today by astronomy lovers of all nationalities, it becomes an international celebration held every April 12 to commemorate milestones in space exploration.
国际人类太空飞行日
61年前的今天，尤里·加加林（Yuri Gagarin）成为第一个从太空看到地球的人，其视角可能与国际空间站拍摄的这张月亮逐渐变圆的图像相似。喊着“波耶卡利！”我们在史上不到两个小时的时间里发射了“加加林”号宇宙飞船。
“国际人类太空飞行日”今天由各族天文爱好者庆祝，它成为每年4月12日为纪念太空探索里程碑而举行的国际庆祝活动。
月球的高清合成影像 Composite image of the moon (© Prathamesh Jaju)
月球的高清合成影像 Composite image of the moon (© Prathamesh Jaju)
Fly me to the moon
It was 52 years ago today that astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin became the first humans to land on the moon. Their photographs of the moon and others since then have become commonplace. But for Moon Day—the annual celebration of that first lunar landing—let's take a close look at this extraordinary image of Earth's only natural satellite. Prathamesh Jaju, age 16, of Pune, India, worked for more than 40 hours stitching together this detailed photograph from more than 50,000 images he took of the moon's surface. Jaju, who describes himself as an 'amateur astrophotographer,' used an automated telescope to track the moon's movements over a four-hour period in May 2021. The result is this highly detailed portrait of the moon's craters, textures, shadows, and colors. While this image may be as close as we ever get to the moon, at least we know we'll never gaze at it the same way again.
送我去月球
52年前的今天，宇航员尼尔·阿姆斯特朗和巴斯·奥尔德林成为第一批登陆月球的人类。从那时起，他们拍摄的月球和其他月球的照片就变得司空见惯了。但对于月球日，每年的第一次月球登陆庆典，让我们仔细观察一下地球唯一的天然卫星的非凡景象。来自印度浦那的16岁的Prathamesh Jaju花了40多个小时的时间，从他拍摄的50000多张月球表面照片中拼接出了这张详细的照片。Jaju自称是一名“业余天文摄影师”，他在2021年5月用一台自动望远镜在4个小时的时间内跟踪月球的运动，结果得到了这张非常详细的月球陨石坑、纹理、阴影和颜色的照片。虽然这张照片可能和我们登上月球的距离一样近，但至少我们知道我们再也不会以同样的方式注视它了。
穿过月球上史密斯海的“地出” Earthrise across Mare Smythii on the moon (© Image Science and Analysis Laboratory, NASA-Johnson Space Center)
穿过月球上史密斯海的“地出” Earthrise across Mare Smythii on the moon (© Image Science and Analysis Laboratory, NASA-Johnson Space Center)
Earthrise on Moon Day
Only two dozen people have ever personally witnessed the Earth rising over the lunar surface: the crews of Apollo 8 through 17. Those 24 astronauts are also the only humans to leave low-Earth orbit and see the 'dark' side of the moon—and only 12 of them walked on its surface. We celebrate July 20th as Moon Day, the anniversary of Apollo 11's Eagle lander touching down on the moon and the momentous first steps taken there by Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin. Today's picture of our big blue marble hanging above Mare Smythii was taken by the one of crew of that mission 51 years ago today, but neither Armstrong, Aldrin, nor Command Module Pilot Michael Collins could recall which of them snapped the iconic shot.
Artist Luke Jerram's installation 'Museum of the Moon' at Liverpool Cathedral, England (© Christopher Furlong/Getty Images)
Artist Luke Jerram's installation 'Museum of the Moon' at Liverpool Cathedral, England (© Christopher Furlong/Getty Images)
Bringing the moon to earth
It was fifty years ago that Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin became the first humans to feel an alien gravity tugging at them. By landing on the moon on July 20, 1969, a mere 66 years after the first powered flight by the Wright brothers, the two astronauts met the challenge set by John F. Kennedy seven years earlier to land men on the moon before the end of the decade.
In the decades since, NASA and other space agencies around the world have continued to study our satellite companion to unlock its secrets. Those studies produced the detailed images and maps that British artist Luke Jerram used to produce his 23-foot-diameter sculpture Museum of the Moon (shown here in Liverpool Cathedral). The amazingly detailed installation is currently on display the Houston Museum of Natural Science as part of the 50th anniversary celebrations of the Apollo 11 moon landing.
