阿尔贝罗贝洛的特鲁洛建筑，普利亚大区，意大利 Trullo buildings in Alberobello, Apulia, Italy (© Feng Wei Photography/Getty Images)

阿尔贝罗贝洛的特鲁洛建筑，普利亚大区，意大利 Trullo buildings in Alberobello, Apulia, Italy (© Feng Wei Photography/Getty Images)

一座非凡的特鲁洛小镇 A 'trulli' remarkable town

阿尔贝罗贝洛的特鲁洛建筑，意大利

如果童话故事里有建筑师，他们或许能创造出像意大利阿尔贝罗贝洛那样的景象。但这座小镇的标志性建筑——特鲁利（trulli，单数为trullo），并非靠魔杖，而是石灰岩、无砂浆砌筑，以及——根据某些理论——一些逃税手段——才得以建成。这些粉刷过的石屋顶部是干砌的石灰岩屋顶，形状像倒置的冰淇淋蛋筒。这是一种古老的建筑技术，在阿尔贝罗贝洛，更是巧妙之举。据说早在14世纪，当地人就试图通过建造房屋来逃避房产税，因为国王的税务官来袭时，这些房屋很容易被拆除。

阿尔贝罗贝洛的特鲁利并非孤例。像蒙蒂区（Rione Monti）和小阿亚区（Aia Piccola）这样的整个街区都挤满了这些奇特的建筑。有些至今仍有人居住，有些则被改造成咖啡馆、纪念品商店和小型博物馆。你甚至还能找到一座特鲁利风格的教堂。1996年，联合国教科文组织将阿尔贝罗贝洛的特鲁利列为世界遗产。一个漏洞成为地标建筑的情况并非每天都有。

Trullo buildings in Alberobello, Apulia, Italy

If fairy tales had architects, they might've come up with something like Alberobello in Italy. But instead of magic wands, it was limestone, mortar-free masonry, and—according to some theories—a bit of tax evasion that built this town's signature homes: the trulli. These are whitewashed stone houses topped with dry-stacked limestone roofs shaped like upside-down ice cream cones. It's an ancient building technique, and in this case, a clever one. Back in the 14th century, locals were reportedly trying to avoid property taxes by constructing homes that could be quickly dismantled when the king's tax collector came around.

Alberobello's trulli aren't hidden one-offs. Entire districts—like Rione Monti and Aia Piccola—are packed with these quirky structures. Some are still lived in, while others have been transformed into cafés, souvenir shops, and pint-sized museums. You'll even find a church built in trullo style. In 1996, UNESCO gave the trulli of Alberobello the heritage stamp of approval. It's not every day that a loophole becomes a landmark.