婆罗浮屠大佛寺，爪哇岛，印度尼西亚 Borobudur Temple, Java, Indonesia (© Robertharding/Shutterstock)

圣山之上 On the sacred mountain

婆罗浮屠大佛寺，爪哇岛，印度尼西亚

想象一下，一个由200多万块石头拼成的巨大拼图，这就是今日图片中的婆罗浮屠。这座寺庙建于公元9世纪，由当时统治爪哇岛的夏连特拉王朝的统治者建造，是世界上最大的佛教寺庙，巍然屹立在印度尼西亚的爪哇岛。这座古老的圣殿因其采用了先进的石块连接系统，在数百年的自然灾害中屹立不倒，包括火山喷发和地震。历史上，婆罗浮屠是一个重要的朝圣地。在被遗弃数百年后，它在19世纪被英国副总督莱佛士重新发现。

婆罗浮屠的每一层都堪称建筑奇迹，融合了笈多风格、佛教风格和爪哇风格。这座建筑分为三部分：底层有雕刻精美的浮雕，传授道德教义；中间层由五个方台组成，上面的浮雕描绘了日常生活和历史事件；而上层则是三层圆台，每一层圆台边缘有一圈钟形小塔，3层共有72座，每座塔内均供奉一尊佛像。婆罗浮屠的顶端为一座巨大的钟形主塔，主塔中有一尊最大的佛像，仿佛在看着来此参观的游客是如何沉浸在这片圣地的氛围中。

Borobudur Temple, Java, Indonesia

Imagine a colossal puzzle made from over 2 million stone blocks—that's Borobudur, seen in today's image. Built during the 9th century in the reign of the Shailendra dynasty—a ruling family in Southeast Asia—it's the world's largest Buddhist temple, standing tall on the island of Java, Indonesia. This ancient sanctum has withstood centuries of natural challenges, including volcanic eruptions and earthquakes, thanks to its advanced interlocking stone system. Historically, Borobudur was an important pilgrimage site. After being abandoned for centuries, it was rediscovered in the 19th century by the English lieutenant governor Thomas Stamford Raffles.

Here, each step is an architectural marvel, combining Gupta, Buddhist, and Javanese styles. The structure is divided into three sections: the base has detailed carvings that teach moral lessons; the middle level consists of five square terraces with reliefs depicting daily life and historical events; and the upper levels are three circular platforms with 72 stupas—mound-like structures containing Buddha statues. Oh, and those bell-shaped stupas on the top? Inside each one, a serene Buddha waits, watching as visitors soak in the surroundings.

标签: 印度尼西亚